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1
ITU Standardization and its new Environment
Botswana, 24th - 26th July 2002 by Houlin
ZHAO Director Telecommunication Standardization
Bureau (TSB) International Telecommunication
Union, Geneva Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva
20 - Switzerland Tel [phone] Fax 41
22 730 5853 E-mail tsbdir_at_itu.int ITU Home page
address http//www.itu.int
2
1837 Invention of the first electric
telegraph 1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public
message over a telegraph Iine between Washington
and Baltimore 1865 Foundation of the
International Telegraph Union by twenty States 17
May with the adoption of the first Convention.
First Telegraph Regulations. 1876 Alexander
Graham Bell patents his invention of the
telephone 1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF
(International Telephone Consultative
Committee) 1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT
(International Telegraph Consultative
Committee) 1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR
(Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) 1932 Madrid
- Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union
changes name to International Telecommunication
Union 1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of
the United Nations 1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT
merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and
Telephone Consultative Committee) 1992 Geneva -
Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3
Sectors ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces
IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD
ITU Landmarks
3
Structure of the ITU
4

• mainly financed by Governments
• work dominated by industry
• procedures very efficient, no longer slow
• seek effective cooperation with SDOs to share
  the work
• should be open to emerging technologies
• should be open to researchers / students
• try to keep its pre-eminent status

Situation of ITU Standardization
5
CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone
Consultative Committee) 1956 1st Plenary
Assembly 1960 2nd Plenary Assembly Red
Books 1964 3rd Plenary Assembly Blue
Books 1968 4th Plenary Assembly White
Books 1972 5th Plenary Assembly Green
Books 1976 6th Plenary Assembly Orange
Books 1980 7th Plenary Assembly Yellow
Books 1984 8th Plenary Assembly Red
Books 1988 9th Plenary Assembly Blue
Books ITU-T (International Telecommunication
Union - Telecom. Standardization Sector) 1993
1st World Telecommunication Standardization
Conference (WTSC-93), Helsinki 1996 2nd World
Telecommunication Standardization Conference
(WTSC-96), Geneva 2000 3rd World
Telecommunication Standardization Assembly
(WTSA-2000), Montreal
CCITT and ITU-T
6
"The functions of the Telecommunication
Standardization Sector shall be, bearing in
mind the particular concerns of the developing
countries, to fulfill the purposes of the Union
relating to telecommunication standardization,
as stated in Article 1 of this Constitution, by
studying technical, operating and tariff
Questions and adopting Recommendations on them
with a view to standardizing telecommunications
on a worldwide basis"
Functions of ITU-T
7

• Workshop / forum
• Focus Group
• Joint Group
• Project team

Organizational Structure of ITU-T
8
Study Group 2 Operational aspects of service
provision, networks and performance Study
Group 3 Tariff and accounting principles
including related telecommunications economic
and policy issues Study Group 4 Telecommunicati
on management, including TMN Study Group
5 Protection against electromagnetic
environment effects Study Group 6 Outside
plant Study Group 9 Integrated broadband cable
networks and television and sound
transmission Study Group 11 Signalling
requirements and protocols
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
9
Study Group 12 End-to-end transmission
performance of networks and terminals Study
Group 13 Multi-protocol and IP-based networks
and their internetworking Study Group
15 Optical and other transport networks Study
Group 16 Multimedia services, systems and
terminals Study Group 17 Data networks and
telecommunication software SSG IMT-2000 and
Beyond TSAG Telecommunication Standardization
Advisory Group
(Priorities IP, Mobility, next generation,
security, )
ITU-T Study Groups and TSAG
10
Approval of new and revised Recommendations
- Sequence of events (TAP)
11





(a)

3 weeks

4 weeks

LC

(b)



SG


Directors

Meeting

Announcement


(c)

and Posting

SG or

Edited

Directors


WP

Text

Announcement

Meeting

for LC

and Posting

3 weeks

(b)

for LC


(a)

