HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
electron microscope picture of virus
particles (about 100,000x magnified)
cartoon
virology-online.com
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from Weiss (2001) Phil Trans Roy Soc. Lond. B
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from Freeman Herron Evolutionary Analysis
(1998)
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from Pantaleo G, Graziosi C, Fauci AS. 1993. New
concepts in the immunopathogenesis of human
immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J
Med328327-35
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comparison of mutation rates when copying the
genes of.
Humans Influenza A (flu) virus HIV virus
1 mistake in 1 billion nucleotides copied 1
mistake in 1 million nucleotides copied 1
mistake in 1 thousand nucleotides copied
from Freeman Herron Evolutionary Analysis
(1998)
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Phil Trans Roy Soc. Lond. B (2001)
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What's the evidence that HIV has evolved?
1. comparison of sequence types from last 50
years 2. growing resistance to once-effective
drugs (esp. AZT) 3. comparison of sequences in
newly infected HIV patient, with those in the
patient after he/she develops AIDS symptoms
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Retroviral Rebound Syndrome after Cessation of
Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy in Three
Patients with Chronic HIV Infection by Roy
Colven, Robert D. Harrington, David H. Spach,
Calvin J. Cohen, and Thomas M. Hooton Annals of
Internal Medicine (19 September 2000) Volume 133
Issue 6
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1 HIV/AIDS treatment per person per day 28.1
million people in Sub-Saharan Africa living with
HIV/AIDS 365 days per year 1 x 28.1 million x
365 10.26 billion dollars per year ...would
provide every HIV-positive sub-Saharan African
with life-saving drugs
85 billion / 10.26 billion dollars per year
8.3 years
(number of years the USA could provide
life-saving HIV drugs to sub-Saharan Africans
with the tax payers money we spent this year to
invade and occupy Iraq)
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but needle exchange programs encourage drug use,
right? WRONG!
Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic 2002
UNAIDS
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