Leading MIS Researchers

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Leading MIS Researchers Watershed Papers

• Students of MIS 696a
• December 11, 2002

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Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Section I Database
• Section II Systems Analysis
• Section III Collaboration Communication
• Section IV Economics of Informatics
• Section V HCI Psychology
• Section VI KM, AI, IR
• Section VII Operations Research
• Section VIII Policy, Ethics, Social Issues
• Section IX Workflow
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• What is our objective?
• What do we hope to accomplish?

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Section I Database
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Database Overview

• Databases permeate almost every aspect of
  information systems
• Fueled an industry estimated at over 10 billion
  in the U.S. alone
• Database research underlies fundamental
  advancements in a host of civilian and defense
  applications, as well as progress in fields
  ranging from computer science to biology

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Database Seminal Researchers

• E.F. Codd
• A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data
  Banks. Communications of the ACM, 13(6)377-387,
  1970.
• Peter Pin-Shan Chen
• The Entity-Relationship Model Toward a unified
  view of data. TODS, 1(1)9--36, 1976.

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Database Other Important Work

• Michael Stonebraker
• The design and implementation of INGRES. ACM,
  1(3)189-122, 1976
• Operating System Support for Database Management.
  Commun. ACM 24, (July 1981), pp. 412-418.
• Won Kim
• Integrating an object-oriented programming system
  with a database system, ACM Conference
  Proceedings, 142-152, 1988
• Querying object-oriented databases. In
  Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD, 1992.

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Database Other Important Work (contd)

• Salvatore T. March
• Allocating Data and Operations to Nodes in
  Distributed Database Design. IEEE Transactions in
  Knowledge and Data Engineering, 72, 305-317.
• Sudha Ram
• Heterogeneous Distributed Database Systems. IEEE
  Computer, 24(12), 7-11

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Database Future Outlook

• Databases, though mature and commercialized
  still have much to offer
• Some Future Research Directions
• Tools do perform rule validation and debugging
• Extensions of Spatio-Temporal Data Storage
  Research
• Storage and Retrieval of large, complex data
  types
• Parallel Query Processing Optimization
• Integration and Security of Heterogeneous,
  Distributed Databases

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Section II Systems Analysis
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Systems Analysis Motivation

• The whole is more than the sum of its parts
• - Arsitotle, Metaphysica

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Systems Analysis First Formal Notion

• Systems Analysis and Design first proposed as a
  formal discipline in 1930s
• There exists models, principles, and laws that
  apply to general systems irrespective of the
  relations or forces between them.
• - Ludwig von Bertalanffy
• General Systems Theory. Foundations,
  Development, Applications.

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Systems Analysis Key Components

• Mathematic Systems Theory
• rigorous deductions and confirmation (or
  refusal) of theory.
• Systems Technology
• vast realm of techniques, models, and so
  forth
• Systems Philosophy
• an organismic outlook of the world as a great
  organization

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Systems Analysis Structured Analysis

• Logical representation of the System
• Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD)
• Data Flow Diagram (DFD) used to represent the
  key processes of the system
• Control Flow Diagram (CFD)
• State Activity Diagram

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Systems Analysis Object Oriented Analysis

• Models the computer to reality instead of reality
  to the computer
• Combines data and processes into objects, which
  are then turned into software.
• Even more easily understood that structured
  analysis by non-technical stakeholders
• O-O invented by Ole Johan Dahl and Kristen
  Nygaard (University of Oslo, Norway)
• Simula first O-O programming language

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Systems Analysis O-O Benefits

• Can model more complex applications
• Software has less bugs
• O-O based software can be reused so easier to
  modify
• Unified Modeling Language (UML) facilitates use
  of O-O analysis and design
• UML developed by Booch Jacobsen and Rumbaugh

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Systems Analysis Future Trends

• Need to develop more formal (mathematical)
  methods to ensure consistency between software
  objects
• Especially important for the development and
  maintenance of complex distributed systems

