Objectives

1
Objectives
Introduction
There are confined spaces in many Oregon
industrial workplaces. OR-OSHA is concerned that
many of these confined spaces pose unique
problems due to their contents and/or
configuration. Some confined spaces, for
example, pose entrapment hazards for entrants,
while others restrict air circulation so that
hazardous atmospheres may accumulate.
Confinement itself can increase the risk of
injury or death by making employees work closer
to hazards than they would otherwise. Accident
investigators have long recognized and directed
employer and employee attention to the special
dangers of confined spaces. This class
introduces you to the basic requirements and
procedures involved with permit-required confined
spaces as detailed in Oregon Administrative Rule
437, Division 2/J, 29 CFR 1910.146,
Permit-Required Confined Spaces. This
information is vitally important to all those who
work in or have responsibility for those who work
in permit-required confined spaces (PRCS).
Please feel free to ask questions at any time.
If you have experience in confined space
operations, please participate so that we might
all benefit from that experience!
This class provides the following information
1. Criteria for confined spaces and
permit-required confined spaces. 2. Hazards
which may exist in permit-required confined
spaces. 3. Steps in developing a
permit-required confined space program. Applicat
ion of alternative procedures Permit
system Rescue and emergency service
requirements. 4. Training requirements.
Please Note This material, or any other
material used to inform employers of compliance
requirements of Oregon OSHA standards through
simplification of the regulations should not be
considered a substitute for any provisions of the
Oregon Safe Employment Act or for any standards
issued by Oregon OSHA. This workbook is intended
for classroom use only.
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Why a Permit-Required Confined Space Program?
Asphyxiation in Oklahoma In Oklahoma, a
three-person work crew ruptured a water line
while boring through a street to prepare the way
for extended water service. The workers were
instructed to close off three valves in order to
cut off water flow to the damaged pipe. The
workmen had no personal protective equipment or
training for confined space entry. They were
aware of a company policy which required
atmospheric testing before entry, but they
decided that shutting off the water was more
important. They had no trouble with the first
valve pit. However, the employee who entered the
second pit, which had not been opened in three
years, soon called for help. The crew leader
entered the pit to assist the initial entrant but
was overcome. The third crewman realized that
entering the pit was unsafe and went for help.
Firefighters equipped with self-contained
breathing apparatus were on the scene within a
few minutes. They entered the second valve pit,
discharged oxygen from cylinders to increase the
oxygen level and retrieved the victims. Both
victims died shortly afterward, asphyxiated due
to oxygen deprivation. The accident report noted
that the oxygen level at a valve pit two miles
downstream from the scene of the accident was
only three percent!
Explosion in Puerto Rico
Workers at a refinery in Puerto Rico were
cleaning a large storage tank. Since it had last
been cleaned, the tank had been used at various
times to store gasoline, gas oil, and light and
heavy crude oils. The employer expected that the
tank would contain residues from these liquids.
The procedures, tools, and all other
equipment to be used for entry were prepared by
the parent company, not by the refinery. Under
the terms of the entry permit, workers were
required to use air-supplying respirators,
lifelines, explosive-proof lighting, and were
also required to test the atmosphere for
flammable conditions before and during entry.
However, no one at the refinery had been made
accountable for compliance with the
permit. Employee accounts indicate that refinery
management originally followed permit procedures
but largely ignored them the day of the incident.
For example, even though it was known that the
work could generate a flammable atmosphere and
that only explosion-proof lighting was allowed
where a flammable atmosphere could exist, only
two of the twelve lamps illuminating the inside
of the tank were explosion-proof no lifelines
were available and no atmospheric monitoring was
done. Five employees were in the tank when it
exploded and burned briefly. The workers outside
the tank were unable to help them. The fire
burned out in just seconds, but by then four of
the workers were dead. The fifth entrant died of
massive respiratory injuries several days later.
Town mourns farmers killed in manure pit
Menominee, Mich. - Five farmers who died trying
to save one another in a manure pit were buried
Saturday as the family grappled with running the
100-year-old dairy. The five were overcome by
methane fumes Wednesday morning trying to save
each other at the Theuerkauf family dairy barn in
Menominee County. Sheriff's officials believe
Hofer, a farm employee, went into the pit first -
perhaps to clear a drain - and collapsed after
breathing the fumes, which are produced by
manure. Each one followed to rescue the man
before, until all had died. There was about a
foot of manure in the 12-foot deep pit.
Rescuers account for over 60 of all confined
space fatalities!
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A quick reference to the Permit-Required Confined
Space Standard
No
Does workplace contain PRCS? (b)
Consult other OSHA Standards.
Stop
Yes
Inform Employees. (c)(2)
No
Will PRCS be entered?
Prevent employee entry. (c)(3) Do task from
outside of space.
Yes
Yes
Inform contractor. (c)(8) Contractor obtains
information. (c)(9)
Will Contractors enter?
No
No
Both contractor and host employees enter.
Will host employees enter?
Yes
Coordinate entry operations. (c)(8), (d)(11)
Prevent unauthorized entry.
Yes
No
Prevent unauthorized entry.
Stop
No
Does space have known or potential hazards?
Not a PRCS. Consult other OSHA standards.
Yes
Yes
Can hazards be eliminated?
May reclassify space as non-PRCS. (c)(7)
Stop1
No
Can space be maintained safe using continuous
forced air only?
Yes
Space may be entered under (c)(5).
Stop1
No
Prepare for entry using permit procedures.
Permit not valid until conditions meet permit
specifications.
No
Verify acceptable entry conditions.
Yes
Issue permit. Maintain acceptable entry
conditions throughout entry.
No
Emergency exists (prohibited condition). Entrants
evacuated, entry aborted. Call rescuers if
needed. Permit is void. Reevaluate program to
correct/prevent prohibited condition. No entry
until program corrections completed. May require
a new program.
Yes
Entry tasks completed. Return and cancel permit.
Audit permit program
1 Spaces may have to be evacuated and
re-evaluated if hazards arise during entry.
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Evaluate Your Workplace
1. Does the workplace contain confined spaces?
A confined space is...