AR



(b)



Approved

(a)

Comment

Directors


Resolution


Announcement

Directors

Edited

and Posting

Notification

Text

for AR



Available



LC

Last Call

AR

Additional Review

AAP Sequence of Events(extract from Rec. A.8)
12

• Questions (projects)
• Contributions driven (normal contributions,
  delayed contributions, temporary documents)
• face-to-face meeting
• - debate, determination, approval of reports,
  approval of Questions - SG/WP meetings
  decision making Rapporteur meetings develop
  texts
• Decision consensus, unanimous agreements
• Recommendations (Amendments, Corrigenda,
  supplements)
• draft Recommendations, determined draft
  Recommendations
• approved Recommendations, pre-published
  Recommendations, published Recommendations
• Implementors Guides
• Meeting reports
• Electronic submissions, web consultations,
  email, ftp
• Paperless meeting LAN/Wireless LAN
  connections in meeting rooms

Working methods
13
Series A Organization of the work of the
ITU-T Series B Means of expression
definitions, symbols, classification Series
C General telecommunication statistics Series
D General tariff principles Series E Overall
network operation, telephone service, service
operation and human factors Series
F Non-telephone telecommunication
services Series G Transmission systems and
media, digital systems and networks Series
H Audiovisual and multimedia systems Series
I Integrated services digital network
ITU-T Recommendations Series (1)
14
Series J Transmission of television, sound
programme and other multimedia signals Series
K Protection against interference Series
L Construction, installation and protection of
cables and other elements of outside
plant Series M TMN and network maintenance
international transmission systems, telephone
circuits, telegraphy, facsimile and leased
circuits Series N Maintenance international
sound programme and television transmission
circuits Series O Specifications of measuring
equipment Series P Telephone transmission
quality, telephone installations, local line
networks
ITU-T Recommendations Series (2)
15
Series Q Switching and signalling Series
R Telegraph transmission Series S Telegraph
services terminal equipment Series T Terminals
for telematic services Series U Telegraph
switching Series V Data communication over the
telephone network Series X Data networks and
open system communication Series Y Global
information infrastructure and internet protocol
aspects Series Z Languages and general software
aspects for telecommunication systems
ITU-T Recommendations Series (3)
16
2001 - Best selling texts (in the order of sales
number from 09/01) H.323 G.707/Y.1322 G.783 G.
703 G.991.2 G.709 H.248 H.225.0 G.729 Q.763
Q.931 G.704 G.703 G.807/Y.1302 Q.763 Q.931 H.2
48 Annex K G.871/Y.1301 P.862 G.711 Some
well-known ITU-T Recommendations E.164 E.190
E.212G.652 G.655 G.692 G.703 G.704 G.711 G
.720 G.723 Annex Adisk G.723.1 G.729Annex
Adisk G.780-series (SDH) G.826
G.957 G.982 G.990-series (xDSL) H.225.0 H.245
H.248 H.263 H.323 H.324 H.450
I.365 I.432 I.731 J.112 J.117 M.3010 M.3100 M.
3400 Q.931 Q.1700-series (IMT-2000) T.30 T.37 T
.38 V.34 V.44 V.59 V.90 V.92 X.25
X.36 X.509 X.680-series (ASN.1) X.690
X.840-series Y.1310 Y.1540
Best Sellers of ITU-T Recommendations
17
Approval and publication time of Recommendations
18
Three major items - IP-related
issues - IMT-2000 - Accounting rates Other
items - Multi-media, access networks (xDSL),
optical transmission, security, numbering and
addressing, inter-operabilities, IPR, etc.
ITU-T's main work areas
19

• 7 kHz band - wideband (G.722-series)
• 4 kHz band - analogue
• 64 kbit/s - PCM, G.711, 1972
• 32 kbit/s - ADPCM, G.721, 1984
• 16 kbit/s - G.728, 1992
• 8 kbit/s - G.729, 1996
• 4 kbit/s - G.4kbps