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Section III Collaboration Technology
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Collaboration Technology Overview

• What is a Collaborative Tool or GDSS?
• An interactive computer-based system which
  facilitates solution of unstructured problems by
  a set of decision makers working together as a
  group
• - DeSanctis and Gallupe (1971)

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Collaboration Technology Key Researchers

• Michael S. Scott Morton
• Jay Nunamaker
• Judith Olson
• Murray Turoff
• Gerardine DeSanctis
• R. Brent Gallupe
• Douglas Vogel
• Sirkka Jarvenpaa
• Wanda Orlikowski
• Sara Kiesler

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Collaboration Technology Significant
Contributions

• Michael S. Scott Morton
• Morton, M.S.S. and Keen, P.G.W. Decision support
  systems an organizational perspective.
  Addison-Wesley, Boston, (1978).
• Morton, M.S.S. editor, The corporation of the
  1990s Information technology and organizational
  transformation. Oxford University Press, (1991).
• Jay Nunamaker
• Nunamaker, J.F., Jr. Dennis, A.R. Valacich,
  J.S. Vogel, D.R. and George, J.F. Electronic
  meeting systems to support group work.
  Communications of the ACM, 34, 7 (July 1991),
  40-61.
• Nunamaker, J.F., Jr Chen, M. and Purdin, T.D.M.
  Systems development in information systems
  research. Journal of Management Information
  Systems, 7, 3 (Winter 1990-91), 89-106.
• Nunamaker, J.F., Jr. Briggs, R.O. Mittleman,
  D.D. Vogel, D.R. and Balthazard, P.A. Lessons
  from a dozen years of group support systems
  research a discussion of lab and field findings.
  Journal of Management Information Systems, 13, 3
  (Winter 1996-97), 163-207.

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Collaboration Technology Significant
Contributions

• Murray Turoff
• Turoff, M. Delphi and it potential impact on
  information systems. AFIPS Conference
  Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference, 39,
  (1971), 317-326.
• Turoff, M. Computer mediated communication
  requirements for group support. Journal of
  Organizational Computing, 1, (1991), 85-113.
• Gerardine DeSanctis
• DeSanctis, G. and Gallupe, R.B. A foundation for
  the study of group decision support systems.
  Management Science, 33, 5 (1987), 589-609.
• DeSanctis, G. and Gallupe, R.B. Group decision
  support systems a new frontier. Data Base, 16, 2
  (1985), 2-10.
• R. Brent Gallupe
• Gallupe, R.B. Dennis, A.R. Cooper, W.H.
  Valacich, J.S. Bastinutti, L.M. and Nunamaker,
  J.F., Jr. Electronic brainstorming and group
  size. Academy of Management Journal, 35, (1992),
  350-369.
• Gallupe, R.B. Images of information systems in
  the early 21st century. Communications of the
  Association for Information Systems, 3, 3 (2000),
  2-16.

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Collaboration Technology Significant
Contributions

• Sirkka Jarvenpaa
• Jarvenpaa, S.L. Knoll, K. and Leidner, D.E. Is
  anybody out there? Antecedents of trust in global
  virtual teams. Journal of Management Information
  Systems, 14, 4 (Spring 1998), 29-64.
• Wanda Orlikowski
• Yates, J. and Orlikowski, W.J. Genres of
  organizational communication A structural
  approach to studying communication and media.
  Academy of Management Review, 17, 2 (1992),
  299-326.
• Orlikowski, W.J. Improvising organizational
  transformation over time a situated change
  perspective. Information Systems Research, 7, 1
  (1996), 63-67.
• Orlikowski, W.J. Using technology and
  constituting structures a practice lens for
  studying technology in organizations.
  Organization Science, 11, 4 (2000), 404-428.

