10th American History

1
10th American History

• U.S. Cultural History

2
Vocabulary for the Word Wall

• Culture
• The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with
  its root meaning "to cultivate", generally refers
  to patterns of human activity and the symbolic
  structures that give such activity significance.
• "set of distinctive spiritual, material,
  intellectual and emotional features of society or
  a social group, and that it encompasses, in
  addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways
  of living together, value systems, traditions and
  beliefs".
• A common way of understanding culture sees it as
  consisting of three elements
• values - ideas about what in life seems important
  
• norms - expectations of how people will behave in
  different situations
• Artifacts - things, or material culture

3
Native Americans History

• Conflicts with Native Americans
• Government policies- removal, treaties, siezing
  of land and reservations.
• Indian wars and massacres
• Ghost Dance
• End of Resistance and reservation life.

4
Mining, Ranching and Farming on the Great Plains

• Mining Communities- business, vigilante justice
  and boomtowns
• Ranching- open range, Long Horn cattle, Sheep
  ranching, Cattle drives and trails, barbed wire.
• Farming
• Homestead Act- 160 acres, 21 years old, 5 years.
• Oklahoma Land Rush
• Settlers- While, African Americans, Europeans,
  and Chinese.
• Living on the plains- Weather, sod houses, new
  machinery, and Turners Frontier Thesis.

5
American Workforce History

• 2nd Industrial Revolution
• Rise of Big Business
• Entrepreneurs, capitalism, laissez-faire, Social
  Darwinism
• Corporations, Trusts and Monopolies
• Tycoons- Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt and
  Pullman for example. Captains of Industry or
  Robber Barons.
• Mass marketing
• Workers organize
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Knights of Labor 1st Unions
• Strikes and violence- Railroad, Haymarket,
  Homestead, Pullman, etc.
• AFL

6
Immigration History 1800-1910

• New Immigrants
• Old Immigrants- 1800-1880- Northern and Western
  Europe
• New Immigrants- 1880-1910- Southern and Eastern
  Europe as well as Japanese and Chinese.
• Why did they come?- Economic, Political and
  Religious.
• Ellis Island and Angel Island.
• Prejudice against immigrants

7
Urban American Life

• Different Classes- Wealthy, middle class and
  working class.
• Tenements and Settlement Houses

8
Political Scandal and Reform

• City Government- Scandal and Reform
• Political Machines and Machine Bosses
• Tammany Hall in New York- Boss Tweed
• Credit Mobilier Scandal and President Grant
• President Arthur and Civil Service Reform

9
Farmers Reform Movement

• Late 1800s crop prices falling, farm debt
  rising, costs rising a need for farmers to
  organize.
• Order of the Patrons of Husbandry- National
  Grange
• 1887- Interstate Commerce Act.
• Populist Party- coalition of farmers, labor
  leaders and reformers.
• Silver v. Gold issue

10
Segregation and Discrimination

• Jim Crow Laws and Lynching
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) separate but equal.
• Booker T. Washington
• W.E.B. Du Bois and the N.A.A.C.P.
• Other groups who face discrimination-
• 1) Hispanic Americans
• 2) Asian Americans
• 3) Native Americans

11
Progressivism

• Reforming Society
• Progressives- reform movement
• Muckrakers
• Housing reforms
• Civil rights
• Workplace
• National Child Labor
• Limiting womens workday
• Minimum Wage laws.
• Courts and Labor Laws-
• 1905 - Lochner v. New York- supreme court did
  not allow 10 hour workday for bakers
• 1908 - Muller v. Oregon- Supreme Court upheld
  law guaranting 10 hour workday for women.
• Bunting v. Oregon- 10 hour workday for men in
  mills and factories.
• The Triangle Shirtwaist fire
• Unions- Industrial Workers of the World-
  unskilled
• Reforming Government
• City government- Commision system,
  Council-Manager system.
• State Government- Electoral reforms, commissions
  on railroads, utilities, transportation, civil
  service and taxation
• 17th Amendment- direct election of Senators.

12
Opportunities for Women

• Education
• Employment
• Childrens Health and Welfare
• Prohibition
• WCTU- Womens Christian Temperance Union.
• Carrie Nation
• 18th Amendment
• 18th Amendment- Prohibition
• Civil Rights- campaigning against poverty,
  segregation, lynchings and Jim Crowe Laws
• Womens Suffrage and Anti-Suffrage arguments

13
Reform- Late 1800s and early 1900s

• Childrens health and welfare
• Prohibition
• Civil Rights and black women
• Womens Suffrage
• Trust Busting and regulating big business
• Consumer Protection
• Environmental conservation
• 19th Amendment- 1920
• Civil Rights under Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson-
  Brownsville Incident.

