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Chapter 1 Computer Technology: Your Need to Know

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Title: Chapter 1 Computer Technology: Your Need to Know


1
Chapter 1Computer Technology Your Need to Know
2
Chapter Goals
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Describe the activities of information systems
    professionals.
  • Describe the technical knowledge of computer
    hardware and systems software needed to develop
    and manage information systems.
  • Identify additional sources of information for
    continuing education in computer hardware and
    systems software.

3
Technology and Knowledge
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Technical knowledge of computer hardware and
    systems software is required to develop
    information systems

4
Technology and Knowledge
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Every day technical devices do not require
    detailed understanding of how they work to be
    able to use them.
  • Although the design of computer systems have
    become more complex, computers have become easier
    to use.

5
Technology and Knowledge
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Since computer systems are easier to use, many
    computers are used in business and the home.

6
Technology and Knowledge
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • If computers have become so easy to use, then
    why do you need to know anything about their
    inner technology?

7
Acquiring and Configuring Technological Devices
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • The knowledge required to purchase and configure
    technically complex devices is greater than the
    knowledge needed to use them

8
Acquiring and Configuring Technological Devices
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • To purchase a computer, you must
  • Know your hardware and software preferences.
  • Know your hardware and software requirements.
  • Have sufficient knowledge of the available
    alternatives.
  • Understand related technical terms.

9
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • The steps necessary to develop an information
    system are called the System Development Life
    Cycle (SDLC)

10
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
11
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • The systems survey step examines user
    information needs, ways in which those needs are
    being addressed (if any), and the feasibility of
    developing or acquiring an information system to
    address those needs.

12
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Systems Survey step
  • Determines the cost and benefits of alternative
    systems.
  • Takes days or weeks to complete.
  • Determines whether the estimated benefit of the
    alternative solution justifies continuing the
    SDLC.

13
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Systems Survey knowledge needed
  • Knowledge of hardware and systems software is
    required to assess the degree to which user needs
    are currently being met, and to estimate the
    resources required to address unmet needs.

14
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Typical questions asked during the Systems
    Survey step for a point of sale system
  • How much time is required to process a sale?
  • Is the existing system easy for a salesperson to
    use?
  • Is sufficient information being gathered for
    marketing purposes?

15
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Typical questions asked during the Systems
    Survey step for a point of sale system (cont.)
  • Can the existing hardware handle peak sales
    volumes (for example, holidays)?
  • Can the existing system be expanded easily?
  • What are the current hardware operating costs?
  • Are there cheaper hardware alternatives?

16
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • The systems analysis step examines the user needs
    and the extent to which they are being met.
  • Called needs analysis or requirements analysis.

17
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Systems analysis step
  • Takes weeks or months to complete.
  • Produces a requirements document.
  • Reexamines and answers systems survey questions
    in more detail.

18
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Typical outcomes
  • Detailed descriptions of user interfaces and data
    access speed
  • Detailed data-processing and storage requirements

19
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • The systems design step determines the exact
    configuration of all hardware and software
    components.

20
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Design tasks during the systems analysis step
  • Selecting computer hardware
  • Selecting computer software
  • Selecting application program development tools

21
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Design decisions made based on earlier
    decisions
  • Files or database design
  • Program design
  • User interface design
  • Design of system backup and recovery mechanisms

22
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
23
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Technical knowledge needed
  • System requirements and the capabilities of that
    hardware and operating system
  • Development tool selection

24
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • The systems implementation step is constructed
    based on the blue prints created during systems
    design

25
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • During the systems implementation step
  • Hardware and systems software are acquired,
    installed, configured and tested
  • Application programs and files are developed,
    installed and tested
  • The entire system is tested

26
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Technical knowledge needed
  • Knowledge of hardware and systems software
  • Installation and configuration of hardware and
    systems software
  • Knowledge of how to format storage devices, set
    up security systems, install application programs
    and establish accounting and auditing systems

27
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • During the maintenance step, the system is
    evaluated for errors that escaped undetected
    during installation and testing.
  • Minor changes are made as maintenance changes.

