Amphibians

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Amphibians Reptiles

• Part TWO

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3. Some examples of snakes include a. Boa
constrictors are popular as pets because they
adjust well to captivity and tame quickly.
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Boas may grow to 18 feet long and feed on small
animals, birds, fish, and eggs.
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b. Common garter snakes adjust well to captivity
and can be tamed. They need leaves or foliage to
hide under and eat primarily insects, earthworms,
and sometimes frogs.
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garter
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garter
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They are easily recognized by the stripes running
the length of their body. Most reach 2 to 3 feet
long.
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CORN snake, a good beginner snake
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4. Some examples of reptiles include
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a. Geckos have four limbs and five toes on each
limb. Most geckos also have adhesive pads called
lamellae on their toes.
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Lamellae helps them climb on most surfaces
including the glass walls of an aquarium.
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They have large eyes because they are nocturnal
feeders and they can make sounds.
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b. Green Anole is a lizard that is often found in
pet stores. It reaches a length of about 8 inches
and feeds on insects. The green anole changes
colors from various shades of gray to brown.
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Common Green Iguana a large arboreal lizard
that may grow from 8 inches to 6 ½ feet, and
are found in pet stores.
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baby iguana
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d. Spiny-Tailed lizard may be used as a pet, but
its habitat must be hot and dry like the one it
lives in naturally (desert). AKA Uromastyx
Stewie!
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Ornate Uromastyx
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Skinks are very tame when kept in captivity and
make excellent pets. They need leaves to burrow
under as they are very secretive and prefer to
burrow under ground cover.
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Two types are the Austrailian Blue-Tongue and the
Solomans Giant Skink.
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The Austrailian Blue-Tongue feeds on baby mice,
lean raw meat, and high quality dog and cat food.
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The Solomans Giant Skink feeds on chopped fruits
and vegetables.
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Monitors that are used for pets include the Lace
Monitor, Sand Monitor, and Savannah Monitor.
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Savannah monitor
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However, most monitors including the Savannah
Monitor can reach large sizes of six feet or
more and can become hard to handle.
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Komodo Dragon

• the islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang
  (Republic of Indonesia)
• Member of Monitor family
• 6 10 feet
• 150 pounds (up to 300)
• Carnivores

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vDoV-LVzAP1c
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Common Chameleon is a true chameleon that
reaches about 10 inches in length. They can
change their color to adapt to surroundings very
quickly.
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Chameleons

• Have prehensile tail
• Long sticky tongue that allows it to catch its
  prey
• Rotating eyes that work independently of each
  other
• 135 species!!

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Handling

• Handling is stressful to Chameleons
• They can become docile if handled with care.
  (Confetti)
• They are pets that are better suited being being
  watched rather than handled a lot.

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• Jackson Chameleon
• 9-13 inches
• 3 horns that make them look like mini-triceratops
  
• Native to East Africa

• Veiled Chameleon
• 18-24 inches
• Large helmet-like structure on head
• Native to Saudi-Arabia

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• Panther Chameleon
• Can reach up to 21 inches!
• Many different color morphs
• Native to Madagascar

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Frilled lizard
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Frilled Lizard

• The neck frill is supported by long spines of
  cartilage, and when the lizard is frightened, it
  gapes its mouth showing a bright pink or yellow
  lining, and the frill flares out, displaying
  bright orange and red scales.

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PAGE 237 DIFFERENCES
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Members of the class Reptilia
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Reptiles date back to the Carboniferous period of
geological time. 330 million years ago, the
reptile developed the ability to lay an amniote
egg, making them the first animals with the
ability to live and multiply on land.
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1. Reptiles are cold blooded vertebrates that
have dry scaly skin and lungs for breathing.
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2. Have bony skeleton scales, or horny plates
that cover the body
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3. Heart has two auricles (atrium) and one
ventricle.
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• 4. Three body types include
• a. Long bodies and clearly defined tails
• i.e. crocodiles and lizards

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b. Long bodies that taper into tails like snakes,
and c. Short, thick bodies encased in shells like
turtles/tortoises
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5. Can be oviparous, ovovivipar-ous, or
viviparous in birthing
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a. Oviparous - egg laying
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b. Ovoviviparous- female keeps eggs within her
body until they hatch and young are born alive.
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c. Viviparous - young are developed inside a
pre-placenta sac
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Eggs covered by a leathery shell
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Characteristics of Amphibians
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Amphibians