14
Imperialism

• Cultural superiority over the under-developed
  (backward) nations.
• Social Darwinism- brothers keeper, social
  responsibility to civilize the less developed.
• Desire to bring Christianity, western style
  culture and democracy to other (backward) peoples.

15
T.R. Roosevelts Square Deal

• Coal Strike of 1902 and TR threatens to send in
  the troops
• Each person to get a square deal no more, no
  less.
• Limiting power of trusts, promote public health
  and safety and improve working conditions.
• Trust Busting and Regulating the Railroads.
• Protecting Consumers- Muckrakers, Meat Inspection
  Act, and Pure Food and Drug Act.
• Environmental Conservation

16
Presidents Taft and Wilson

• William H. Taft
• Created Dept. of Labor
• 16th Amendment- Income Tax
• Wilson- New Freedom
• Tariff, Banking, and Anti-Trust Reform
• Women Gain the right to vote- 19th Amendment

17
Imperialism

• Hawaii
• Sugar interests- Sanford B. Dole
• Bayonet constitution
• King Kalakaua and Queen Liliuokalani
• Annexation
• Spanish-American War
• Yellow Journalism
• Jingoism
• Philippines, annexation and rebellion
• Roosevelt and Rough Riders
• Anti-Imperialists
• Spanish-American War

18
Homefront in World War I

• Mobilizing the Economy
• Regulating Industry
• Regulating Food
• Regulating Fuel
• Supplying the troops
• Mobilizing Workers
• National War Labor Board
• Womens war efforts
• African American movement and employment
• Influenza Epidemic (Pandemic)
• Winning American support
• Committee on Public Information
• Propaganda
• Anti-German Feeling and American Patriotism
• Limiting Antiwar Speech
• Schenck v. United States (1919)- Supreme court
  limits freedom of speech.

19
Post War Havoc

• 1918-1919 Pandemic- world wide influenza
  epidemic- killed 10 times more Americans than did
  WWI.
• 1st Red Scare- rise of Bolsheviks, communism,
  fear, bombs, Palmer raids and deportation.
• Labor Problems- Workers unhappy after WWI, Unions
  lost members and political power, and there were
  major strikes.

20
Limiting Immigration

• Competition for jobs after WWI, and the Red scare
  caused anti-immigration feelings.
• Nativists- mostly Protestant Christians and Labor
  leaders targeted new immigrants and asked for
  immigration restrictions.
• Immigration control- National Origins Act,
  Nativism, KKK revival (native white supremacy)
• Sacco and Vanzetti- Italian immigrants,
  anarchists, tried for murder or political ideas?

21
New Economic Era- 1920s

• Henry Ford- revolutionizes industry
• Assembly line
• Effect on Industry
• competition helped the automobile industry grow.
• Other industries learned- assembly line,
  productivity went up.
• Welfare Capitalism- companies provide benefits to
  employees to promote worker satisfaction and
  loyalty.
• Effect on Society
• Demand is up for all types of products.
• Boom in midwestern cities
• Cities grew and so did suburbs- transportation
• Tourist industry grew.

22
New Economic Era- 1920s

• New Consumer-
• New Products for the home
• Electricity
• Radio connected the world
• Public transportation, and passenger airlines.
• Advertising created a deman
• New ways of paying- credit and installment
  buying.
• Weakness of Economy
• Many American suffered during the 20s
• Farmers- demand was low, competition from Europe
  high, farm failures, debt, tariff, and nature-
  weather and insects.
• The Nation desires to return to Normalcy

23
American Life Changes- 1920s

• New Roles for Women
• Opportunities
• New Family Roles
• The Flapper
• Effects of Urbanization
• Conflicts over Values
• Fundamentalism
• Scopes Trial- Teaching of Evolution and Creation
  Science- Bryan and Darrow
• Prohibition- 18th Amendment
• Organized crime- like Al Capone
• Bootleggers
• Speakeasies
• Harlem Renaissance
• African Americans during and after WWI
• W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey
• Renaissance of art in Harlem- writer, poets,
  artists, musicians and performers.

24
A New Popular Culture is born- 1920s

• Mass Entertainment
• Radio
• Movies
• Era of Heroes
• Film Stars- Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino,
  Clara Bow, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks.
• Charles A. Lindbergh- transatlantic flight.
• Amelia Earhart- 1st women across the Atlantic,
  was lost trying to fly around the world.
• Sports Heroes- Ruth, Grange, Wills, Jones, etc.
• Arts of the 1920s- F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair
  Lewis, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Hemmingway,
  George Gershwin (music)

25
The Great Depression- 1930s

• Farm Failures
• Unemployment
• Hoovervilles and Hoboes
• Dust Bowl and plight of the farmers- Okies and
  other migrants.
• Cooperatives
• Bonus Army and march on Washington

26
FDR and the New Deal

• Fireside Chats and Eleanor Roosevelt
• The First Hundred Days- relief, recovery and
  reform
• Alphabet Soup legislation
• Critics of New Deal- Sen. Huey P. Long, Father
  Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend and the
  American Liberty League- conservatives who felt
  the New Deal was too expensive and went too far.
• The Supreme Court also opposed some of the New
  Deal- AAA, NRA were unconstitutional.

