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Prevent the Spread of Germs

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Wash dress-up clothes and play costumes between use by different children. ... Interactive games & activities. Educational materials for teachers ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Prevent the Spread of Germs


1
Prevent the Spread of Germs
  • David Bustamante
  • Meghan Lambourne

2
Did You Know?
  • Germs are the oldest living things on Earth. They
    have been around for more than 3 billion years.
  • A cough travels at 60 miles per hour
  • A sneeze travels at 100 miles per hour and can
    send germs up to 30 feet away.
  • Only 68 of adults wash their hands after using
    public restrooms.

3
Fast Facts
  • The most common place for germs to lurk in a
    school is the drinking fountain spigot. Studies
    have shown that the bacteria and mold count on a
    drinking fountain spigot is 1,000 times greater
    than the bacteria and mold count on a toilet
    seat.
  • Nearly 22 million school days are lost each year
    to the common cold alone.
  • Some bacteria and viruses can live from 20
    minutes up to 2 hours or more on surfaces like
    doorknobs, cafeteria tables, and desks.

4
The Flu
  • Spread from person to person through coughs and
    sneezes.
  • Occurs when a person
  • is exposed to droplets from the cough or sneeze
    of an infected person
  • touches droplets, nose drainage or saliva from an
    infected person, or a soiled object, and then
    touches ones own (or someone elses) nose,
    mouth, or eyes before their washing hands

5
What Can You Do
  • Encourage students, faculty and staff to wash
    hands when hands are visibly soiled and after
    touching objects such as tissues or surfaces
    soiled with saliva or nose drainage.
  • An alcohol-based hand rub can be used when soap
    and water are not available when and hands are
    not visibly soiled
  • Alcohol-based hand rubs are not recommended when
    hands are visibly soiled.
  • When using alcohol-based hand rub, thoroughly rub
    hands together until the alcohol has dried.
  • Teach students the proper handwashing technique.
  • Remind students to
  • Cover their nose and mouth with a tissue when
    they cough or sneeze to throw the tissue away
    after they use it.
  • Wash hands often, epsecially after they cough or
    sneeze.
  • Remind them not to touch their eyes, mouth, or
    nose.

6
What You Can Do Cont.
  • Make sure all sink locations, restrooms, and
    diaper changing areas are stocked with soap and
    paper towels or working hand dryers.
  • Ensure each classroom is supplied with
    alcohol-based hand rub when sinks for washing
    hands are not readily accessible.
  • Make sure tissues are available in all classrooms
    and rooms where meals are provided.
  • Clean frequently touched surfaces, toys, and
    commonly shared items daily and when visible
    soiled.
  • Encourage parents of sick students to keep them
    home and away from others until the student has
    been without a fever for 24 hours. Similarly,
    encourage sick faculty and staff to stay home.

7
Hand-washing Technique
  • To help protect against the spread of germs and
    exposure to infectious materials, wash your hands
    before and after
  • Eating
  • Smoking
  • Work
  • Using the bathroom
  • Putting in contact lenses
  • Applying makeup
  • After coughing or sneezing
  • Hand washing is the most important procedure for
    preventing the spread of infections.
  • The mechanical action of washing and drying
    removes most of the transient skin bacteria.

8
Hand-Washing Technique Cont.
  • Hand washing with plain soap (detergents) is
    effective in removing most transient microbial
    flora.
  • Components of good hand washing include the
    following
  • Adequate amount of soap
  • Rubbing the hands together to create friction for
    15 seconds, which is the time required to sing
    Happy Birthday
  • Rinsing hands under running water
  • Drying hands with a clean towel

9
Head Lice
  • Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are
    parasitic insects that live in the hair and scalp
    of humans.
  • Can infest anyone, regardless of personal
    hygiene.
  • Each year, 6 to 12 million people worldwide get
    head lice.
  • Head lice outbreaks occur often in schools and
    group settings.
  • Pre-school- and elementary-school-aged children
    and their families are infested most often.
  • Girls get head lice more often than boys.
  • Usually treatable with lice-killing shampoos and
    crème rinses. However, it is an increasing
    problem in infectious disease because
    lice-killing medicines are becoming less
    effective.

10
The Spread of Head Lice
  • Head lice are spread by coming into close contact
    with an already infested person. In children,
    contact is common during play, while riding the
    school bus, and during classroom activities in
    which children sit in groups close to each other.
  • Wearing infested clothing, such as hats, coats,
    scarves, sports uniforms, or hair ribbons.
  • Using infested brushes, combs, or towels.
  • Lying on a bed, couch, pillow, carpet, or stuffed
    animal that has been contaminated.
  • Most commonly found behind the ears and at the
    back of the neck.

11
Prevent the Spread of Head LiceWhat Schools Can
Do!
  • Watch for signs of lice, such as frequent head
    scratching and irritability.
  • Teach students not to share combs, brushes,
    scarves, hair ribbons, helmets, headphones, hats,
    towels, bedding, clothing, or other personal
    items.
  • Provide separate storage areas (cubbies or
    lockers) and widely spaced coat hooks for
    clothing and other personal articles.
  • Assign sleeping mats to only one child and store
    mats separately.
  • Wash dress-up clothes and play costumes between
    use by different children. During an outbreak,
    costumes should not be used in the classroom.

