Whats New on Higher Education After Taiwans WTO Entry

1
Whats New on Higher Education
After Taiwans WTO Entry

• NAFSA 2002 Region XII Conference
• October 2427, 2002
• Presented by Alice Huang
• Director
• Cultural Division
• Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in San
  Francisco

2
Outline

• Taiwan and the WTO
• What does WTO govern (regulate) and its
  influences on Higher Education
  
• Taiwans Profile in International Education
  before WTO Entry
  
• Taiwans Higher Education after WTO
  EntryImpacts, Challenges and Strategies
  
• International Education Market in Taiwan after
  WTO EntryAdvantages and Disadvantages
  
• Conclusion

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Taiwan and the WTO

• Fact Sheet on Taiwans Entry to WTO
• Time November 12, 2001 (Approved)
• Where Doha WTO Ministerial 2001 (The
  Fourth WTO Ministerial Conference)

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Taiwan and the WTO

• About
• Location between Pacific Ocean and The Taiwan
  Strait
  
• Area approx. 36,000 square kilometers
• Population 22,276,672 (616 persons per Square
  Kilometers)
  
• Higher Education 53 Public, 101 Private
  University/College (2001)
  
• Enrollment 48.78 per 1,000 of the total
  population (2001)

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Taiwan and the WTO

• About
• Location Geneva, Switzerland
• Established 1 January 1995
• Created by Uruguay Round negotiations (1986-94)
  
  
• Membership 144 countries (as of 1 January 2002)
• Budget 143 million Swiss francs for 2002
• Secretariat staff 550
• Head Supachai Panitchpakdi (director-general)
• Functions
• Administering WTO trade agreements
• Forum for trade negotiations
• Handling trade disputes
• Monitoring national trade policies
• Technical assistance and training for
  developing countries
  
• Cooperation with other international
  organizations

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What does WTO govern (regulate) and its
influences on Higher Education

• WTO Trade Topics
• Areas
• Agriculture and agriculture negotiations,
  Anti-dumping, Balance of payments, Customs
  valuation, GATT and the Goods Council, Import
  licensing, Information technology products, Rules
  of origin, Safeguards (contingency trade
  barriers), Sanitary and phytosanitary measures
  (food safety, animal and plant health and
  safety), Schedules of concessions on goods, State
  trading enterprises, Subsidies and countervailing
  measures, Technical barriers to trade, Textiles,
  Trade facilitation.

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What does WTO govern (regulate) and its
influences on Higher Education

• WTO Trade Topics
• Services
• Education is regarded as a Commodity and
  Service
  
• Regulated by The General Agreement on Trade in
  Services (GATS).
  
• Range financial services, telecommunications,
  etc. includes analyses of service trade
  liberalization and day-to-day work on trade in
  the WTO.
• (Education categorized as one of the services)

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What does WTO govern (regulate) and its
influences on Higher Education

• WTO Trade Topics
• Intellectual property
• The Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of
  Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement)
  and related issues in the WTO.
  
• Other topics
• Civil aircrafts, Competition policy,
  Development, Technical cooperation and training,
  Electronic commerce, Environment, Government
  procurement, Investment and trade, Regionalism,
  Trade policy reviews.

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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Student enrollment in Higher Education
Number of Public and Private Colleges/Universiti
es (2001)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Student enrollment in Higher Education
Enrollment Rates in Universities, Colleges and
Junior Colleges
(0/00 to Total Population)(???)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Student enrollment in Higher Education
Enrollment in All Types of School (2001)
12
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Student enrollment in Higher Education
Public Educational Expenditures by Government
( to Total government Expenditures)
13
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Academic Cooperation
Total177
Academic Exchange Agreements Between ROC Univers
ities and Foreign Institutions (2001)
14
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Academic Cooperation Academic Exchange Agreements
Between ROC Universities and Foreign Institutio
ns
(1989-2001)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Studying Abroad Taiwan Students Top Nine Choices
of Studying Abroad (2001-2002)
16
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Studying Abroad Taiwan Students Studying Abroad (
19962001)
17
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Studying Abroad ROC (Taiwan) Students in Europe
(1998-2001)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Studying Abroad Taiwan Students in Japan (1992-20
01)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Studying Abroad Taiwan Students in Australia (198
8-2001)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Studying Abroad ROC (Taiwan) Students in the U.S.
A. (1950-2001)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Taiwan Students Abroad on Government
Scholarships Taiwan Students on Government Schola
rships (19932001)
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Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
Taiwan Students Abroad on Government
Scholarships Distribution of ROC/Taiwan Students
Abroad
on Government Scholarships, 2001
Total419
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Foreign Students Studying in Taiwan
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
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Foreign Students Studying in Taiwan
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
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Foreign Students Studying in TaiwanGovernment
Sponsored Foreign Students Studying in ROC (2000)
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
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Foreign Students Studying in Taiwan
Taiwans Profile in International Education
before WTO Entry
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- Impacts Challenges -
Taiwans Higher Education after WTO Entry