28
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Technical knowledge needed
  • Knowledge is needed to classify the proposed
    change as minor or major
  • Knowledge is needed about the hardware and
    software components that are affected by the
    change

29
Information System Development
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • If systems evaluation and maintenance
    determines that a new system is needed, then a
    new SDLC will be initiated.

30
Management of Computer Resources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Knowledge is needed to manage the computer
    resources within a large organization.
  • The manager of a collection of information
    systems must contend with a great deal of
    technical complexity.

31
Management of Computer Resources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Attention must be paid to two important
    technological issues
  • Compatibility
  • Future trends

32
Management of Computer Resources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Compatibility
  • The new system must not only operate correctly by
    itself, but also operates smoothly with all of
    the other systems in the organization.

33
Management of Computer Resources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Future Trends
  • The manager must have a broad understanding of
    current technology, as well as future technology
    trends.

34
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • A large number of people can be classified
    loosely as computer professionals, and an even
    larger number use computers in the workplace,
    school or home.

35
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Computer Professional Groups
  • Application Development Personnel
  • Systems Software Personnel
  • Hardware Personnel
  • Systems Management Personnel

36
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Application Development Personnel
  • Systems Analyst
  • Systems Designer
  • Application Programmer

37
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • A systems analyst primarily is responsible for
    conducting surveys, determining feasibility, and
    defining and documenting user requirements.
  • A systems designer primarily is responsible for
    procuring hardware and procuring or designing
    applications software.

38
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • An application programmer primarily is
    responsible for software implementation and
    testing.

39
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Systems Software Personnel
  • Systems programmers are responsible for the
    development of systems software such as
  • Operating systems
  • Compilers
  • Database management systems
  • Network monitors.

40
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Hardware Personnel
  • Hardware personnel are responsible for
    hardware design, installation, and maintenance.

41
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Systems Management Personnel
  • Computer operations manager
  • Network administrator
  • Database administrator
  • Chief Information Officer

42
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • A computer operations manager is responsible for
    the day-to-day operation of a large
    information-processing facility.
  • The operation can include scheduling, staffing,
    security, system backups, maintenance and
    upgrades.

43
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • A network administrator is responsible for the
    network infrastructure and the management of a
    local area network.

44
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • A database administrator is responsible for the
    management and access to collections of data
    stored in databases.

45
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • A Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible
    for the management of the personnel and computer
    software and hardware.

46
Roles and Job Titles
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • A Chief Information Officer is for the management
    of the database administrator, network
    administrator and computer operations manager.
  • This position is also responsible for the
    computer, networks and software owned and
    operated by an organization.

47
Computer Technology Information Sources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Sources to keep you up-to-date in the field
  • Periodical literature
  • Technology-oriented Web sites
  • Vendor and Manufacturer Web sites
  • Professional Societies

48
Computer Technology Information Sources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Periodical Literature
  • ACM Computing Surveys
  • Computerworld
  • Communications of the ACM
  • Computer

49
Computer Technology Information Sources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
50
Computer Technology Information Sources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Technology-Oriented Web Sites
  • There are many Web sites that are devoted to
    serving the information needs of computer
    professionals.

51
Computer Technology Information Sources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
52
Computer Technology Information Sources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Vendor and Manufacturer Web Sites
  • Vendor Web Pages are oriented to sales, but
    they usually contain detailed information on
    products either directly or as links to
    manufacturer Web sites.

53
Computer Technology Information Sources
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
54
Professional Societies
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Association for Information Technology
    Professionals (AITP)
  • Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
  • Institute for Electrical and Electronics
    Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society

55
Summary
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Technical knowledge of computer hardware and
    systems software is required to develop
    information systems.
  • Technical knowledge also is required to manage
    the computer resources of an organization.
  • Technical knowledge constantly must be updated
    due to changes in hardware and software
    technology.

56
Summary
Chapter 1
Systems Architecture
  • Information about computer hardware and software
    is readily available on the World Wide Web.
  • An understanding of computer technology is
    necessary.
  • Computer knowledge can be updated through reading
    periodicals, using Web sites and joining
    professional societies.
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