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Collaboration Technology Future of Collaboration

• GSS without language barriers
• Need for bridging the semantic gap
• Distributed Collaboration
• Facilitation problems
• Trust, awareness for effective collaboration
• Virtual Organizations

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Section IV Economics of Informatics and IT
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Economics of Informatics ITPresent Situation

• There is a broad spectrum of work going on
  involving the Economics of Informatics. For
  simplicities sake, weve broken it out into three
  broad categories
• The Economics of Informatics The Business
  Perspective,
• The Economics of Informatics The Market
  Perspective, and
• The Economics of Informatics The Developers
  Perspective.
• These categories effectively cover the breadth of
  research. We did not use the term e-Commerce as
  it both includes other aspects of MIS and is
  poorly defined at best.

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Economics of Informatics The Business
Perspective The 80s

• The exploration of the Economics if Informatics
  in business was truly launched in 1985 by Haim
  Mendelson and his seminal paper on Pricing
  Computer Services.
• Pricing Computer Services Queuing Effects.
• Haim analyzed the economic costs of delays in
  data processing, and queuing, in a business
  context to evaluate the tradeoffs being made
  between information technology investments and
  internal business service levels.
• This was rapidly followed by a 1986 paper from
  Timothy Bresnahan
• Measuring The Spillovers From Technical Advance
  - Mainframe Computers In Financial Services
• Bresnahan sought to measure the social gains of
  Information Technology. By analyzing the demand
  curve and the willingness to pay for the
  high-speed computers used in financial services,
  he inferred the social gains computers and
  information technology could generate.

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Economics of Informatics The Business
Perspective The 90s

• Early on it was difficult to quantify the
  economic advantages of IT Investments. Eric
  Clemons addressed alternative evaluation criteria
  in
• Evaluation of Strategic Investments in
  Information Technology
• The 90s saw an increasing tempo of activity, and
  the emergence of the Productivity Paradox
• Robert Solow, a Nobel Prize-winning economist,
  said we see computers everywhere, except in
  productivity statistics. This, despite spiraling
  investments is the productivity paradox."
• This observation was addressed by a number works,
  which refuted the finding at the firm level
• 1993 Eric Brynjolsson wrote The Productivity
  Paradox of Information Technology,
• 1995 Tridas Mukhopadhyay, Charles H. Kriebel, and
  Anitesh Barua wrote Information Technologies And
  Business Value - An Analytic And
  Empirical-investigation
• 1995 Tridas Mukhopadhyay also collaborated on the
  1995 article Business Value Of Information
  Technology - A Study Of Electronic Data
  Interchange.
• 1996 Eric Brynjolsson and Lorin Hitt write,
  Paradox lost? Firm-level evidence on the returns
  to information systems spending.

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Economics of Informatics The Market Perspective

• The exploration of the Economics if Informatics
  in a market context was really founded by Thomas
  Malone with his seminal work
• "Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies
  Effects of Information Technology on Market
  Structure and Corporate Strategies."
• Work continued in this field throughout the 80s
  and 90s, although there has been debate over when
  work is pure economics, and when its truly the
  economics if Informatics Technology. This debate
  still continues and has yet to be resolved,
  although there is some evidence that the split
  may come on the rigor-relevance spectrum.
• In 1996 Carl Shapiro and Hal Varian published the
  following work in the Harvard Business Review to
  address specific issues surrounding marketing
  information, and the drive to commoditize it, in
  the information economy
• Versioning The smart way to sell information.

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Economics of Informatics The Developers
Perspective

• This field of study has received significantly
  less attention than either the market or the
  business perspective. Few researchers attach it
  from an economic perspective, although the high
  costs of developing and implementing software
  systems have had significant business-wide
  impacts on corporations.
• One individual who has focused on this area is
  Chris F. Kemerer, who in 1987 wrote
• An Empirical Validation Of Software Cost
  Estimation Models.
• This domain has also involved research into the
  relative economic benefits of alternative
  Information System development models such as
  object oriented-programming.