ITU-Ts work on voice coding
20

• Classic facsimile (G3, G4) T.4, T.6
• B/W still pictures (JBIG) T.82, T.83
• Cont. tone colour (JPEG) T.81
• (lossless) (JPEG-LS) T.86
• (JPEG-2000) T.800

ITU-Ts work on still picture coding
21

• H.261 - video coding at n x 64 kbit/s
• H.262 - generic video and audio coding
• H.263 - video coding for low bit rates
• H.26L - in progress (vs. MPEG-4)
• - improved multimedia video coding

ITU-Ts work on moving picture coding
22
622 Mbit/s
OPTICAL ACCESS
50 Mbit/s
VDSL
25 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
HDSL/ ADSL
2 Mbit/s
640 kbit/s
ISDN
128 kbit/s
Analog modems
56.6 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
Year
9.6 kbit/s
1989
1997
2000
Access network
23

• Fully optical networks
• Increased bit rates (up to 40 Gbit/s)
• Use of multi-wavelength techniques DWDM
• Use of optical amplifiers
• Interoperability and interconnection
• Submarine optically amplified DWDM
• Access networks for new high speed services

ITU-Ts work on Optical networking
24

• E.164
• G.707 (SDH), G.709 (OTN), G.722 (7 kHz), G.728
  (16 kbit/s), G.729 (8 kbit/s), G.99x (xDSL)
• H.248 (gateway), H.323 (multimedia systems)
• I.365 (FR), I.432 (B-ISDN), I.732 (ATM)
• J.112 (Cable TV), J.16x J.17x (IPCablecom)
• M.3120 (CORBA for TMN)
• Q.933 (DSS1), Q.1300 (TASC), Q.1930 (BICC),
  Q.27xx (B-ISDN), Q.29xx (DSS2)
• T.37, T.38 (IPfax), T.12x (multimedia
  conference)
• V.29 (9.6 K modem), V.34 (34 kbit/s), V.90/V.92
  (56 kbit/s)
• X.25, X.75, X.76 (FR), X.85 (IP over SDH), X.86
  (Ethernet over LAPS), X.121, X.4xx (MHS), X.5xx
  (Directory),

ITU-Ts products for IP-networks
25

• Specified IMT-2000 systems and its spectrums
• Interworking functions to be used with existing
  and evolving IMT-2000 systems
• Convergence of fixed and existing IMT-2000
  systems
• New Generation of mobile systems

ITU-Ts mobile communications
26

• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Numbering and routing
• Security
• Tariffs and Accounting rates
• Interworking

Ensuring global interoperability
27
01/2000 12/2001 difference
Administrations 189 189 -
ROAs 161 179 18
SIOs 189 234 45
Associates - 30 30
Others 40 39 - 1
(Others such as ISO, IEC, ISOC/IETF, INTELSAT,
INMARSAT, EUTELSAT,ETSI, CEPT)
ITU-T Members
28
Administrations (96/2208) ROAs (87/1783) SIOs (167/1875)
U.S.A. 342 NTT 188 Lucent 16658
China 232 FT 184 Ericsson 1475
Germany 187 BT 148 Siemens 13617
France 106 DT 134 Nortel 9151
Russia 99 ATT 77 Alcatel 35234018
U.K. 95 KDDI 69 CSELT 69
Canada 63 Telecom Italia 65 NEC 47
Japan 63 Swisscom 65 Nokia 46
India 62 KT 59 Fujitsu 42
Ukraine 58 Telenor 58 Telecordia 36
Italy 56 Royal KPN 58 Motorola 278
Syria 53 Telia 46 OKI 32
Korea 50 Telekom Austria 37 ETRI 32
Total 1466 (66) Total 1188 (67) Total 1126 (60)
(Note Cisco 13)
Top Members participation (07/98-08/00)
29

