Review for lab practicals

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Review for lab practicals

• Thanks to Professor Richard Palmer at the
  University of alberta in Canada who has allowed
  me to use his images
• For more images go to his website by clicking on
  Lab materials (images and questions)
• Dr. Sophie George, Georgia Southern University

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ReviewThe structure below is a ?

• Gemmule, a form of asexual reproduction in the
  Phylum Porifera, class Demospongia
• Made up of a mass of amoebocytes and spicules

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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa, obelia
A Perisarc B Gonozooid (reproductive
polyps) C Gastrozooid (feeding polyps)
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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa, Gonionemus
A Velum B ovary C radial canal
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Cross section of a planarian taken through the
pharynx region, Phylum Platyhelminthes, class
Turbellaria
A muscular pharynx B gastrovascular cavity C
mesoderm
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Internal structure of the chinese liver fluke
Phylum Platyhelminthes, class Trematoda
Monoecious attaches to the bile duct and releases
eggs that move through the digestive tract and
exit with the feces. Humans get infected by
eating poorly cooked fish D gut, E uterus, F
ovary H Testis, A B mouth and oral sucker
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Human blood fluke, Phylum Platyhelminthes, class
Trematoda
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• Class Cestoda
• Parasitic
• Mature proglottids are formed posteriorly
• Scolex holdfast equipped with hooks
• and suckers

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Cross section of female round worm, Phylum
Nematoda
A uterus B oviduct C intestine D ovary
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Dissection of the clam
Clams are filter feeders
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Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia, Dissection
Clams have an open circulatory system
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Phylum Annelida, Class Oligochaeta, earthworm

• Crop for food storage
• Gizzard for crushing of food
• Five hearts and closed circulatory system

• Typhlosole it increases the surface area for
  absorption of nutrients from the digested food
• Metanephridia for excretion
• Ventral nerve cord

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Crayfish dissection
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Appendages in the head region
Appendages used for touch, taste, crushing food,
food handling
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Appendages in the thorax

• Appendages used for touch taste and food handling
• Cheliped used for grasping food and defense
• Walking legs

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Appendages in the abdomen region
Appendages used for swimming and egg protection
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(No Transcript)
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Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustacea
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Phylum Arthropoda, Subphylum Chelicerata, Horse
shoe crab
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Pylum Echinodermata, Class Asteroidea Sea star
external anatomy
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Internal anatomy of the seastar
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Water vascular system in seastars
Function locomotion
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Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordataamphiox
us

• Notochord and nerve cord persistent throughout
  life
• Presence of many gill slits
• Presence of segmentally arranged muscles
  myotome
• No heart

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Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class
Agnatha, Sea lamprey internal structure

• Notochord prevents body from shortening when
  muscles contract.
• Skeleton also consist of cartilage
• Heart present

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Ammocoetes larva of sea lamprey
Two-chambered heart Seven pairs of gill
slits Myotomes lateral masses of
muscles Intestine with infolding the typhlosole
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Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Class
Chondrichthyes, Internal anatomy of the dogfish
shark
Things to note Liver 2 large lobes and a small
median lobe used as a storage organ and also for
buoyancy contains special oils squalene
Stomach walls of stomach thrown into
longitudinal folds called rugae
(wrinkled) Intestine fold of tissue spirals down
the ileum slows the passage of food through the
gut. Kidneys long and narrow Rectal gland
regulates ion balance Heart atrium and ventricle
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Male and female reproductive system of the shark,
claspers in males
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Phylum Chordata, Subphylum vertebrata, Class
OsteichthyesPerch

• Bony endoskeleton
• Homocercal tail (dorsal and ventral lobes the
  same length)
• Swim bladder present in many species
• Terminal mouth

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Male and female urogenital system
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Phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, Class
Amphibia Major muscles of the frog, ventral view

• Rectus abdominis and the external oblique are
  major muscles that assist in supporting the
  abdominal viscera
• The pectoralis and the deltoid are major muscles
  that flexs, adducts (pulls towards) and rotates
  the arm
• Gastrocnemius flexes shank and extends ankle and
  foot

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Major muscles dorsal view
Two major groups of muscles are found on any
limb Anterior and ventral muscles pull limb
forward and toward the body (adduction) examples
Gracilis major, Sartorius Posterior and dorsal
muscles draws the limb back and away from the
body (abduction) example, Triceps femoris
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Digestive system
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Circulatory system

• Partitioning of the heart into a double pump to
  supply blood to the lungs and body.
• Pulmonary
• circuit
• Systemic circuit
• Thick-walled ventricle
• Thin-walled atria

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The sinus venosus is made up of 2 branches of the
anterior vena cava and 1 branch, the posterior
vena cava
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Male and female urogenital system of frog
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Nervous system
1. Central nervous system, Brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system cranial and spinal
nerves, and the autonomic nervous system 10 pairs
of spinal nerves 1st three The brachial plexus
to arm, neck and shoulder 2nd three in body
wall 3rd set Sciatic plexus consisting of the
largest nerve in the body the sciatic nerve
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The brain