27
FDR and the Second New Deal

• Second 100 Days- Congress passed laws extending
  on banking, taxes, relief programs.
• Emergency Relief- WPA
• Social Security
• Reviving Organized Labor- AFL and CIO and sit
  down strikes.
• Rural Electricity

28
Life During the New Deal

• New Roles for Women- Sec. of Labor and other
  Administration roles. Women still discriminated.
• African Americans in the New Deal- Black
  Cabinet.
• Dorothea Lange and others- writeres and
  photographers telling the story of the
  depression.
• Movies of the 1930s (.25)- grand musicals,
  comedy, Walt Disney, King Kong, Wizard of Oz and
  Gone with the Wind.
• Radio of the 1930s- Music, sports, religion and
  other forms of entertainment.- Lone Ranger,
  Fibber McGee and Molly, War of the Worlds, and
  Swing music. Babe Ruth, Joe DiMaggio, Lou
  Gehrig, Babe Didrikson Zaharias, and Joe Louis.
• Impacts of the New Deal
• Relief, Recovery and Reform
• Bigger government and more programs and agencies-
  shift from laissez-faire.
• Fair Labor Standards Act 1938- .25 minimum wage,
  44 hour workweek, and time and ½, and age 14 to
  work outside school

29
Mobilizing for World War II

• Finding Soldiers- Draft
• Women and the Armed forces- WAVES, WACS, WASPS,
  WAAC, SPARS.
• Women in industry 6.5 million workers- Rosie the
  Riveter doing a mans job.
• Labor- National War Labor Board
• African Americans in the military and the
  workforce.
• Hispanic Americans- Bracero Program- temporary
  work visa in U.S.

30
The Homefront during World War II

• Conserving Food and other goods
• Rationing- Office of Price Administration
• Victory Garden
• Scrap drives and limits on manu
• War Production Board- get products and supplies
  to the military- Scrap drives and limits on
  manufacturers
• Buying War bonds and stamps- 185 billion.
• Increasing Income tax rates and revenues went up.
• Winning support for the war
• Office of War Information- propaganda
• Hollywood- movies and entertainment
• Barnette ruling- Americans cant be forced to
  salute the flag.
• Japanese Internment- Executive Order 9066

31
Life in America after World War II

• 12 million men and women return to civilian life.
• 1944- Servicemens Readjustment Act- G.I. Bill-
  College, loans, jobs, etc.
• Labor Unions- want increased wages, Strikes went
  up. Taft-Hartly Act.
• Racial Minorities- Truman wanted to expand their
  opportunities.

32
The Second Red Scare

• Fear of Communism- Soviet Atomic weapons, and
  Communist China
• H.U.A.C- Hollywood 10 and Alger Hiss
• Trumans Loyalty Checks
• Smith Act
• McCarran Act
• Spy Cases- Hiss, Fuchs, and the Rosenbergs
• Senator Joseph McCarthy

33
The Cold War

• Eisenhower
• End Korea and finish the peace talks.
• Dulles and Brinksmanship- threats strong enough
  to bring about results.
• Dulles and Massive Retaliation- pledge to use
  overwhelming force to settle a serious conflict.
• American Civil Defense
• Bomb shelters and Nuclear fallout
• FCDA- Civil Defense, duck and cover, air raid
  sirens, and tests.

34
The Television Age

• Television changes American Life
• TV and politics
• Television advertising
• Programming
• Concerns
• Technological developments of 50s- transistors,
  computers, and vaccines.
• Cultural Change in 50s
• Boomtimes- Baby boomers, new machines for homes,
  automobiles, and affluent society.
• New Communities- Levitowns and Sunbelt
• New Highways- Interstate Highway system- America
  on the move.
• Rebellion in the movies- James Dean, Marlon
  Brando and Elvis.