• - ITU-T work is shared by Governments and
  Industry Members
• (service providers and telecom equipment
  vendors)
• - Individual Industry Memberships in ITU Sectors
• 13 out of 14 Study Group Chairmen (including
  TSAG) appointed
• are from Sector Members
• - Classic telecom members (to attract new IT
  Members)
• - Directors Informal Consultation meeting (with
  Industries)
• known as Martigny meetings, twice Feb. 2000
  and Feb. 2001
• - Key point of ITU Reform Industry Members
  rights and duties (partnership)

Industry Members role
30
Budget SDO Membership fees Note Annual fee(US)
(25,000,000 ) 40,000,000 SFr ITU-T Minimum mandatoryOther optional ½ unit (31,500 SFr) 20,000
20,275,000 (21,909,000 Euros) ETSI Mandatory according to turnover 45 units (5,000 Euros/unit) 211,050
IETF Depending on participation 350 /500 per meeting per person,3 meetings per year 1050/1500 x ?
1,200,000 ECMA Mandatory 42,000 / 18, 000 / 10,000standards free 42,000
(18,300,000 )29,305,000 SFr ISO Through national members Shared by national members(five big members pay 9 of the budget) (individual company up to 50,000)
(11,900,000 )19,000,000 SFr IEC
(4,456,200 Euros)4,000,000 3GPP Shared by 6 SDOs Average500,000/SDO
1,840,000 3GPP2 Shared by 5 SDOs Average 360,000/SDO
W3C Mandatory 50,000 / 5,000 , standards free 50,000
IEEE Mandatory 5,000
2,870,000 ATM Mandatory meeting fees 14,000/5,000/3,500/1,500, 250/275 per meeting4 meetings/year, standards free 14,0001,000/1,100 x?
(Some SDOs receive secretariat support from their
members such expenditures are not counted in the
budget.)
Companys dues to SDOs(ITU-T Associates US
6,000)
31
Intergovernment ITU (ITU-T and ITU-R)
NGOsISO, IEC..

Forums / Consortia / SDOs
1394TA 3G.IP 3GPP 3GPP2 AIM AMF AMI-C AOEMA AOW AR
IB ATM Forum BINTERMS Bluetooth Cable
Modems CBOP CDG CIF CII CommerceNet CommerceNet J
Committee T1 COS CPR CTFJ DHF DISA DOPG DSL
Forum ECE ECHONET ECMA ECOM ECTF EDIFICE EDS EEMA
EIDX EMA EMF ERTICO ETSI EWOS FCIA FCIA-J FIPA FRF
FS-VDSL FSAN GSM Assoc. HNF Home
API HomePNA HRFWG IDB Forum IEEE IETF IFIP IFSA IM
TC IMWA IPv6 IrDA ITS America ITS
UK JAVA JCTEA JECALS JEDIC JEMA JICSAP JIMM JMF LO
NMARK MCPC MDG.org MITF MMCF Mobile Web MOPA MPLS
Forum MSF MWIF OASIS ODVA OIF OMG OSGi PCCA PCISIG
PCMCIA PHS MoU PICMG PKI POF Salutation SCF SCTE
SDL Forum SDR SSIPG STA TIA TINA-C TM
Forum TOG TSC TTA TTC UMTS USBIF UWCC W3C WAP WDF
Web 3D WfMC WIN Forum WLIF XTP Forum

ITU positioning
32

• ISO, IEC, ISO/IEC JTC 1 cooperation since the
  1970s common texts since 1992
• WTSA-2000 Resolution 7, Recommendation
  A.23 Joint President Cooperation Group (JPCG) ?
  World Standards Cooperation (WSC)
• IETF ITU-T Member since 1995
• MoU PSO, July 1999 provide secretarial support
  to PSO, since 08/01
• Joint management team meetings in 11/99 and
  08/01 ENUM, H.248, T.37
• ETSI ITU-T Member since early 1990s MoU
  cooperation in June 2000
• ISO, IEC, UN/ECE MoU on e-business in March
  2000
• GSC (Global Standards Collaboration) Since
  March 1994
• TTA, TTC, ARIB, ETSI, T1, TIA, TSACC, ACIF, ITU