• Domestic and International Competition on Higher
  Education Institutions
  
• Surviving Threat on Local Short-term Language
  Programs
  
• Internet Education Tendency
• Global Awareness Penetrating the Lives of
  Individuals
  

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- Strategies -
Taiwans Higher Education after WTO Entry

• For Schools
• Effectuating School Management and Operation
  through
  
• Interdisciplinary integration
• Creating university system
• Launching campus merger
• Inter-campus alliance
• Integrating Research Resources
• Research centers among campuses
• Academic Excellence Program for School Research
  Projects
  
• 5 years from 1999 to 2003 of total budget
  US 400 million
  
• Establishing an English Teaching Environment
• Incentive to the teacher who offer English
  instruction courses
  
• Reinforcing the Internationalization of
  Education
  
• International education as one of school
  priorities
  
• Attending International education events

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- Strategies -
Taiwans Higher Education after WTO Entry

• For Society
• Creating an International Living Environment
• Enhancing the Ability to master Foreign
  Languages
  
• Promotion of E-learning

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- Advantages Disadvantages -
International Education Market in Taiwan after
WTO Entry

• Current regulations
• Establishment of New Schools
• The Private School Law, regulating the
  establishment of schools, states that all foreign
  nationals will be allowed to establish
  post-secondary educational institutions as long
  as the chair of the Board of Trustees and the
  president/principal of the institution are
  Taiwanese citizens. Foreign nationals may serve
  on the board as long as the members do not exceed
  one-third or five people on the board.
• Student Recruitment
• Locally based foreign study-abroad agencies will
  be allowed to recruit and process student
  applications for overseas study programs.
  However, Taiwan students must pay their tuition
  fees directly to the foreign school authorities,
  at their overseas institutions of study.
• It is against the law for institutions to
  advertise itself as a school or a university
  without proper certification and licensing from
  the Ministry of Education. Schools, despite their
  affiliation, cannot share the same name. Each
  new school must undergo the individual licensing
  and scrutiny, even if it is only a branch school.
  Any agency that violates the law will be fined US
  1,500 to 4,500 and they facilities and
  materials confiscated.

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- Advantages Disadvantages -
International Education Market in Taiwan after
WTO Entry

• Current regulations
• Overseas Degree
• The requirements for overseas degrees and
  accreditation have been revised. Instead of 2
  semester or 3 quarters of work required for a
  masters degree, the revised criteria only
  requires a minimum of 8 months of course work and
  earned credits. In the case of a Ph.D. degree,
  the requirement has changed from 4 semester or 6
  quarters to a minimum of 18 month of study. When
  masters and Ph.D. degrees are obtained
  simultaneous, the minimum requirement is reduced
  to 24 month of study.
• Classes taught in Chinese or bilingual (half
  Chinese) are not eligible for transfer under this
  law. Furthermore, this law only applies to
  students registered in universities accredited by
  the American Council of Education and therefore
  recognized by Taiwans Ministry of Education.

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- Advantages Disadvantages -
International Education Market in Taiwan after
WTO Entry

• Current regulations
• Correspondence Course and Internet Education
• Existing foreign schools will be allowed to give
  classes via correspondence, internet, distance
  learning or other forms of non-classroom learning
  programs, However, the total number of credits
  earned this way may not exceed one-third of the
  total credits needed for a degree.
• Short-term Teaching and Training Classes
• Foreign nationals may set up short-term teaching
  and training classes, as long as they abide by
  the existing regulations in place..
  
• Dual degree programs differ based on cooperating
  schools
  
• In order to encourage international cooperation,
  certain universities have dual degree programs in
  place. The guideline for how the degrees are
  conferred are based on the agreement signed by
  the schools.

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- Advantages Disadvantages -
International Education Market in Taiwan after
WTO Entry

• Influential Factors
• Higher Education Booming in Taiwan
• Decreasing Birth Rate
• Financial Concern
• Lifelong Learning Environment
• Varied Social Awareness and Value System

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Conclusion

• Establishment of New Schools? --- not realistic
• Establishment of Branch Campuses? --- not
  allowed
  
• Short-term Teaching or Language
  Programs?--allowable
  
• Establishment of Academic Partnership? --- to be
  encouraged
  
• Pre-College Intensive English Program? --- to be
  encouraged
  
• ( www.edu.tw/bicer/english/e620.htm )

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