12
Prevent the Spread of Head LiceWhat Schools Can
Do!
  • It is not necessary for a student to stay home
    from school.
  • It is not necessary to have routine head lice
    screenings.
  • Letters notifying other parents of head lice
    cases have not been found to restrain the spread
    but often provoke itching and anxiety.
  • If a student does contract head lice, inform the
    parents/guardians and other close contacts of the
    student.
  • Remember!! Avoid direct contact with a person
    who has lice, their clothing, and their personal
    belongings.

13
Whooping Cough
  • A highly contagious disease caused by the
    bacteria Bordetella pertussis.
  • It is spread by droplets from coughing and
    sneezing to 70-100 of susceptible household
    contacts and 50-80 of susceptible school
    contacts.
  • Symptoms vary for different ages but initial
    symptoms are usually similar to a cold.
  • Severe cases develop sudden attacks of repetitive
    coughing and often a characteristic whoop as
    the person gasps for breath. However, not all
    cases get the whoop.
  • Vomiting often follows a coughing spasm.
  • A person with whooping cough is infectious for up
    to three weeks after they start coughing.
  • The cough may last for months.

14
Whooping Cough Cont.
  • People become immune either through pertussis
    immunisation or by catching the disease itself,
    but protection is not life long and begins to
    wane after 6-10 years.
  • If a student has whooping cough, he or she should
    not attend school for 21 days from onset of
    coughing or until they have received at least the
    first 5 days of a course of antibiotics.
  • If a student has been coughing for more than 21
    days, they are no longer infectious and can go
    back to school.
  • Household members and close contacts of someone
    with whooping cough may also be infectious.
    Unimmunised siblings under seven years of age and
    unimmunised close contacts must be excluded from
    school for 14 days from the last exposure to
    infection.

15
Community Acquired Bacterial Infections
  • Recently, many sports-related resistant bacterial
    infections have been reported from both gyms and
    locker rooms.
  • Bacterial skin infections have been reported from
    various football teams, fencing clubs, and
    college locker rooms.
  • There has been an increase in the number of
    reported cases in Santa Cruz County of people
    contracting bacterial skin infections through
    health clubs.
  • Outbreaks amongst inmates across the U.S.

16
CA-MRSA
  • Infects healthy people outside of the health-care
    setting.
  • It is susceptible to some oral antibiotics.
  • Currently 1 in 7 people infected fails outpatient
    treatment and requires hospitalization.
  • Spreads by direct contact and sharing of
    equipment.
  • Primary defense is frequent hand washing.
  • CA-MRSA cases are on the rise.
  • 25-30 of the population harbors nonresistant
    bacterium in their nose. This bacterium varies
    only slightly from CA-MRSA, and has been linked
    as a possible source of transmission.
  • 2 million people harbor CA-MRSA in their nose.
  • A rub of the nose and shaking of hands without
    washing can spread CA-MRSA.

17
Measures to Decrease CA-MRSA in Athletes
  • Cover all wounds
  • If participating in a contact sport, any skin
    lesions must be completely and properly covered.
  • If wound cannot be completely covered, consider
    excluding all athletes with potentially
    infectious skin rashes or wounds from practice or
    play until the lesions are healed or can be
    completely covered.
  • Make sure the wounds stay covered during practice
    or play. Re-check frequently, especially if the
    athlete is sweating.
  • Instruct the importance of showering with soap
    and hot water after working out.
  • Educate athletes about germ transmission through
    sharing towels, clothing, razors (creams and
    gels), and equipment.
  • Cover shared equipment , like weight benches,
    with a clean towel and provide sanitary wipes to
    clean equipment after each use.
  • Facilities need to implement regular cleaning
    schedules of showers, lockers, whirlpools, and
    exercise equipment.

18
Good Resources
  • The Scrub Club WWW.scrubclub.org
  • Fun educational animated Webisode
  • Six key steps to proper hand washing
  • Interactive games activities
  • Educational materials for teachers
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    http//www.cdc.gov/flu/school/
  • Posters and flyers
  • Cover Your Cough materials
  • The Magic School Bus http//content.scholastic.com
    /browse/article.jsp?id1650
  • Book The Magic School Bus Inside Ralphie
  • Activities

19
Sources
  • Head Lice. Directors of Health Promotion and
    Education. http//www.astdhpphe.org/infect/lice.ht
    ml. As found on 3-29- 07.
  • Headlice Factsheet for Schools Wired for
    Healthhttp//www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/
    wfhfactsheets/WFHheadlice.htm. As found on
    3-29-97.
  • Preventing the Spread of Influenza (the Flu) in
    Child Care Settings Guidance for Administrators,
    Care Providers, and Other Staff. Centers for
    Disease Control and Prevention.
    http//www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/infectioncont
    rol/childcaresettings.htm. As found on 3-29-07.
  • Protecting Children from Flu. Centers for
    Disease Control. http//www.cdc.gov/flu/school/.
    As found on 3-29-07.
  • Pertussis (whooping cough) the facts.
    Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology Surveillance.
    Victorian Government Health Information.
    http//www.health.vic.gov.au/ideas/diseases/pert_f
    acts. As found on 4-3-07.
  • Scott, S. (2006). Preventing Community-acquired
    Bacterial Infections. Health and Fitness Journal,
    10, 33-35.
  • Stopping Germs at Home, Work and School. Centers
    for Disease Control and Prevention.
    http//www.cdc.gov/germstopper/home_work_school.ht
    m. As found on 3-29-07.
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