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Pronouns

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Arachne competes with Athena. She weaves skillfully. ... could refer to either Arachne or Athena. ... 2. The bystanders see Athena. They watch her at the loom. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pronouns


1
Pronouns
Sandra Boyd
2
Personal Pronouns
  • A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one
    or more nouns.
  • The most frequently used pronouns are called
    personal pronouns. They refer to people or
    things.

3
Subject Pronouns
  • A subject pronoun is used as the
  • subject of a sentence.
  • She is my best friend.
  • It is my dog.
  • Does he know the answer?
  • You and I will meet later.

4
Object Pronouns
  • An object pronoun is used as the
  • direct/indirect object or the object of a
    preposition.
  • Give the book to me.
  • The teacher gave her a reprimand.
  • I will tell you a story.
  • Susan read it to them.

5
List of Personal Pronouns
  • Singular Plural
  • I we
  • you you
  • he, she, it they

Subject Pronouns
me us you you him, her, it them
Object Pronouns
6
ACTIVITY 1
  • Write sentences using each of the subject
    pronouns. Underline each subject pronoun.
  • Write sentences using each of the object
    pronouns. Circle each object pronoun.
  • Total of 16 pronouns.
  • You can combine subject and object pronouns in
    you sentences.

7
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
  • Read the following sentences. Can you tell to
    whom the word She refers?
  • Arachne competes with Athena. She weaves
    skillfully.
  • The sentence is not clear because the word She
    could refer to either Arachne or Athena.
    Sometimes you must repeat a noun or rewrite the
    sentence.
  • Arachne competes with Athena. Athena weaves
    skillfully.

8
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
  • The noun or group of words that a pronoun refers
    to is called its antecedent.
  • When you use a pronoun, you should be sure that
    it refers to its antecedent clearly. Be
    especially careful when you use the pronoun they.
    Read the following sentence.
  • They have several books about Greek myths at the
    library.
  • Continue

9
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
  • The meaning of They is unclear. The sentence can
    be improved by rewriting it in the following
    manner.
  • Several books about myths are available at the
    library.

10
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
  • When using pronouns, you must also make sure that
    they agree with their antecedents in number
    (singular or plural) and gender. The gender of a
    noun may be masculine (male), feminine (female),
    or neuter (referring to things). Notice how the
    pronouns on the next slide agree with their
    antecedents.

Continue
11
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
  • 1. The myth of Arachne is amusing. I enjoyed
    it.
  • 2. The bystanders see Athena. They watch her at
    the loom.
  • In the first sentence, myth is the antecedent of
    the pronoun it.
  • In the second sentence, bystanders is the
    antecedent of They, and Athena is the antecedent
    of her.

12
ACTIVITY 2
  • Do exercise 3, page 397 of your English Textbook.
  • Follow directions carefully.

13
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • Subject pronouns are used in compound subjects,
    and object pronouns are used in compound objects.
  • He and Carmen wrote a report on the subject. (Not
    Him and Carmen)
  • Tell John and me about Hercules. (Not John and
    I)

Continue
14
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • A preposition takes an object, just as many
    verbs do. The object of a preposition can be
    simple or compound. In either case, use an
    object pronoun as the object of the preposition.
  • Lee read a famous myth to me.
  • Lee read a famous Roman myth
  • to John and me.

Continue
15
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • If you are not sure of which form of the
    pronoun to use, say the sentence aloud with only
    the pronoun as the subject or the object. Your
    ear will tell you which form is correct.
  • Whenever the pronoun I is part of a compound
    subject, it should always be placed after the
    other parts of the subject. Similarly, when the
    pronoun me is part of a compound object, it
    should go after the other parts of the object.

Continue
16
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • Lee and I read some ancient Roman myths.
    (Not I and Lee)
  • Mythology interests Lee and me. (Not me and
    Lee).

Continue
17
Using Pronouns Correctly
  • In formal writing and speech use a subject
    pronoun after a linking verb.
  • The writer of this report was she.
  • It is I.

18
ACTIVITY 3
  • Do exercise 4 and 5, page 399 of your
    English Text. You do not have to write the
    sentences.

19
Possessive Pronouns
  • A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that
    shows who or what has something. A possessive
    pronoun may take the place of a possessive noun.
  • Read the following sentences. Notice the
    possessive nouns and the possessive pronouns that
    replace them.

20
Possessive Pronouns
  • Homers story is famous.
  • His story is famous.
  • This story is Homers.
  • This story is his.
  • Possessive nouns are in green. Possessive
    pronouns are in red.

21
Possessive Pronouns
  • Possessive pronouns have two forms. One form is
    used before a noun. The other form is used alone.

22
Possessive Pronouns
  • Possessive pronouns are not written with
    apostrophes. The pronoun its, for example, shows
    possession. The word its, on the other hand, is
    a contraction of it is. Read the following
    sentences. Notice the meaning of the words in
    red type.
  • Its central character is Odysseus. (possessive
    pronoun)
  • Its about the adventures of Odysseus.
    (contraction of It is)

23
Activity 4
  • Do exercises 6 and 7, page 401 of your English
    text. You do not have to write the sentences.

24
Indefinite Pronouns
  • An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that does not
    refer to a particular person, place, or thing.
  • Does anyone know the story of Midas?
  • Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or
    plural.

25
Some Indefinite Pronouns
All, any, most, none and some can be singular or
plural, depending on the phrase that follows them.
26
Some Indefinite Pronouns
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the
subject, the verb must agree with it in
number. Everyone discusses the plot.
(singular) Both talk about King Minos.
(plural) All of mythology is about beliefs and
ideals. (singular) All of the myths are about
beliefs and ideals. (plural)
27
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite
pronouns as their antecedents. In such cases,
the pronouns must agree in number. Note that in
the first example the intervening prepositional
phrase does not affect the agreement. Each of the
characters has his or her motive. Several have
conflict with their rivals.
28
Activity 5
Do exercise 8 and 9 in your English text, page
403. You do not have to write the sentences.
29
Reflexive Pronouns
A reflexive pronoun refers to a noun or another
pronoun and indicates that the same person or
thing is involved. Reflexive pronouns are formed
by adding self or selves to certain personal
and possessive pronouns The woman found herself
a book of folktales.
Reflexive Pronoun
30
Reflexive Pronouns
Sometimes hisself is mistakenly used for himself
and theirselves for themselves. Avoid using
hisself and theirselves.
31
Intensive Pronouns
An intensive pronoun is a pronoun that adds
emphasis to a noun or pronoun already
named. George himself bought a copy of American
Tall Tales. He himself paid for the book.
32
Activity 6
Do exercises 10 and 11, page 405 of your English
Text. You do not have to write the sentences.
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