• Large enough for whole _____ to enter and work,
  and
• Has ________ entry or exit, and
• Is not _________ for continuous occupancy.

What is meant by limited or restricted entry and
exit?
What is meant by not designed for continuous
occupancy?
1910.146 (b) Definitions
Non-permit required confined spaces are confined
spaces that do not contain or, with respect to
atmospheric hazards, have the potential to
contain any hazard capable of causing death or
serious physical harm.
Examples Tanks Degreasers Pits Vats Trenches Sil
os Boilers Tubs Manholes Vaults Hoppers Vessels Bi
ns Pipes
2. Does the workplace contain permit-required




confined spaces?
A permit-required confined space is a confined
space that contains one or more of the following
characteristics ...

• Contains or potentially contains a hazardous
  a__________, or
• Has potential for e__________, or
• Has dangerous c_____________, or
• Contains any other serious safety or health
  ________.

If not a confined space, other rules may still
apply such as Hazard Communication,
Lockout/Tagout, Personal Protective Equipment,
Welding, etc.
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1. Oxygen Level too high or too low?
Evaluating Permit-Required Confined Space Hazards
Hazardous Atmospheres
Its the most dangerous atmospheric hazard
because you cant see it or feel it.
23.5 and above High 20.8 - 21
Normal 19.5 and below Deficient
Atmospheric conditions in a confined space can
change greatly within a few minutes. Why
would too much oxygen be hazardous? How could
you have too much oxygen? What are some causes
or indications of possibly having a deficient
oxygen atmosphere inside a space?
Dangers of Low Oxygen Levels
16 - 12 O2 in Air
Deep breathing, fast heartbeat, poor attention,
poor thinking, poor coordination
14 - 10 O2 in Air
Faulty judgment, intermittent breathing, rapid
fatigue (possibly causing heart damage), very
poor coordination, lips turning blue
10 or less O2 in Air
Nausea (vomiting), loss of movement,
loss of consciousness followed by death
Less than 6 O2 in Air
Spasmodic breathing, convulsive movement,
death in approx. eight minutes Coma in 40
seconds
4 - 6 O2 in Air
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2. Flammable/Explosive Gases,Vapors, or Mists
Hazardous if it exceeds 10 of its lower
flammable limit (LFL)
Lower flammable limit (LFL), or lower explosive
limit (LEL), is the lowest concentration of
air-fuel mixture at which a gas or vapor can
ignite. Upper flammable limit (UFL), or upper
explosive limit (UEL), is the highest
concentration of air-fuel mixture that can be
ignited.
Non-Flammable Region
Upper Flammable Limit (UFL)
Vapor Pressure Curve
Flammable Region
Lower Flammable Limit (LFL)
Non-Flammable Region
Vapor Conc. in Air
10 LFL
Flash Point
Temperature
Vapor pressure, temperature diagram shows the
relationship among upper and lower flammable
(explosive) limits, flammable and non-flammable
regions, flashpoint, and vapor pressure curve.
This diagram shows what happens to a vapor/air
mixture as concentrations and temperature vary.