35
Great Society - LBJ

• War on Poverty
• VISTA
• Job Corps
• Reducing Taxes
• Medicare and Medicaid
• Highway Beautification Act
• Supreme Court Decisions and criminal rights.
  (Miranda Rights)

36
The Civil Rights Movement

• Prior to 1954
• Plessy v. Ferguson
• NAACP
• Depression- blacks last hired and first fired.
• 1940s- no discrimination in defense plants, CORE
  founded, desgregation of Armed forces and Jackie
  Robinson.
• Several court cases and some sucesses

37
The Civil Rights Movement

• After 1954
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
• Little Rock 9
• Montgomery Bus Boycott and Rosa Parks.
• Martin Luther King Jr., SCLC and non-violence.
• Sit-ins and Freedom Rides and SNCC
• Federal Intervention
• Integrating Higher Education- James Meredith and
  University of Mississippi Governor Wallace
  blocking students at the University of Alabama.
• Albany and Birmingham
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• March on Washington Aug. 28, 1963- Kings I have
  dream speech
• Assasination of Medgar Evers- Mississippi NAACP
• Voting rights- Registering voters, 24th
  Amendment, Freedom Summer, three civil rights
  workers killed in Mississippi. March from Selma
  to Montgomery. Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Black Power, Black Panthers, Black Muslims and
  Malcolm X, Assassination of Martin Luther King
• Civil Rights Act of 1968

38
The Anti-War Movement

• The Draft
• The Medias Impact
• Hawks and Doves
• Movement- students, civil rights workers,
  doctors, homemakers, retirees and teachers.
  College campuses- anti-war rallies and debates. A
  small number at first.
• SDS- Students for a Democratic Society
• Protest- Signs, demonstrations, burned draft
  cards and American Flags.
• Democratic national convention of 1968- violence
  and the assassination of RFK.
• Campus protests- violence, ROTC, Kent State,
  college shutdowns.
• 1969 Washington protest 1971 Vietnam Veterans
  Against the War in Washington.
• Weathermen
• My Lai Massacre
• Pentagon Papers.

39
1963-1975- Time of Social Change

• Revival of the womens movement- experiences at
  work, home,
• Betty Freidan and The Feminine Mystique- raising
  consciousness.
• NOW and Feminism
• ERA and Phyllis Schlafly
• Roe-v. Wade

40
1963-1975- Time of Social Change

• Native Americans-
• Living conditions
• Termination
• Indian Movement
• Occupying Alcatraz
• AIM- Occupying Bureau of Indian Affairs and
  Wounded Knee.
• Red Power- control over their own natural
  resources, education, protect their rights and
  improve their standards of living.

41
1963-1975- Time of Social Change

• Latinos fight for rights
• Poverty, unemployment, low paying unskilled jobs.
• Struggle for Social justice
• Cesar Chavez and the National Farm Workers
  Association- Grape Boycott
• Chicanos- Mexican Americans
• Alianza
• Crusade for Justice
• MAYO
• La Raza Unida Party- united people
• Brown Berets
• Boricua Movement- ethnic pride for Puerto Ricans
• Cuban Americans

42
Culture and Counterculture

• 1960s Counterculture, hippies, turning on the
  establishment.
• Student Activism- college campuses, free speech
  movement.
• Life in the counterculture- live simple and do
  your own thing.
• Haight-Ashbury in San Francisco
• Rural Communes to drop out
• Hippie culture- religion, drugs, freedom,
  clothing, hair, and flower children.
• Summer of Love- 1967 in San Francisco.
• Decline- no means of support, lack of rules cause
  conflicts, and attracted sinister characters
  (Charles Manson)
• Mainstream reaction- objected to disrespectful,
  uncivilized, and threatening. Society
  unraveling- All in the Family.
• Legacy- Attitudes, Art (Pop Art), Film, and music
  (Bob Dylan and Woodstock)

43
1980s America in low spirits

• Lack of confidence in government
• Watergate
• Soviet Invasion of Afghanstan
• Iran Hostage Crisis
• Energy crisis and long gas lines.
• A growing conservative movement opposed to
  liberal social and racial policies, abortion
  rights, forced busing, welfare and affirmative
  action.
• The New Right- under President Reagan.
• Wanted to reverse some liberal policies- they
  endorsed school prayer, lower taxes,
  deregulation, small govt, strong military and
  teaching of the Bible.

44
Changes and Challenges in American Society

• Milestones for Women
• More women voting in 1980s- mostly democratic
• Sandra Day OConnor- 1st woman supreme court
  justice.
• Geraldine Ferraro- 1st woman Vice-President
  candidate.
• Changes in Immigration Laws- increased limits and
  legal status. Tough on Employers.
• Courts and Social Issues- School searches, equal
  access on school grounds to student religious
  groups, abortion rights and removal of life
  support.
• AIDS- (HIV)
• No Child Left Behind- 2001
• Sept. 11, 2001 and Homeland Security

45
Americas Changing Face- 2000- Today

• Population of tomorrow
• Regional Changes- South and western growth.
• Graying Population- Baby Boomers 2946-1964
• Technology
• Computers and Internet
• Agriculture and genetic engineering
• Exploration- space
• Health and Health Care
• Energy and the Environment
• Natural Disasters and FEMA