ITU-T coordination with SDOs
33

• ITU-T already defined processes for working with
  other organizations,
• and TSAG enhanced these to include working with
  IETF
• Guidelines were prepared for the SGs, including
  issues such as
• - how to interact on ITU-T and IETF work items,
  including
• how ITU-T learns about existing and
  proposed new IETF work items
• how IETF learns about ITU-T work items
• Representation, including
• - IETF recognition at ITU-T meetings and
  vice-versa
• - communication contacts
• - mailing lists
• Document sharing, including
• - drafting
• - the passing of documents between the
  Organizations
• - cross referencing

Cooperation with IETF
34

• IETF protocol defined in RFC 2916
• E.164 number can be used to look up a
  Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• - Web addresses most commonly known URIs
• Allows using E.164 number in context of
  combined PSTN IP services (email, fax, SIP
  address, coordinates, other?)
• For example
• 44 1206 762335 ? 5.3.3.2.6.7.6.0.2.1.4.4.e164.
  TLD

What is ENUM?
35

• Define and implement administrative procedures
  that coordinate delegations of E.164 numbering
  resources into the agreed DNS name servers
• Director of TSB, on behalf of Administrations,
  to
• control the implementation of ENUM under
• e164.arpa on a trial basis, while the
  registering is
• done by RIPE NCC

ITU-T Responsibilities regarding ENUM
36

• ICANN Board of Directors, 3 from PSO
• Mr. Schink (Siemens) (ITU proposed candidate)
• ICANN Independent Review Panel (IRP)
  Nominating Committee
• 6 members
• Mr. H. Zhao 3 years PSO (Director of TSB/ITU)
• Mr. T. Lee 2 years PSO
• Ms. C. Liu 3 years ASO
• Mr. J. K. Park 2 years ASO
• Mr. S. Hemphill 3 years DNSO
• Mr. O. Iteann 2 years DNSO
• GAC Mr. R. Shaw and Mr. R. Hill

ITUs involvement in ICANN
37

• President of ICANN call for reform in February
  2002
• TSB Director conducted informal consultation
  with ITU Members in March/April
• TSB Director presents a paper to ICANN on its
  reform, offering to assist ICANN in certain
  areas
• ITU Council-2002 unanimously supported TSB
  Directors initiative
• Many contacts between ITU-T and the outside
  partners concerned
• Hope for a successful ICANN reform

ICANN Reform
38

• ITU-T Rec. A. 4 communication with forums and
  consortia
• ITU-T Rec. A. 5 referencing documents of other
  organizations in ITU-T Recommendations
• ITU-T Rec. A. 6 cooperation and exchange of
  information with SDOs
• Invitation to the Informal Forum Summit by the
  Director of TSB (December 3-4, 2001)

ITU-T Cooperation with forums / consortia / SDOs
39
A.4 A.5 A.6
ASN.1 Consortium ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) ARIB
ATM Forum ATM Forum Committee T1
DSL Forum Committee T1 CWTS
ETIS (e-and telecommunication info. services) CWTS (China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group) ECMA
FRF (Frame Relay Forum) DSL Forum ETSI
IMTC (Multimedia) ECMA Standardizing Information Communication Systems IEEE
IPDR Organization ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) JCTEA
IPv6 Forum FRF NIST
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) Forum IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) SCTE
MSF (Multiservice Switching Forum) ISOC/IETF (Internet Society/Internet Engineering Task Force) TIA
OASIS JCTEA (Japan Cable Television Engineering Association) TTA
OIF (Optical Internetworking Forum) MPLS Forum TTC
OMG (Object Management Group) NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
SDL Forum Society OASIS
TM Forum (Tele Management Forum) OIF
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) OMG
SCTE (Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers)
TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)
TM Forum
TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association)
TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee)
W3C
Members for Rec. A.4, A.5and A.6 relationship
40