• Check your material safety data sheets or other
  resources for the chemicals LFL UFL!
• 10 of the LFL is used because a space may have
  pockets of higher fuel concentration. Also, a
  space may contain a flammable which is lower than
  its LFL (too lean) but if more fuel is added,
  the concentration of fuel may quickly reach its
  flammable range. Furthermore, a space may
  contain a flammable which is above its UFL (too
  rich) but when ventilated and diluted, the
  concentration of fuel may be lowered to its
  flammable range.

Ignition
Airborne Combustible Dust
Explosive when concentration is between the LEL
UEL!
What are some sources of fuel (gas, vapor, dust)?
Fuel
Oxygen
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3. Toxic Substances
Air Contaminants Dusts - Generated by crushing
solids. Fumes - Small particles created by
condensation from vapor state, especially
volatized metals. Mists - Suspended liquid
particles formed by condensation from gaseous
state or by dispersion of liquids. Smoke -
Aerosol mixture from incomplete combustion of
organic matter. Vapors - Gaseous forms of
materials that are liquids or solids at room
temperature. Many solvents generate vapors.
Gases - Materials that do not normally exist as
solids or liquids at room temperature, such as
carbon monoxide and ammonia.
Hazardous if they exceed doses or
permissible exposure limits (PEL) published in

• OR-OSHA Division 2 Subdivisions G Z
• Refer to your material safety data sheets for
  chemical-specific toxicity characteristics,
  health hazards, reactivity hazards, etc.
• OR-OSHAs Resource Center has access to
  thousands of MSDSs!
• Other sources of exposure limits include
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical
  Hazards http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npg.html
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial
  Hygienists
  
  
  
  (ACGIH) for Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
• www.acgih.org

Permissible
Exposure Limit (PPM)
Substance
Carbon Dioxide 5,000 Carbon
Monoxide 50
Hydrogen Sulfide 20
Methane
1,000 Nitric Oxide
25 Oxygen diflouride
0.05 Phosgene (carbonyl chloride)
0.1 Sulfur Dioxide
5 Stoddard Solvent 200
What are some other toxic substances?
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Engulfment
Engulfment The surrounding and effective capture
of a person by a liquid or finely divided
(flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated
to cause death by filling or plugging the
respiratory system or that can exert enough force
on the body to cause death by strangulation,
constriction, or crushing.
Can an engulfment hazard be isolated?
Isolation means the process by which a permit
space is removed from service and completely
protected against the release of energy and
material into the space.
Isolating the confined space can include

• Locking out all sources of energy
• Misaligning or removing sections of pipe,
  lines, or ducts
• Blanking or blinding lines
• Double block and bleeding lines
• Blocking, securing, or disconnecting mechanical
  energy

Hazardous Configuration
Hazardous Configuration The permit space has
an internal configuration such that an entrant
can be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly
converging walls or by a floor that slopes
downward and tapers to smaller cross-section.
The best practice of controlling this hazard is
eliminating the hazardous configuration by
redesign or installing an effective, permanent
barrier or guard to prevent a worker from falling
and becoming trapped. For example, the use of
personal fall protection would not eliminate a
fall hazard but rather act as a form of hazard
control.
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Any Other Recognized Serious Safety or Health
Hazard
Energized Electrical Equipment
Unguarded Mechanical Equipment
Biohazards
Noise
Radiation
Any Others?
Once you have evaluated and identified the
permit-required confined spaces at your
workplace, inform employees through signs and/or
other equally effective means.
Note Signs, or other equally effective means of
informing, are required even if employees will
not enter.
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry
How is PRCS entry defined? When any part of
the body breaks the plane of the opening in a
permit required confined space.
If permit-required confined spaces will not be
entered, you must still take all measures to
prevent entry! How?
Responsibility
When contractors enter your permit spaces
Employer

