CD and DVD Technology

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CD and DVD Technology
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Where CDs Started

• In about 1982, the CD-DA (compact disk-digital
  audio) was introduced to the market jointly by
  Phillips and Sony. It stored a high-quality
  stereo audio signal in a digital form. These
  systems became a huge success.

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A CD in General

• CDs hold up to 650-700 Mb of data
• Can hold 74-80 minutes of audio and non-digital
  video

One CD 7 Zip Disks 450 Floppy Disks
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Costs for single disk (at CompUSA)
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Costs for 700 MB of storage (at CompUSA)
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A CD in General

• Records information in grooves 1.6 microns wide
• 1 micron is one-thousandth of a millimeter
• A human hair is about 50 microns wide
• Information is read by the amount of surface
  reflection

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A CD in General

• A CD has a single spiral track of data, circling
  from the inside of the disc to the outside.

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A CD in General

• The fact that the spiral track starts at the
  center means that the CD can be smaller than 4.8
  inches (12 cm) if desired, and in fact there are
  now plastic baseball cards and business cards
  that you can put in a CD player. CD business
  cards hold about 2 MB of data.

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Lands and Pits

• Mass produced CDs are recorded with lands and
  pits
• lands - small bumps
• pits - small holes
• Each reflect light differently so they read
  differently

A microscopic view of a CD
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Popular CD Formats

• Today CDs are available in the following formats
• CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory)
• These disks are typically made by a manufacturer.
  You cannot erase the disk or add to it. You can
  only read the data. The standards for this is
  called yellow book
• CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable)
• You can record data to this disk (provided you
  have a CD drive and software that can burn
  CDs). Once you record the data, you are done. You
  cant record any more information.
• CD-RW (Compact Disk ReWritable)
• With CD-RW drives and disks, you can treat the CD
  just like a floppy or hard disk, writing data
  onto it multiple times. The orange book has
  standards for CD-R and CD-RW.

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CD Drives

• Most common is just the CD-ROM drives
• Next step up is the CD-R drives
• Today there are CD-RW drives
• So be careful in selecting a computer that you
  get the type of drive you really want

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CD Drives

• Drives are classified or graded by
• 1) How fast they read data
• 2) How fast they can write data

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CD Drives

• What do all those numbers mean?
• 
  

Read Speed
Write Speed
12x8x32
ReWrite Speed
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Producing CDs

• You must have a CD drive on your computer that
  has the capability to make a CD
• You must have software
• Windows XP has the software built in
• You basically copy and paste the files you want
  onto the CD

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CD Software

• For older versions of Windows (or if you want
  more and easier options than Windows XP) you need
  CD Burning Software.
• The most widely used programs are
• Nero
• Roxio Easy CD DVD Creator
• These programs are easy to use. You just drag
  and drop files to the CD window.

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The Roxio Screen
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Why use CDs

• Cheap
• Can hold lots of data
• Not erased by magnetic fields
• Can be read by all formats-IBM and Mac
• Will not degrade

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DVDs
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Introduction

• Youve seen people watching Austin Powers on
  their laptops. But there is more to DVDs than
  just watching movies

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What is a DVD?

• Digital Video Disc
• Digital Versatile Disc
• A high-capacity compact disc. This disc can
  store enough data for a full length movie. You
  must have a DVD disc drive or player to use DVD
  discs.

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DVD Basics

• Next generation of optical disc storage
• Encompass home entertainment, computers and
  business information.
• Replacing CDs, videotape, laserdisc, CD ROM, and
  Video Game Cartridges.

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DVD Basics

• Discs hold about seven times as much information
  as CD-ROMs.
• 4.7 GB of storage (up to 17 GB is possible)
• May require special hardware to run.
• Development of recordable DVD format stunted by
  standards war.

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Physical Formats of DVD-ROMs

• DVD-5 (single-sided/single-layer DVD with 4.7 GB
  storage)
• DVD 9, (single-sided but dual-layer disk with
  8.5 GB storage)
• DVD-10 (double-sided/dual-layer, 9.4 GB)
• DVD-18 (double-sided/dual-layer, 17 GB)

double-sided/dual-layer
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DVD Application Formats

• DVD-R
• Write-once type DVD-Recordable discs invented by
  Pioneer in 1998. This technology is used for
  master-disks recording.

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DVD Application Formats

• DVD-ROM
• DVD Read Only Memory. DVD-ROM is a version of DVD
  for computers, designed to replace the CD-ROM. It
  has the same capacity as DVD-Video that is far
  greater than normal CD-ROMs.

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DVD Application Formats

• DVD-RAM
• DVD-Random Access Memory. Rewriteable type DVD
  disc with more than 2.6 GB or 4.7 GB (DVD-RAM
  Version 2) storage capacity per side supported by
  Panasonic, Hitachi and Toshiba. The main
  disadvantage of the technology - lack of backward
  compatibility, i.e. DVD-ROM drives and DVD
  players cannot read from DVD-RAM media.

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DVD Application Formats

• DVD-RW
• DVD-ReWritable. This format was developed by
  Pioneer and is partially compatible with modern
  DVD players and DVD-ROM drives. Can be used only
  for recording audio and video streams.
• DVDRW
• Digital Versatile Disc plus Re-Writeable. This
  format is fully backward compatible with DVD
  players and DVD-ROM drives and can be used both
  for video recording and for data storage.
  Hewlett-Packard, Mitsubishi-Chemical/Verbatim,
  Philips, Ricoh, Sony, Yamaha and Thomson
  Multimedia support it. DVDRW is still in
  development stage.

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DVD Data Storage

• Like CDs data is stored in microscopic grooves
  running around the disc.
• All DVDs use laser beams to scan these grooves
• Minuscule reflective bumps (Lands)
• Nonreflective holes (Pits)

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Disadvantages of DVD

• Conversion to DVD
• Incompatibility of discs and players
• Not fully supported by HDTV
• Copy protection

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Recordable DVDs

• Recordable DVD drives let you store data on disks
  known as blanks.
• A DVD-R drive runs about 300.
• Future Predictions indicate that the DVD-RAM will
  replace CD-RW and VCRs.

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Blank DVD Costs

• DVD-R or DVDR - 3.99
• DVDRW or DVD-RW - 6.49
• DVD-RAM - 7.99

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DVD Regions

• DVD region codes is a provision in the DVD
  Specification that requires DVD players to be
  hard-coded to accept DVDs that is only meant to
  be played within one of six designated world
  regions. A Code 1 disc cannot be played in a Code
  3 DVD player for example. This technique was
  developed to enable Hollywood companies to
  release movies at different times in different
  regions.

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DVD Regions
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Content Scrambling

• Each DVD has the potential for perfect copying.
• Paranoid movie studios have forced a deeper copy
  protection into DVD standard.

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What if I scratch a disc?

• Small scratches are no problem (up to 6
  millimeters with no loss of data).
• Myth scratches on DVDs are worse because of the
  higher amount of data stored.
• Momentary glitches or I/O errors on computer
  screens.

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Educational Uses

• Storage of large amounts of data (Ex. Plant I.D.
  for Nursery Landscape Contest).
• Games (Review Exercises)
• Movie materials
• Everything in one format..eliminating the VCR,
  Tapes, Handouts, etc.

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Equipment Needed

• A DVD drive that can write
• Special software
• Roxio
• Studio 8