Making the Hybrid Electric Ground Vehicle Decision

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Making the Hybrid Electric Ground Vehicle
Decision 6th Annual Defense Attachés Technology
Forum 14 June 2007
Todd Turner Deputy Director for Air and Ground
Systems (Acting) Office of the Assistant
Secretary of the Army for Research Technology
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Science Technology for a Campaign Quality Army
with Joint Expeditionary Capabilities
Future Force
Current Force
Enabling the Future Force
Science and Technology develop and mature
technology to enable transformational
capabilities for the Future Modular Force while
seeking opportunities to accelerate technology
directly into the Current Modular Force
lt 40 lb. load
100 lb. load
Limited network
Fully networked
gt 70 tons
lt 30 tons
Enhancing the Current Force
lt 10 mph
gt 40 mph
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Power Technologies for DoDEPTI OSD Energy
Power Technology Initiative
OSD Energy and Power Technologies
Initiative (2002-present)
More Electric Aircraft
Electric Warship
Space Based Radar
ENERGY STORAGE
Power Needs

• Batteries
• Capacitors

POWER CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION

FY02 FY12
Warrior

• Switching Conditioning
• Power Transmission Distribution
• Thermal Management

Hybrid/Electric Combat Vehicle
New Operational Capabilities
Electric/Hybrid Weapons
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US Army Capabilities and Technical Challenges for
Future Ground Vehicles

• Reduction in size weight (10)
• Increase in power at wheels (gt50)
• Improved fuel efficiency (15-25)
• Integrated power management for efficiency, fuel
  savings
• Peak power for rapid acceleration with smaller
  engine
• Reduction in fuel re-supply logistics (10)
• Advanced energy storage for Silent Watch / Silent
  Mobility
• More energy for onboard equipment, exportable
  power
• Integrated thermal management (engine, electric
  machines, power conditioning)

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Enabling component technologies where are we
today?

• Transition Opportunities?
• Joint lightweight Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)
• Future Combat Systems (FCS)
• Re-power/Block Upgrades
• Global War on Terrorism (GWOT)
• Rapid Equipping Force (REF)

Impact on fuel economy and efficiency will be
realized only when technologies are transitioned
and incorporated into systems
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Transition Opportunities
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Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) Will they save
fuel? If so, how much? Issues?

• Business case for HEVs not solidly established
  for military applications to justify increased
  cost over vehicles with conventional drive trains
  
• Army ST, partnered with PEO CSCSS and Army Test
  Evaluation Center, is conducting instrumented
  tests to address business case and issues
• Fuel consumption in HEVs is heavily dependent on
  driving cycles, mission profiles and operational
  environment
• Test Evaluation
• Standard tests for fuel usage do not represent
  typical vehicle use profiles
• Test Operating Procedures favor conventional
  mechanical drive vehicles
• Energy Storage
• The most compact batteries are very expensive -
  affordability issues for Acquisition community
• Different applications/configurations favor
  different battery types
• Military solutions generally need high energy
  density AND power density
• Low Technical Maturity

Warfighting capability is the driver for military
user. Cost and maturity are deterrents to
acquisition deciders.
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Developing Test Operating Procedure (TOP) for
HEVs the Challenges

• Establishing procedures for mission profile-based
  test and evaluation
• Identifying a capabilities baseline and
  ensuring that baseline is not compromised during
  testing.
• Identifying adaptive test and evaluation
  procedures that address varying mission profile
  conditions
• Identifying processes by which all configurations
  and control strategies of hybrid propulsion
  systems can be tested to yield comparable,
  normalized results
• Development of a feasible and achievable field
  procedure to address fuel energy equivalent
  conversion to electrical energy storage based
  upon multiple data points
• Quantification of degradation and/or non-constant
  capacity of secondary energy storage system
• Evaluation for inclusion and definition of new
  types of transient cycles that accentuate hybrid
  propulsion benefits of dynamic over-the-road
  fuel economy
• Quantification of the fuel equivalent component
  of power requirements for on-board equipment
  loads (for both mobility and non-mobility loads)

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Path forward - What's possible? The Fuel
Efficiency Ground Vehicle Demonstrator
Description

• Survey Government and Industry to identify and
  harvest opportunities in fuel efficient
  technologies, lightweight components, and fuel
  efficient vehicles
• Leverage Government and Industry MS capabilities
  to build a virtual vehicle to predict
  performance, set objectives and establish test
  criteria
• Demonstrate decreased fuel consumption, without
  decreasing performance or capability, in a
  tactical vehicle using innovative design,
  advanced lightweight materials and fuel efficient
  components.

Demonstrate decreased fuel demand, without
decreasing capability. Goal is 30 fuel reduction
Funding Requirements
Benefits/Metrics

• ROI over Army light tactical vehicle fleet is
  approximately 51 based on usage of 4000 miles
  per vehicle per year.
• Every 1000 lbs in weight savings over baseline
  HMMWV results in a nominal .5-1 mpg highway
  fuel savings (Baseline is 8mpg_at_45mph)

Army Supporting Investment (PB-08)
Baseline is Heavy HMMWV
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US Army ST
Engine of Transformation