• Ensure compliance with permit space program
• Hazards of the permit space
• Precautions and procedures
• Coordinate entry operations (if conducted)
• Debrief when completed (hazards found or
  created)

Contractor

• Obtain information about permit space hazards
  entry operations
• Coordinate entry operations (if conducted)
• Brief employer on permit space program being
  used
• Debrief employer on hazards confronted or
  created

What does this basically involve?
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Quick Quiz (actually a recap)!
The three characteristics of a confined space are

• Large enough for whole _____ to enter and work,
  and
• Has ________ entry or exit, and
• Is not _________ for continuous occupancy.

A permit-required confined space is a confined
space plus one or more of the following four
characteristics

• Contains or potentially contains a hazardous
  a______________, or
• Has potential for e__________, or
• Has dangerous c_____________, or
• Contains any other serious safety or health
  _______.

What is basically involved when using
contractors? S_____ I____________! What are
the hazardous atmospheres as discussed in this
standard? Hazardous 1. O______ levels
2. F___________ levels 3. T______
levels Name one other recognized serious
safety or health hazard Name one cause or
indication of a suspected oxygen deficient
atmosphere Where can you learn specific
hazardous characteristics of chemicals? A. The
chemicals MSDS B. National Public
Radio C. Label on
container Name an engulfment hazard What is
hazardous configuration?
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When your Employees enter Permit-Required
Confined Spaces
1. Can the hazard(s) which made the space a
permit space be eliminated? If YES
The space can be reclassified as a
nonpermit-required space. This is when the space
has no actual or potential atmospheric hazards
and when all other hazards (i.e. engulfment,
configuration, noise, etc.) are eliminated
without entering the space. If its necessary to
enter the permit space to eliminate the hazards,
the entry must be in full compliance with the
permit-required confined space standard. There
must be documentation detailing that the hazards
were eliminated. The certification must contain
the date, location of the space, and signature of
the person certifying and must be available to
all entrants or their representative. If hazards
arise during entry into a reclassified space, the
entrant must exit immediately and the space must
be reevaluated!

• If NO Prepare for permit entry
  or consider another question
• 2. Is the only hazard of the permit space an
  actual or potential atmospheric
  
  
  
  hazard?
• If NO Entry made under the
  permit system only.
• If YES You can follow the
  alternative (c)(5) procedures!
• Before we discuss these (c)(5) procedures
• Control of the atmospheric hazard through
  forced air ventilation does not constitute
  elimination of the hazard.
• When following these (c)(5) procedures
  exclusively, the employer is not required to
  develop a permit entry system, establish an entry
  team, or provide a rescue system. Of course,
  these elements are required when entering permit
  spaces through the permit system.

Note Telecommunications workers have specific
entry procedures in OAR 437 Div 2/R.
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When your Employees enter Permit-Required
Confined Spaces
The alternative (c)(5) procedures are allowed
when...

• Verification is made that using
  continuous forced air ventilation is safe
• Monitoring and inspection data supports
  the atmospheric hazard is the only hazard and
  the forced air ventilation is effective
• Data is documented and made available to
  entrants
• Remember - if entry must be made to conduct
  initial monitoring and inspection, full
  compliance with the standard must be met.

And once the above are met.

• Ensure safety before removing a cover and guard
  opening immediately
• Test internal atmosphere (O,F,T) - observation
  available to entrant
• Continuous forced air ventilation
• Atmosphere periodically tested - observation
  available to entrant
• Evacuate immediately if necessary and evaluate
  what went wrong
• Verify these procedures were conducted through
  a written certification
• The certification must contain the date,
  location of the space, and the signature of the
  person making the verification. This
  certification must be made before entry and made
  available to the entrant or his/her
  representative.

More on the Alternative (c)(5) Procedures...

