Grid-based Map Analysis and GIS Modeling. Understandin

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Grid-based Map Analysis and GIS Modeling
Understanding Spatial Patterns and Relationships
Intermediate Workshop Presented by Joseph K. Berry
Map Analysis and GIS Modeling is technical Oz
youre hit with a tornado of new concepts, then
come back to yourself a short time later
wondering what on earth all those crazy things
meant
Part 1 Introduction and Data Considerations Part
2 Spatial Analysis Techniques and
Considerations Part 3 Spatial Statistics
Techniques and Considerations Part 4 GIS
Modeling Approaches and Considerations
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(Nanotechnology) Geotechnology
(Biotechnology)
Geotechnology is one of the three "mega
technologies" for the 21st century and promises
to forever change how we conceptualize, utilize
and visualize spatial information in research,
education and commercial applications
GPS/GIS/RS
Where is What
? Why and So What
(Berry)
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Historical Setting and GIS Evolution
GIS Geographic Information Systems a more
recent expression of mapping (40 years)
Multimedia Mapping full integration of GIS,
Internet and visualization technologies (00s)

but thats another story
(Berry)
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Desktop Mapping Framework (Vector, Discrete)
(Berry)
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Manual GIS (Geo-query circa 1950)
1) Index Card with series of numbered holes
around the edge and written description/data in
the center
3) Pass a long Needle through the stack of cards
and lift
Data Table (attribute records) What
4) Repeat using the search results sub-set for
more characteristics
(Berry)
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MAP Analysis Framework (Raster, Continuous)
(Short Exercise 1)
(Berry)
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Calculating Slope and Flow (Map Analysis)
(Berry)
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Deriving Erosion Potential Buffers
(Berry)
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Calculating Effective Distance (variable-width
buffers)
(Berry)
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Erosion Potential Buffer Model (MapCalc script)
(Berry)
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Basic Grid Structure
(Berry)
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Recognizing Data Display Types

• Data Types
• Numerical Distribution
• Nominal, Ordinal (Qualitative)
• Interval, Ratio (Quantitative)
• Binary (Boolean)
• Geographical Distribution
• Choropleth (Discrete)
• Isopleth (Continuous)

(Berry)
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Vector to/from Raster
Old sayingraster is faster, but vector is
corrector Vector precise placement of
spatial objects Grid accurate characterization
of spatial relationships
(Berry)
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Accuracy versus Precision
The Wikipedia defines Accuracy as the degree of
veracity (exactness) while Precision as the
degree of reproducibility (repeatable)
(Berry)
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Classification versus Delineation (spatial
perspective)
Classification Accuracy (What) ?? Delineation
Precision (Where)
(Berry)
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Model Accuracy/Precision (spatial modeling
perspective)
Calibrate Expert Opinion
cognitive mapping has no definitive
right/wrong solution Most Preferred
Weight Stakeholder Values
(Berry)
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but before we leave Introduction Data
Considerations to tackle Spatial Analysis
(operations for reclassify, overlay, distance and
neighbors), any
Questions?
Questions?
(Berry)