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Economics of Informatics The Future

• There appears to be a growing consensus that
  Information Technology has a significant economic
  impact on firm-level performance, but that this
  is only slowly being seen at a national level. To
  date the segment of our economy which has
  benefited is small, and many effects need more
  scale to be fully realized and have a significant
  impact.
• At the same time, the research into markets has
  been divided between pure economists and
  informatics researchers. Despite significant work
  being conducted in this area, seminal works have
  failed to appear and currently there is little
  agreement about who should be researching what.
  What does appear to be emerging is a distinction
  on the rigor / relevance scale, which makes sense
  given the applied nature of informatics, and we
  can expect to see this dividing line firm up and
  help create some boundaries.
• There appears to either be few strong upcoming
  researchers in the field of the economics of
  systems development, or to be little interest in
  the field in general (or both). This is
  unfortunate given the staggering costs some
  businesses currently pay to implement
  technologies, which is so high in part due to the
  customization and development techniques utilized.

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Economics of Informatics IT People Papers

• Premier Authors and Key Papers
• Yannis Bakos Stern School of Business
• Bakos, Y., Brynjolfsson, E. (1999). Bundling
  information goods Prices, profits, and
  efficiency. Management Science, 45(12)
  1613-1630. 14 Citations , 302 Google Web Sites
• Bakos, Y. (1998). The Emerging Role of
  Electronic Marketplaces on the Internet.
  Communications of the ACM 41 (8) 35-42. 45
  Citations, 405 Google Web Sites
• Eric Brynjolsson Sloan School of Management
• Brynjolfsson, E. (1993). The Productivity
  Paradox of Information Technology.
  Communications of the ACM 35(12) 66-77. 68
  Citations, 483 Google Web Sites
• Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L. (1996). Paradox
  lost? Firm-level evidence on the returns to
  information systems spending. Management
  Science, 42(4) 541-558. 68 citations, 278
  Google Web Sites
• Bakos, Y., Brynjolfsson, E. (1999). Bundling
  Information Goods Prices, Profits, And
  Efficiency. Management Science, 45(12)
  1613-1630. 14 citations, 302 Google Web Sites
• Erik K. Clemons The Wharton School
• Clemons, Eric K. (1991). Evaluation of Strategic
  Investments in Information Technology.
  Communications of the ACM, 34(1) 22-36. 46
  citations, 144 Google Web Sites
• Chris F. Kemerer Katz Graduate School of Business
• Kemerer Cf (1987). An Empirical Validation Of
  Software Cost Estimation Models. Communications
  Of The ACM, 30 (5) 416-429. 98 Citations, 164
  Google Web Sites

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Economics of Informatics IT People Papers

• Premier Authors and Papers - Continued
• Thomas W. Malone Sloan School of Management
• Malone, T. W., Yates, J. and Benjamin, R. I.
  (1987) "Electronic Markets and Electronic
  Hierarchies Effects of Information Technology on
  Market Structure and Corporate Strategies."
  Communications of the ACM, 30(6) 484-497. 259
  citations, 191 Google Web Sites
• Haim Mendelson Sloan School of Management
• Mendelson, H. (1985) Pricing Computer Services
  Queuing Effects. Communications of the ACM,
  28(3) 312-321. 41 citations, 17 Google Web
  Sites
• Carl Shapiro Haas School of Business
• Shapiro, C., Varian, H. R. (1998). Versioning
  The smart way to sell information. Harvard
  Business Review, November-December. 5 Citations,
  196 Google Web Sites
• Hal R. Varian Haas School of Business
• Shapiro, C., Varian, H. R. (1998). Versioning
  The smart way to sell information. Harvard
  Business Review, November-December. 5 Citations,
  196 Google Web Sites
• Andrew B. Whinston McCombs School of Business
• Whinston, A. B., Kalakota, R. (1998). Frontiers
  of Electronic Commerce Addison-Wesley 1290
  Google Web Sites
• Applegate, L. M., Holsapple, C. W., Kalakota, R.,
  Radermacher, F. J., and Whinston, A. B. (1996).
  Electronic commerce building blocks of new
  business opportunity. Journal of Organizational
  Computing and Electronic Commerce, 6(1) 1-10.
  49 Google Web Sites

