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The Tide of War Turns, 18631865
The Civil War is won by the Union and strongly
affects the nation.
Union soldiers sitting in front of a tent.
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The Tide of War Turns, 18631865
SECTION 1
The Emancipation Proclamation
SECTION 2
War Affects Society
SECTION 3
The North Wins
SECTION 4
The Legacy of the War
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3
In 1863, President Lincoln issues the
Emancipation Proclamation, which helps to change
the wars course.
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The Emancipation Proclamation
Calls for Emancipation
Abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, urge Lincoln
to emancipate slaves
President Lincoln does not feel he has power to
abolish slavery
Does not want to divide the nation further by
freeing slaves
If freeing the slaves weakens the South, then
Lincoln would do it
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The Emancipation Proclamation
President Lincoln issues Emancipation
Proclamation (January 1, 1863) - frees all
slaves in Confederate territory
Image
Frees southern slaves, weaken South, makes
proclamation military action
Lincoln asks Congress to gradually abolish
slavery throughout Union
Few slaves actually liberated because most live
far from Union troops
Proclamation makes Civil War a war of liberation
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Response to the Proclamation
Abolitionists are happy about Emancipation
Proclamation
Some Northern Democrats afraid proclamation
will anger South more
Most Union soldiers welcome proclamation, it
makes South weaker
Southerners outraged, many slaves begin to run
away to Union lines - deprives Confederacy of
labor - provides Union with soldiers
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African American Soldiers
Emancipation Proclamation lets African American
men join Union army
Image
After emancipation, African Americans rush to
join army
African American soldiers are often given worse
jobs, less pay
Show great courage on the battlefield
By wars end, 180,000 black soldiers in Union
army
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The 54th Massachusetts
African American 54th Massachusetts Regiment
1st organized in North
Leads heroic attack on Fort Wagner in South
Carolina (July 1863)
Image
Heroics of 54th lead to increased African
American enlistment
African American prisoners often shot or
returned to slavery by South
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The Civil War causes social, economic, and
political changes in the North and the South.
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War Affects Society
Disagreement About the War
Southerners grow weary of war, Confederate
deserters increase
CopperheadsNorthern Democrats that favor peace
with South
Image
Lincoln has protesters arrested, suspends writ
of habeas corpus
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The Draft Laws
North, South pass laws of conscription, also
known as the draft - require men to serve in
military
In South, North men can hire substitutes to
serve in their place
North offers bounties, cash payments, to men
who volunteer to serve
Anger over draft leads to New York City draft
riots (July 1863)
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Economic Effects of the War
Inflationan increase in price and decrease in
the value of money
In South, food shortage, inflation are common
Chart
In North, inflation is less, war boosts industry
U.S. establishes the first income taxa tax on
earnings (1861)
U.S. issues new paper money, greenbacks,
which - ensures people have money to
spend - helps Union pay for the war
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Resistance by Slaves
To hurt Southern economy, slaves - slow their
work pace or stop altogether - sabotage crops
and farm equipment - refuse to join fleeing
planters
Many enslaved people run away from plantations,
join Union army
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Women Aid the War Effort
Many women run farms, take over mens work in
factories, offices
Work for soldier relief agencies and as nurses
Image
In North, Dorothea Dix is leader of about 3,000
nurses
Women serve as spies, including - Harriet
Tubman for North - Belle Boyd for South
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Civil War Prison Camps
In North, South prisoners of war face terrible
conditions
Prison camp at Elmira, New York, is one of the
worst in North
Camp at Andersonville, Georgia, is one of the
worst in South
Image
Thousands of prisoners die of sickness, exposure
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Thanks to victories, beginning with Gettysburg
and ending with Richmond, the Union survives.
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The North Wins
The Road to Gettysburg
President Lincoln names Ambrose Burnside as
commander of U.S. army
Burnside loses to Confederates at Battle of
Fredericksburg (1862)
Lincoln replaces Burnside with General Joseph
Hooker
Hooker loses to Confederates at
Chancellorsville, Virginia
Confederate General Stonewall Jackson is
killed at Chancellorsville
General Lee decides to invade North again
to - fuel Northern discontent with war - gain
European support
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The Battle of Gettysburg
Union, Confederate forces fight 3 days, Battle
of Gettysburg (1863)
Interactive
Confederate attack, known as Picketts Charge,
fails
General Lee, Confederates retreat, Union army
fails to pursue
Lees hopes for a Confederate victory in the
North are crushed
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The Siege of Vicksburg
General Grant, troops fight Confederates at
Siege of Vicksburg
Map
After a month and a half siege, Confederates
surrender (July 1863)
Union has control of entire Mississippi River,
South is split in two
Britain gives up all thought of supporting the
South
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Shermans Total War
President Lincoln names General Grant commander
of Union armies
General William Tecumseh Sherman, Union troops
push to Atlanta
Captures Atlanta (September 1864), marches to
sea, wages total war
Interactive
Union troops tear up rail lines, destroy crops,
burn and loot towns
Shermans success helps Lincoln win re-election
Sherman captures Savannah (December 1864)
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Grants Virginia Campaign
Grants army, Lees army fight series of
battles in Virginia
Despite high casualties, Grants army continues
to advance
Grants army lays siege on Richmond, Virginia,
for 10 months
General Lee, troops evacuate Richmond, Grant
captures the city
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Surrender at Appomattox
General Lee sends message, he is ready to
surrender to General Grant
Surrender arrangements made at Appomattox Court
House (April 9, 1865)
Image
Grant offers generous terms, Confederates can
return home in peace
After four long years, the Civil War comes to a
close
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The Civil War brings great changes and new
challenges to the United States.
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The Legacy of the War
Costs of the War
Many Northerners, Southerners have bitter
feelings toward each other
President Lincoln hopes to heal the nation,
bring North, South together
Civil War, deadliest war in American history
has great economic costs
Chart
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The Thirteenth Amendment
Emancipation Proclamation only frees slaves in
the Confederacy
Thirteenth Amendment (1865) bans slavery in the
entire U.S.
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Lincolns Assassination
John Wilkes Booth shoots President Lincoln at
Fords Theatre
Image
Booths accomplice stabs Secretary of State
William Seward
Lincoln dies morning after, (April 15, 1865),
Seward recovers
First American president to be assassinated
U.S. troops kill Booth, capture his accomplices
Lincolns murder stuns the nation, causes
intense grief
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Consequences of the War
U.S. is viewed as single country not collection
of states
The Civil War also causes - national
government to expand - national government to
grow more powerful - new industries to grow
rapidly - economic disaster in the South
Chart
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