• and more on continuous forced air ventilation
  (FAV)
• No entry until FAV has eliminated any hazardous
  atmosphere
• Direct FAV to ventilate immediate work area and
  areas where the entrant will likely be (be
  aware of pockets within the space)
• FAV must continue until all workers have left
  the space
• FAV must have clean source
• FAV must not increase the hazards in the space

These procedures must be followed to a T
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When your Employees enter Permit-Required
Confined Spaces
Ventilating Confined Spaces
Not Recommended
Recommended
Can natural ventilation be used? Is purging a
space exclusively with an inert gas considered
adequate ventilation?
Ventilation Equipment Blowers fans provide
mechanical dilution ventilation. Be sure the
blower is appropriately sized, explosion-proof,
and its intake is placed far enough away from any
source of contamination - like an exhaust pipe on
a vehicle! A space under positive pressure will
eventually expel the contaminant through an
opening but how long will it take? Thats the
question. Localized exhaust ventilation is
better suited to capture fumes (welding), dust,
and chemical contaminants.
Remember, ventilation must be continuous during
entry!
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When your Employees enter Permit-Required
Confined Spaces
Air Monitoring Equipment
Initially and during entry. Test for (1)
Oxygen (2) Flammables and (3) Toxins.
Detector Tubes

• Sealed glass tubes
• Crystals react with airborne chemicals
• Reaction results in color change
• Specific for the substance of concern

Gas Detection Instruments

• Sensors measure concentrations
• Results in a meter or digital reading alarms
• Portable multi-gas instruments
• Accurate

The individual conducting the atmospheric testing
must be competent in the actual use
(placement, space stratification, etc.),
maintenance, limitations (cross-sensitivity
interference of chemicals), calibration, and
proper selection of the appropriate instrument.
Be sure to read the manufacturer's specifications.
Sampling
Methane 0.55 Ammonia
0.59 Carbon Monoxide 0.96 Nitrogen
0.97 Air 1.0 Hydrogen Sulfide
1.2 Carbon Dioxide 1.5 Gasoline
3- 4 Jet Fuel, JP-8 4.7
Lighter than air gases
Heavier than air gases
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The entry permit system...
When your Employees enter Permit-Required
Confined Spaces
An entry permit system must be established when
spaces cannot be reclassified or alternative
procedures cannot be used. The permit system
simply ensures that all means, practices, and
procedures necessary for safe permit space entry
has been conducted. The completed permit must be
made available to the entrants or their
authorized representatives by posting or other
effective means. The duration of the permit must
not exceed the time required to accomplish the
identified task. The permit must be immediately
canceled when the entry operations have been
completed or a condition not allowed under the
entry permit arises in or around the permit
space. Cancelled permits must be retained for
one year to assist in evaluating the permit space
program. Any problems during entry must be noted
on the respective permit so this annual review
can be effective!

• The intent of this permit system is to manage
  your permit-required confined space program. The
  items on the permit address the components of
  your written plan to ensure safety and health of
  all involved!
• What is the written plan?
• The measures implement to prevent unauthorized
  entry
• The identification evaluation of all permit
  space hazards prior to entry
• The development implementation of safe entry
  operations
• Providing and maintaining all necessary
  equipment (PPE, monitors, etc.)
• Evaluating permit space conditions before
  during entry operations
• Providing at least one attendant developing
  procedures for multiple spaces
• Designating and training all persons who have
  active roles
• Developing and implementing rescue emergency
  procedures
• Developing and implementing the entry permit
  procedures (issue, use, cancel)
• Coordinating multi-employer entry procedures
• Developing procedures for concluding the entry
  (closing off the space)
• The review evaluation of entry operations
  during the year (as needed)
• The annual permit space program review using
  the historic permits

What should be your goal of this written plan?
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The entry permit system...
When your Employees enter Permit-Required
Confined Spaces
The Permit!
The entry permit must document 1. Permit
space to be entered 2. Purpose of the
entry 3. Date duration of the entry
permit 4. Authorized entrants
5. Attendants 6. Entry supervisor and place
for signature 7. Hazards of the permit
space 8. Isolation measures - hazard
controls (purging, ventilating, etc.) 9. The
acceptable entry conditions 10. Test results
(initial/periodic) with initials/name of tester
time 11. Rescue/emergency services available
and means to summon 12. Communication
procedures between entrant and attendant 13. All
necessary equipment (PPE, Testing/Communication
equipment, etc.) 14. Other necessary
information 15. Any additional permits (hot
work, etc.).
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The Attendant
When your Employees enter Permit-Required
Confined Spaces
Remember! The permit is not valid until all
conditions are met.
The entry team and their roles...
The Entry Supervisor