• Cooperation on common subjects (liaisons,
  communications, mutual participation)
• Cooperation on workshops
• ITU-T provide draft texts and other documents to
  SDOs to post for public consultation
• ITUs permission for SDOs to reproduce ITU-T
  texts
• More to be done for mutual benefit market
  study, joint promotion, mutual reference, joint
  conferences, efficient coordination, common IPR
  policy, etc.
• Informal Forum Summit, Geneva, December 2001

Cooperation activities with SDOs(General)
41

• Some forums become A.4 members of ITU-T
• FS-VDSL Forum will become a Focus Group of ITU-T
  SG 16
• Another Forum is considering to become a Focus
  Group of ITU-T
• Home page connections for ITU-T and
  Forums/Consortia
• ITU-T SG 16 management member be included in the
  Forum
• leadership
• New approaches
• TO COOPERATE and WORK TOGETHER!

New relationships betweenForums/Consortia and
ITU-T
42

• Consensus after WTSA-2000, the ITU-T
  procedures are now very streamlined and
  efficient so that any perception of slowness can
  no longer be attributed to the ITU-T methods
• fully recognized that Sector Members have a
  significant leadership role in the ITU-T
  technical standardization activities
• ITU-T is and should remain the unique worldwide
  venue for industry and governments to work
  together in developing, providing and promoting
  global consensus-based telecommunication
  requirements and standards for the Information
  Society

Industry Views on ITU-T Martigny, February 2001
43

• WTSA-2000 preparatory meeting in Bamako, Mali,
• May 2000, jointly convened with BDT
• TAF meetings in Africa Region in 2000
• ITU-T SG 12 meeting and workshop, Dakar,
  Senegal,
• 18-26 October 2001, supported by Senegal and ITU
  
• Area Office in Dakar
• TAF in Niamey, Niger, 23-27 April 2001,
  supported by
• Niger and ITU Regional Office

ITU-T/TSB activities in Africa in 2000/2001
44

• 15 Sector Members from 9 countries (Côte
  dIvoire, Egypt, Kenya,
• Lesotho, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South
  Africa, Togo)
• 4 regional organizations (ATU, COPTAC, LAS,
  URTNA)
• Increasing participation to SG activities, but
  still very low level (except for SG 3)
• Vice-Chairmen from Africa
• TSAG Mr. A. Zourmba (Cameroon)
• SG 3 Mr. H. K. Hamani (Niger)
• SSG Mr. P. F. Masambu (Uganda)
• Tariff Group for Africa (TAF)
• Chairman Mr. M. Ndaro (Kenya)
• Vice-Chairmen Mr. E. Elop (Cameroon)
• Mr. M. Traore (Mali)
• Mr. A. Akue-Kpakpo (Togo)

African involvement with ITU-T
45

• Encourage more Sector Members (service
  providers) from Africa Region to participate in
  the technical SG activities
• Change mentality and policy
• ? under market-driven principles - market
  in Africa Africans manage their own markets
• ? Africans have expertise
• ? From your contacts with top-level worldwide
  experts in the SG activities, to learn new
  trends of technology development, to defend
  your own interests, to gain confidence and to
  contribute to the global telecom standardization
  with African values.

African participation in ITU-T
46

• Problems limited financial resources, and no
  fellowships available for technical SGs
• Solution
• ? Regional cooperation
• ? Sharing responsibility on subjects among
  countries and
• representing the regional/groups at the ITU-T
  meetings
• ? E-mail consultation
• - free ITU TIES accounts for ITU Members
• - free electronic access to ITU Recommendations
  for ITU Members
• ? Contact TSB directly or through regional
  organizations
• ? ITU-T strengthens its presence in Africa by
  organizing meetings
• in Africa
• SEE YOU MORE AND MORE in ITU-T!

African participation in ITU-T