• Cold blooded animals that have thin, moist skin
  and live in moist environments but do not have
  teeth or scales

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• Live their larval part of life in water and
  adult life partially or completely on land

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• Three orders include
• A. Caecilians worm like
• B. Newts Salamanders
• C. Frogs and Toads

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Caecilians
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• Mainly feed on insects, spiders, insect larvae
  and other small prey
• Larger species will feed on small rodents or mice

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DISEASES Affecting Amphibians Reptilesp. 239
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1. Salmonella- bacteria in the digestive tract
that gets overpopulated, watery green
diarrhea, foul-smelling. Can be transmitted to
humans.
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data suggests that reptile and amphibian
exposure is associated with approximately 74,000
Salmonella infections annually in the United
States
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Reptile owners should always wash their hands
thoroughly with soap and water after handling the
animals or their cages.
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Children under 5, people with compromised immune
systems and others at increased risk of infection
or serious complications should avoid contact
with reptiles.
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Reptiles should not be allowed to roam freely
throughout the home
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2. Pathogenic Amoebas- Entamoeba invadens invades
the digestive system, anorexia, diarrhea
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3. Environmental Control poor management,
swollen eyelids from eye irritant caused by dirty
water, cold temperatures and drafty conditions.
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4. Mouth Rot- fungal infection associated with
sores or open wounds on the mouth AKA Stomatitis
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Usually caused by stress from their environ-ment.
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Usually caused by stress from their environment.
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5. Aeromonas and Pseudomonas bacteria causes
digestive infections..
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Symptoms include diarrhea and appear anorexic,
not treated respiratory ailment/pneumonia
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6. Red leg frog disease, red blotches appear on
inside of thighs.
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• Red Leg is associated with
• poor husbandry conditions such as overcrowding
• poor sanitation
• spoiled food
• fecal-contaminated water
• trauma to the skin as a result of poor cage
  design
• housing at too low a temperature
• exposure to toxins such as pesticides.

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Red Leg
The animal may lose its appetite, appear bloated,
and be weak or lethargic. The hemorrhages, which
are observed on the limbs and other body
surfaces, may be pinpoint in size, up to very
large.
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Shedding- normal process of ridding of old skin
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A snake about to shed is referred to as being "in
the blue." The signs you will see indicating a
shed is about to take place are consistent and
include Skin becomes dull. Eyes become cloudy
or 'bluish.' Increase in nervous behavior
(because they cannot see well)
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Young snakes lizards shed more frequently than
older ones because growth is relatively rapid in
the first few years of life.
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Healthy snakes usually have little or no
difficulty with shedding and tend to shed their
skins in one entire piece.
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External Parasites
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1. Mites and ticks anemia, anorexia,
depression, stress, listlessness, lack of
appetite, death, consult veterinarian for
treatment.
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There is no easy way to get rid of mites. It
requires a two-pronged attack you must
aggressively treat the environment as well as the
reptile.
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You can treat the environment with toxic
pesticides after removing the reptile to a safe
area. While the environment is being fumigated,
you can work on the reptile using less toxic
means.
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you will have to repeat the treatment of the
environment and reptile at least once, possibly
twice, within a 2-6 week period.
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Place the lizard in a warm (80-85º F / 26-29º C),
shoulder-deep bath of diluted Betadine
(povidone-iodine) add enough Betadine to water
to make it the color of medium tea.
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Mite scaring
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Internal Parasites
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treat with worm medication
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1. Roundworms anemia, listlessness, no
appetite, anorexia
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2. Tapeworms anemia, listlessness, no appetite,
anorexia
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Vitamin deficiencies
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lack of proper nutrition, deformation in turtles
shell, respiratory diseases, pneumonia
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An owner of a reptile needs to offer a variety of
food to insure proper nutrients.
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Fungus
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1. Fungus infection effects newts and
salamanders from abrasions
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Thermal burn in iguana
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Computer Research Activity

• Select 1 reptile and 1 amphibian to research and
  share about with the class. Find pictures and at
  least 15 facts about each one you choose.