• Knows the hazard(s), symptoms, and
  consequences!
• Verifies the permit by determining if
  acceptable entry conditions exist
• Authorizes entry
• Oversees entry operations
• Terminates entry
• Verifies rescue services
• Removes unauthorized individuals
• Serves as attendant (if necessary)

• Knows the hazard(s), symptoms, and
  consequences!
• Aware of potential behavioral effects
• Monitors entrants maintains count
• Monitors hazards and activities in and outside
  of the permit space
• Remains outside entry point
• Communicates with entrant(s)
• Controls entry point
• Summons rescuers
• Initiates/performs non-entry rescue if required

The Entrant

• Knows the hazard(s), symptoms, and
  consequences!
• Uses equipment properly
• Communicates regularly with the attendant
• If the unexpected occurs - alert the attendant
• Exits immediately if hazard(s) develops

The entrant(s) and/or their authorized
representative must be given the opportunity to
observe the atmospheric testing and completion of
the permit.
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Equipment for Permit-Required Confined Space Entry

• Ventilating
• Testing and monitoring
• Personal protection (PPE)
• Communication
• Lighting
• Barriers
• Isolating devices

Respirators may be required to enter a confined
space safely. Respirators must be worn to enter
a space with an oxygen deficiency or toxic
chemical levels above the PEL. A supplied air
respirator is required for oxygen deficiency or
toxic chemical levels that are immediately
dangerous to life or health (IDLH). An
air-purifying respirator (respirators that filter
contaminated air) cannot be used in these
atmospheres. Employees must have complete
training on the proper use of respirators.
Employees must also be medically evaluated to
make sure they can safely wear respirators.
Please refer to OR-OSHA Div 2/Sub I 29 CFR
1910.134 for more details.
Rescue and Emergency Services more on pp.
J-58 J-79 in Appendix
Three options to permit-required confined space
rescue 1. Arrange for rescue service from an
outside source. Evaluate their ability to
respond in a timely manner considering the
hazard(s) evaluated and proficiency with
rescue-related tasks and equipment. 2. Arrange
for your own employees to provide
rescue. Provide necessary PPE and training in
the PPE training in their assigned rescue
duties training in first aid CPR practice
simulated permit space rescues at least annually
in respective spaces using manikins or actual
persons. 3. Provide for non-entry
rescue. Provide necessary retrieval equipment
such as a full body harness and a mechanical
device when permit space depths are more than
five feet. If a chemical is involved during an
emergency, provide the necessary MSDS immediately!
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Training
All employees who work in and around
permit-required confined spaces must be trained
in order to acquire the understanding, knowledge,
and skills necessary to safely perform their
assigned duties.

• Training must be provided to each affected
  employee
• before their first assigned duty
• before there is a change in assigned duties
• whenever there is a change in permit space
  operations and the affected employee(s) has not
  previously been trained on the hazard(s)
• whenever there is reason to believe there are
  deviations from the permit space entry
  procedures or inadequacies in the employee's
  knowledge or use of the procedures

• Training must establish worker proficiency and
  include new or revised procedures to ensure
  compliance with permit space standards. Be sure
  to include a demonstration!
• The content of the training must include
• Nature of the hazards
• Procedures to take when exposed to hazards
• Use of rescue and emergency equipment
• Verify the appropriate training was completed
  through a written certification. The
  certification must contain each employees name,
  the signature(s) of the trainers, and the date(s)
  of the training.

