Migration waves during the 19th century: A Comparison Between the Migration waves from Germany to Ru

1
Migration waves during the 19th centuryA
Comparison Between the Migration waves from
Germany to Russia and from Ireland to
Americawith a spot on the current return movement
2
Reasons for Emigrating from Ireland to America

• the Irish Potato Famine (1845 1849)
• its aftermath, lasting until 1851
• high unemployment as a result of reformation of
  the agricultural law

http//www.jessajune.com/photos/2002/ireland/irela
nd216.jpg
3
Effects on Ireland and America

• IRELAND
• between 1.5 2 million people emigrated
• less people to feed / relatively low
  unemployment rate

• USA
• lots of unemployed people ?? cheap workforces
• more farmers, catholic priests, etc.
• enriched holiday calendar St. Patricks Day

4
Map of Irish Population in America during the
19th Century
http//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/irish_po
p_1872.jpg
5
The Return Movement of the Irish

• there isnt a real return movement to Ireland
• thousands are leaving the Green Island annually
• in 2002 more than 60,000 people immigrated
• 11,634 asylum seekers
• in 2004 a law that gave everyone born on Irish
  soil Irish nationality was changed by plebiscite

6
Reasons for Emigrating from Germany to Russia

• Manifesto of the Russian Empress Catherine II
• subsidies for raising a company (cheap workers)
• free practicing of religion
• exemption of joining the army
• exemption of paying taxes for at least ten years

• not enough space to grow enough crops to feed a
  family

• Rev. Samuel G.C. Cloeter had idea of founding
  settlements as refuges for Christians during end
  times

http//www.library.yale.edu/slavic/coins/images/po
rtraits/Catherine2.jpg
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Effects on Germany and Russia

• GERMANY
• more space for other farmers
• fewer soldiers for following wars
• loss of craftsmen and wealthy people

• RUSSIA
• more skilled farmers for cultivating for new
  regions
• German entrepreneurs empowered Russian economy
• Russian farmers in competition with German
  farmers
• nomads felt endangered and robbed of their land

8
German Settlements in Russia during the 19th
Century
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The Return Movement of the Germans from Russia

• started in 1980s
• until 1990 most of them were religious refugees
• after fall of the Iron Curtain 1.6 million German
  Russians returned to Germany
• they thought life in Germany would be better

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History of the Families Sütterlin and Albach I

• he moved to Gnadenburg at the age of 22 in the
  summer of 1890
• worked there as a carpenter
• 1914 he had six children, three others died
  early
• exported queen bees to Germany and the US, ran a
  farm and a carpenters shop
• was deported to work camp north of Moscow
  (railroad worker)
• was released in 1918
• returned to Germany with a part of his children

Paul Sütterlin
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History of the Families Sütterlin and Albach II

• Soviets closed down the borders in 1929
• was deported to Siberia and probably died there
  (his father was executed at the age of 72)
• people of Gnadenburg were brought to a kolkhoz in
  Kazakhstan
• my grandmother married and they moved to
  Nowokusnezk
• returned to Germany in June 1990

Ernst Sütterlin
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The Caucasus Region - Impressions
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For More Information . . .

• Click
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_minority_in_Russia_a
  nd_Soviet_Union
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Potato_Famine_281845
  -184929
• www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm
  ?id260
• Read
• Schnurr, J. (Eds.). Die Kirchen und das
  religiöse Leben der Russlanddeutschen.
  Evangelischer Teil. (pp. 432-436). Stuttgart AER
  Verlag
• Or ask
• my grandparents ?