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Economics of Informatics ITPeople Papers

• Current Leaders in the Field - Authors and Key
  Papers
• Anitesh Barua McCombs School of Business
• Barua A, Kriebel Ch, Mukhopadhyay T (1995).
  Information Technologies And Business Value - An
  Analytic And Empirical-investigation.
  Information Systems Research, 6 (1) 3-23. 52
  Citations, 102 Google Web Sites
• Timothy F. Bresnahan Stanford
• Bresnahan, T.F. (1986). Measuring The Spillovers
  From Technical Advance - Mainframe Computers In
  Financial Services. American Economic Review, 76
  (4) 742-755. 37 Citations, 77 Google Web Sites
• Vijay Gurbaxani University of California, Irvine
  
• Gurbaxani V, Whang Sj (1991). The Impact Of
  Information-systems On Organizations And
  Markets. Communications Of The ACM, 34 (1)
  59-73. 93 Citations, 293 Google Sites
• Lorin M. Hitt The Wharton School
• Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L. (1996). Paradox
  lost? Firm-level evidence on the returns to
  information systems spending. Management
  Science, 42(4) 541-558. 68 citations, 278
  Google Web Sites
• Charles H. Kriebel Carnegie Mellon
• Barua A, Kriebel Ch, Mukhopadhyay T (1995).
  Information Technologies And Business Value - An
  Analytic And Empirical-investigation.
  Information Systems Research, 6 (1) 3-23. 52
  Citations, 102 Google Web Sites
• Tridas Mukhopadhyay Carnegie Mellon
• Barua A, Kriebel Ch, Mukhopadhyay T (1995).
  Information Technologies And Business Value - An
  Analytic And Empirical-investigation.
  Information Systems Research, 6 (1) 3-23. 52
  Citations, 102 Google Web Sites
• Mukhopadhyay T, Kekre S, Kalathur S (1995).
  Business Value Of Information Technology - A
  Study Of Electronic Data Interchange. MIS
  Quarterly, 19(2) 137-156. 52 Citations, 153
  Google Web Sites

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Section V HCI Psychology
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HCI Psychology Overview

• HCI is a discipline concerned with the design,
  evaluation and implementation of interactive
  computing systems for human use and with the
  study of major phenomena surrounding them.
• HCI Psychology are at the interface of
  behavioral and technical research of MIS.

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Categories of HCI
39
HCI Psychology Key People Works

• Ben Shneiderman
• Ben Shneiderman. Designing the User Interface
  Strategies for Effective Human-Computer
  Interaction. Addison Wesley, 1986. Published 1987
  
• Edward R. Tufte
• E. Tufte. The Visual Display of Quantitative
  Information. Graphics Press, Cheshire, CT, 1983.
• E. Tufte. Envisioning Information, Conneticut
  Graphics Press, 1990

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HCI Psychology Key People Works (cont)

• Jakob Nielsen
• Designing the User Interface Strategies for
  Effective Human-Computer Interaction. Addison
  Wesley, 1986. Published 1987
• Don Norman 1)
• Norman, D. A., Draper, S. (Eds.), (1986). User
  Centered System Design New Perspectives on
  Human-Computer Interaction. Hillsdale, NJ
  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
• Norman, D. A. (1990). The design of everyday
  things. New York Doubleday. (Paperback version
  of The psychology of everyday things, unchanged
  except for title.)

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HCI Psychology Key People Works (cont)

• Stuart, K. Card
• Brad Myers
• George W. Furnas
• Gavriel G. Salvendy
• Brenda Laurel

42
HCI Psychology Outlook

• We expect a future for HCI with some of the
  following characteristics
• Ubiquitous communication.
• High functionality systems.
• Mass availability of computer graphics.
• Mixed media.
• High-bandwidth interaction.
• Large and thin displays.
• Embedded computation.
• Group interfaces.
• User Tailorability.
• Information Utilities.