Should you include more on the training record?
21
Appendices
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CONFINED SPACE AND PRCS RECOGNITION
CHECKLIST PART I ____ 1. Is the space large
enough so an employee can bodily enter and
perform work? ____ 2. Does the space have
limited or restricted means of entry and exit?
____ 3. Is the space not designed for
continuous occupancy? If the answer is yes to
all items in Part I, continue to Part II. If the
answer is no to any of the items in Part I, the
space is not considered a confined space. PART
II ____ 1. Does the space contain or potentially
contain a hazardous atmosphere? ____ 2. Does
the space contain any chemicals or chemical
residues? ____ 3. Does the space contain any
flammable/combustible substances? ____ 4. Does
the space contain or potentially contain any
decomposing organic matter? ____ 5. Does
the space have any pipes which bring chemicals
into it? ____ 6. Does the space have any
materials that can trap or potentially trap,
engulf, or drown an entrant? ____ 7. Is
vision obscured by dust at 5 feet or less? ____
8. Does the space contain any mechanical
equipment servicing the space? ____ 9. Does the
space have converging walls, sloped floors or
tapered floor to smaller cross-sections which
could trap or asphyxiate an entrant? ____ 10.
Does the tank or vessel contain rusted interior
surfaces? ____ 11. Does the space contain
thermal hazards (e.g. cold, hot)? ____ 12. Does
the space contain excessive noise levels which
could interfere with communication with an
attendant? ____ 13. Does the space present any
slip, trip, or fall hazards? ____ 14. Are there
any operations conducted near the space opening
which could present a hazard to the
entrant? ____ 15. Are there any hazards from
falling objects?
24
____ 16. Are there lines under pressure
servicing the space? ____ 17. Are cleaning
solvents or paints going to be used in the space?
____ 18. Is welding, cutting, brazing,
riveting, scraping, or sanding going to be
performed in the space? ____ 19. Is electrical
equipment located in or required to be used in
the space? ____ 20. Does the space have
poor natural ventilation which would allow
an atmospheric hazard to develop? ____ 21. Are
there any corrosives which could irritate the
eyes in the space? ____ 22. Are there
any conditions which could prevent any entrants
self rescue from the space? ____ 23. Are
there any substances used in the space which have
acute hazards? ____ 24. Is mechanical
ventilation needed to maintain a safe
environment? ____ 25. Is air monitoring
necessary to ensure the space is safe for entry
due to a potential hazardous atmosphere?
____ 26. Will entry be made into a diked area
where the dike is 5 feet or more in height?
____ 27. Are residues going to be scraped off
the interior surfaces of the vessel? ____
28. Are non-sparking tools required to remove
residues? ____ 29. Does the space restrict
mobility to the extent that it could trap an
irritant? ____ 30. Is respiratory protection
required because of a hazardous
atmosphere? ____ 31. Does the space present a
hazard other than those noted above which
would make it a permit space? If any other
questions in PART II have been checked yes, the
confined space is a Permit-Required Confined
Space (PRCS). As such, entry into these spaces
must be performed under the protection of your
PRCS program. Note In some situations,
alternative procedures or reclassifying to a
non-PRCS may be possible in lieu of a full PRCS
program.
25
A Sample Permit
XYZ Inc., Confined Space Entry Permit (Example)
Date Time Issued _______________
Date Time Expires ____________________ Job
site/space I.D. _______________
Job Supervisor ____________________
Equipment to be worked on _______________ Work
to be performed ____________________ Entrants
__________________________ _____________________
_______________________ Stand-by personnel
_________________ _____________________
_______________________
1. Atmospheric checks Time _______
Oxygen _______ Explosive _______ LFL
Toxic _______ PPM 2. Testers signature
_______________________ 3. Source isolation (No
Entry) NA Yes No Pumps or
lines blinded, ___ ___ ___
disconnected or blocked 4. Ventilation
Modification Mechanical ___ ___
___ Natural Ventilation only ___
___ ___ 5. Atmospheric check after
isolation and ventilation Time _______
Oxygen _______ gt
19.5 Explosive _______LFL lt 10 Toxic
_______PPM lt 10 PPM H2S Testers
signature ______________________ 6.
Communication procedures _______________ _________
_______________________________ 7. Rescue
procedures _____________________ _______________
_________________________ ________________________
________________
8. Entry, standby, backup persons Training
completed? Yes ___ No ___ Training
current? Yes ___ No ___ 9. Equipment
NA Yes No Direct
reading gas monitor tested?
___ ___ ___ Safety
harnesses/lifelines for entrants/standby
crew? ___ ___ ___ Hoists
___ ___ ___
Powered communications? ___ ___ ___
SCBAs for entrants and standby crew?
___ ___ ___
Protective clothing? ___ ___
___ All electric equipment listed
Class I, Div I, Group D and non-spark
producing? ___ ___ ___ 10. Periodic
atmospheric tests Time ____O2 ___ Explosive
___ Toxic ___ Time ____O2 ___ Explosive ___
Toxic ___ Time ____O2 ___ Explosive ___ Toxic
___ Time ____O2 ___ Explosive ___ Toxic ___
Time ____O2 ___ Explosive ___ Toxic ___ Time
____O2 ___ Explosive ___ Toxic ___ Time
____O2 ___ Explosive ___ Toxic ___ Time
____O2 ___ Explosive ___ Toxic ___ Time
____O2 ___ Explosive ___ Toxic ___
We have reviewed the work authorized by this
permit and the information contained herein.
Written instructions and safety procedures have
been received and are understood. Entry cannot
be approved if any column is marked no. This
permit is not valid unless all appropriate items
are completed. Permit prepared by
(Supervisor) ________________________
___________________________ Approved by (Unit
Supervisor) ________________________
___________________________ Reviewed by (CS Ops
Personnel) ________________________
___________________________

