Binomial Nomenclature

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Binomial Nomenclature

• Scientific Naming

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Classification The Early Years

• Aristotles Classification System
• What were Aristotles categories
• What were these groups troublesome

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Ever hear of E. coli

• It is the abbreviated form of the scientific name
  of Escherichia coli

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T. rex.

• Tyrannosaurus rex
• Often lazy scientists just abbreviate the Genus
  with just a letter.

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binomial nomenclature

• is the formal method of naming organisms.

two terms the genus name and the species
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• Example Common name sugar pineScientific
  name Pinus lambertiana
• ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosalodgepole pine
  Pinus contorta

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Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli

• Genus is CAPITALIZED (written first)
• Species is lower case
• Written in Latin
• Italicized OR underlined

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Carolus Linnaeus devised the binomial
nomenclature system 1707-1778

• Studied medicine
• Disappointed parents that he did not enter
  priesthood
• Studied plants to make medicines

Our Hero
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Linnaeus Botanical Garden
Classification Chart of Primates
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Where do the name come from

• Often they are Latin words but they may also
  come from Ancient Greek from a place from a
  person (preferably a naturalist) a name from a
  local language etc. In fact taxonomists come up
  with specific descriptors from a variety of
  sources including inside-jokes and puns.

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Some Unusual Names

• Calponea harrisonfordi (spider) Named after
  Harrison Ford in appreciation of his narrating a
  documentary.
• Lalapa lusa (tiphiid wasp)
• Phytophthora infestans (fungus because of the
  Irish potato famine)

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Even Bigfoot has a Scientific Name

• Gigantopithecus blacki

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Biologists prefer to call them

• Their scientific name
• No two species have the same scientific name
  although they may share a common genus. The genus
  name shows a very close relationship.
• Felis domestica .....house cat
• Felis leo ............. lion
• Felis onca ........... jaguar
• Felis pardalis ....... ocelot
• Felis concolor ...... mountain lion

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How Can I Remember All Those Names

• Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Surfaces.

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Dichotomous Key

• An identification key also known as a
  dichotomous key is a method of deducing the
  correct species assignment of a living thing.

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• Dichotomous means divided into two parts.
  Therefore dichotomous keys always give two
  choices in each step.

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Key of Conifers in Pacific Northwest (click here)
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Dichotomous Plant Key (click Here)

• Figure out the mystery plants

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• Dichotomous Key Outline (get handout)
• So that you will recognize how to use a
  Dichotomous Key the first thing to do is choose
  the animal you want to classify  

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Key a Classmate

• (using various human or non-human
  characteristics)
• The following key is an example
• 1. Sex female---21. Sex male---5    2. Hair
  color red---Susan    2. Hair color brown or
  blond---33. Hair color blonde---Jane3. Hair
  color brown---4    4. Glasses worn---Donna   
  4. Glasses not worn---Linda5. Pants
  jeans---Caleb5. Pants slacks---6    6. Hair
  color black--James    6. Hair color brown--Zach

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Two Ways to Make the Key
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Divide into groups of 6

• Make a dichotomous key of the students in your
  group

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EEK! - Dichotomous Tree Key (click here for tree
examples)
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Tips for Making Your Key

• Use measurements rather than terms like large
  and small.

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Tips

• Make the choice a positive one - something is
  instead of is not.
• If possible start both choices of a pair with
  the same word.
• 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton
• b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton

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Another One
LEAF Tree ID Key (CLICK Here)
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A BRIEF KEY TO SELECTED TREES AND SHRUBS

• Tree key (Click Here)
• OR
• Identify Tree by Name

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Common Leaf Descriptions
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Make a Key of Your Leaves

• See Handout