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In The FutureWell All Be Harry Potter!

• We're about to experience a world of magic where
  inanimate objects come alive, as if they had
  computational power, sensors, awareness, and
  connectivity.

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Section VI KM, AI, IR
45
KM, AI, IROverview

• Knowledge Management (KM)
• the collection of systems and managerial
  approaches to creating, processing, and
  organizing the intellectual assets for business
  functions and decisions
• Technology
• Managerial approach

46
KM, AI, IROverview

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Intelligent computer systems

47
KM, AI, IROverview

• Information retrieval (IR)
• systems for indexing, searching, and recalling
  data, particularly text or other unstructured
  forms in a collection
• KM, AI, IR relations

48
KM, AI, IRPeople contributions in KM

• Management theorists
• Peter Senge, Peter F. Drucker
• Ikujiro Nonaka
• 1995,The Knowledge-Creating Company
• knowledge company
• Hirotaka Takeuchi

49
KM, AI, IRPeople contributions in AI

• Norbert Wiener
• Cybernetics, 1948
• all intelligent behavior was the result of
  feedback mechanisms
• Marvin Minsky
• the first neural network computer, 1955

50
KM, AI, IRPeople contributions in AI

• Allen Newell
• 1955, the logic theorist
• General Problem Solver (GPS)
• Herbert Simon
• John McCarthy
• The Dartmouth summer workshop on artificial
  intelligence
• LISP programming language

51
KM, AI, IRPeople contributions in IR

• Hans Peter Luhn
• The automatic creation of literature abstracts.
  1958
• Gerard Salton
• The SMART retrieval system experiments in
  automatic document processing, 1971
• Vector space model
• Karen Sparck Jones
• Natural language processing for information
  retrieval, 1996

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KM, AI, IROutlook

• KM service market
• IDC 8 billion dollars by next year
• Technology
• e-portals, work flow, data warehouse, data
  mining, intelligent agent and other techniques
  from AI and IR
• Managerial approach
• AI and IR technology transformations in other
  domains

53
Section VII Operations Research
54
Operations ResearchOperations Research and MIS
55
Operations ResearchPeople Papers

• George B. Dantzig
• Maximization of a linear function of variables
  subject to linear inequalities

56
Operations ResearchPeople Papers

• Stephen A. Cook
• The complexity of theorem proving procedures

57
Operations ResearchPeople Papers

• Hau L. Lee
• E-Fulfillment Winning the last mile of E-Commerce

58
Operations ResearchPeople Papers

• Marshall Fisher
• Supply chain inventory management and the value
  of shared information

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Section VIII Policy, Ethics, Social Issues
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Policy, Ethics, Social Issues Social
Informatics---Research
Social Informatics
Social impact of computerization
Information Policy
Organizational informatics
E-government E-voting
Fraud Cybercrime
Intellectual Property
Computer-mediated communication
Privacy Security
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Policy, Ethics, Social Issues Social
Informatics--People Papers

• Rob Kling
• His seminal work is that he defined the Social
  Informatics. He has been developing an approach
  to understanding information systems as forms of
  organization, rather than as simple collections
  of equipment, data flows, and procedures.
• Kling, Rob. Social Analyses of
  Computing-Theoretical Perspectives in recent
  Empirical Research 1980 Computing Surveys
• John L. King
• He is a distinguish researcher in the domain of
  social impacts of computing.
• King, J. L. Gurbaxani, V. Kraemer, K. L.
  McFarlan, F. W. Raman, K. S. and Yap, C. S.
  "Institutional Factors in Information Technology
  Innovation," Information Systems Research (52),
  1994, 139-169

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Policy, Ethics, Social IssuesSocial
Informatics--People Papers