(Printed Name)
(Signature)
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Department of Consumer and Business
Services Oregon Occupational Safety and Health
Division (OR-OSHA) Public Education Workshop
Evaluation Class Title ________________________
____________ Date ______________ Instructor
_____________________
How did you learn about this workshop? (Please
check only ONE) 1. Brochure/Flyer ________ 2.
Web site ________ 3. Consultant
________ 4. TV/Radio ________ 5.
Newspaper ________ 6. Association ________ 7.
Other _________________________________________
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OR-OSHA 215
Confined Space Safety
Presented by the Public Education
Section Department of Business and Consumer
Business Oregon OSHA
0106

29
OR-OSHA Mission Statement To advance and improve
workplace safety and health for all workers in
Oregon.
Consultative Services Offers no-cost on-site
safety and health assistance to help Oregon
employers recognize and correct safety and health
problems in their workplaces. Provides
consultations in the areas of safety, industrial
hygiene, ergonomics, occupational safety and
health programs, new-business assistance, the
Safety and Health Achievement Recognition Program
(SHARP), and the Voluntary Protection Program
(VPP). Enforcement Offers pre-job conferences
for mobile employers in industries such as
logging and construction. Provides abatement
assistance to employers who have received
citations and provides compliance and technical
assistance by phone. Inspects places of
employment for occupational safety and health
rule violations and investigates workplace safety
and health complaints and accidents. Appeals,
Informal Conferences Provides the opportunity
for employers to hold informal meetings with
OR-OSHA on workplace safety and health
concerns. Discusses OR-OSHAs requirements and
clarifies workplace safety or health
violations. Discusses abatement dates and
negotiates settlement agreements to resolve
disputed citations. Standards Technical
Resources Develops, interprets, and provides
technical advice on safety and health
standards. Provides copies of all OR-OSHA
occupational safety and health standards.
Publishes booklets, pamphlets, and other
materials to assist in the implementation of
safety and health standards and programs.
Operates a Resource Center containing books,
topical files, technical periodicals, a video and
film lending library, and more than 200
databases. Public Education Conferences
Conducts conferences, seminars, workshops, and
rule forums. Presents many workshops that
introduce managers, supervisors, safety committee
members, and others to occupational safety and
health requirements, technical programs, and
safety and health management concepts.

• Additional Public Education Services
• Safety for Small Business workshops
• Interactive Internet courses
• Professional Development Certificates
• On-site training requests
• Access workshop materials
• Spanish training aids
• Training and Education Grants
• Continuing Education Units/Credit Hours
• For more information on Public Education
  services, please call [phone] Option 2

Go online to check out our Professional
Development Certificate Program!
Portland Field Office [phone] Salem
Field Office [phone] Eugene Field
Office [phone] Medford Field Office
[phone] Bend Field Office (541)
388-6066 Pendleton Field Office [phone]
Salem Central Office [phone] or
[phone] Web Site www.orosha.org
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