• Lee Sproull
• Prof. Sproull has published more than fifty
  books and articles on the social and
  organizational implications of computing
  technology. She is a member of the National
  Research Council Computer Science and
  Telecommunications Board. Her current research
  focuses on the dynamics and consequences of
  electronic groups and communities. She
  frequently publishes with Dr. Sara Kielser.
• Sproull, Lee Kiesler, Sara. Managerial
  Response to Changing Environments Perspectives
  on Problem Sensing From Social Cognition
  Administrative Science Quarterly 27 (4) 548-570
  1982
• Kenneth L. Kraemer
• Professor Kraemer is the Director CRITO in UCI.
  He has conducted research on the management of
  computing in organizations for more than 25
  years.
• J. L. Dedrick , S. E. Goodman , K. L. Kraemer,
  Little engines that could computing in small
  energetic countries, Communications of the ACM,
  v.38 n.5, p.21-26, May 1995

63
Policy, Ethics, Social Issues Social
Informatics--People Papers

• Mary J. Culnan
• Professor Culnan specializes in the social and
  public policy impacts of information technology.
  Her research focuses on information privacy.
• Mary J. Culnan, Charles A. O'Reilly III,
  Jennifer A. Chatman Intellectual structure of
  research in organizational behavior, 1972-1984
  A cocitation analysis. JASIS 41(6) 453-458
  (1990)
• Seymour (Sy) Goodman
• Dr. Goodman is interested in the international
  diffusion and the national absorption of
  information technology. He is also in the area of
  national and international security dimensions of
  information technology
• S. E. Goodman, P. Wolcott and G. Burkhart, An
  Examination of High-Performance Computing Export
  Control Policy in the 1990s. IEEE Computer
  Society Monograph, Los Altos CA, 1996, 115 pages

64
Policy, Ethics, Social Issues Social
Informatics--People Papers

• Richard Mason
• Dr. Mason was named among the top 35 MIS
  Consultants in Information Week's survey of the
  top 50 MIS Consultants (1988). Dr. Mason has many
  areas of expertise, including the following
  Business Ethics and Philosophy, Management
  Information Systems, Strategy and Policy,
  Organization Theory, Digital Economy, Electronic
  Commerce, Information Management, IS Ethics, and
  Internet and Culture.
• Mason, R.O. Mitroff, I.I. A Program for
  Research on Management Information Systems.
  (1973). Management Science, 19(5), 475-487.
• Dorothy E. Denning
• Dr. Dennings current work includes the areas of
  cyber crime and cyber terrorism, information
  warfare and security, and the impact of
  technology on society. She has published 120
  articles and four books, her most recent being
  Information Warfare and Security.
• Denning, Dorothy. Cryptography and Data
  Security. 1982 Addison-Wesley

65
Policy, Ethics, Social Issues Social
Informatics--People Papers

Robert M Davison Dr. Davison researched on
professional ethics, privacy, intellectual
property in the information system research
domain. Davison, R.M. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN
INFORMATION SYSTEMS A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE,
(2000) Communications of the AIS, 3, 8,
1-34. Steve Woolgar Dr. Woolgar actively
worked in the area of social informatics. He has
published widely in social studies of science and
technology, social problems and social
theory. Woolgar, S. Configuring the user The
case of usability trials, in J. Law ed., A
Sociology of monsters essays on power,
technology and domination. (London Routledge,
1991).
66
Section IX Workflow
67
WorkflowDefinition

• The partial or total automation of a process
  according to a specified set of rules that
  optimizes that process

68
WorkflowTypes

• Image-based Workflow Systems - automate the flow
  of paper through an organization, by transfering
  the paper to digital "images" (First workflow
  systems).
• Form-based Workflow Systems - intelligently
  route forms through an organization. Text-based
  and consist of editable fields (unlike images).
• Coordination-based Workflow Systems - facilitate
  the completion of work by providing a framework
  for coordination of action. Helps with
  facilitating business processes

69
WorkflowFuture Trends

• Workflow management over distributed
  heterogeneous systems
• Use of Petri Nets to Model distributed workflow
  systems van der Aalst.

70
Conclusion

• Academic and Scholarly Q A