Deck Seamanship

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Deck Seamanship Safety
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Learning Objectives

• Know the general dangers involved with shipboard
  deck evolutions.
• Explain the role of Officers as safety observers
  during deck evolutions.
• Know the terms and nomenclature of shipboard deck
  equipment and fittings.

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Learning Objectives

• Know responsibilities and safety precautions
  relative to small boat operations.
• Know the importance of "common sense" in
  identifying general deck safety hazards.

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Fundamental Philosophy of Deck Seamanship

• A ship is an industrial environment and it is a
  dangerous place to work.
• It can be made safe by
• Taking care
• Using common sense
• Not hurrying

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Where officers fit into the picture

• Most junior enlisted sailors feel that they are
  immune from danger.
• It is the senior personnel who must ensure that
  they don't find out how wrong they are!
• The safety officer must resist the temptation to
  get involved in the activities.
• Allow the sailor to do the job!

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Personal Protective Gear

• Footwear
• Steel-toed boots, or "boondockers
• "Plastic" shoes (corfram or clothing, such as
  CNT, for that matter)

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Personal Protective Gear

• Hard Hats / Cranials
• Whenever work is going on, a hard hat should be
  worn.
• It won't protect against a falling truck, but it
  will keep a wrench from knocking a person out
  when it is dropped from above.
• White is the hard hat color worn by officers and
  other safety/supervisory personnel

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Personal Protective Gear

• Hand and Eye Protection
• Whenever power tools are in use, hand and eye
  protection should be worn.
• Many other times where common sense should tell
  one to use hand and eye protection.
• When working with pressurized fluid systems, eye
  protection could prevent serious injury

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Personal Protective Gear

• Hearing Protection
• A common industrial injury is hearing loss.
• This is one of the most difficult to notice and
  protect against.
• Most people do not worry about loud noises for
  short periods of time, and when it is more
  expedient not to wear hearing protection, will
  not do so.

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Personal Protective Gear

• Loose Clothing
• Anytime work is being done around rotating
  machinery, or any moving system, loose clothing
  becomes dangerous.

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Personal Protective Gear

• Flotation Devices
• Life jackets and other personal flotation devices
  should be worn when common sense dictates.
• On the flight deck, or during combat conditions,
  where a kapok-type life preserver is too bulky,
  other means (CO2 inflatable preservers) are
  substituted.

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FLOAT COAT
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Ground tackle, Anchoring, and Mooring

• The number one safety rule
• Never stand in the bight of a line or cable!
• Pre-brief

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Anchoring

• With ground tackle and anchoring, a yellow "shot"
  of anchor chain is a warning, and a red "shot" is
  danger.
• Letting go of the anchor should be done slowly
  and with great control
• but if the anchor is "free falling" out of
  control and one of these shots appears, get out
  of the way!
• The Gouge
• 6 ft / fathom
• 90 ft / shot
• 15 fathoms / shot

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Mooring

• When mooring, ensure that all line handlers are
  in safe zones when working tensioned lines.
• Keep an eye on the tattletales and on the general
  motion of the ship.
• Personnel on the bridge are more concerned about
  maneuvering and positioning the ship, and it is
  easy to loose the big picture regarding lines.

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Mooring

• Avoid a parted line by keeping the bridge
  informed as line tension increases and by
  watching what is happening around the line.
• Standard Commands to Line Handlers.

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Towing

• Towing is an immensely complicated process, and
  thoroughly briefing the plan of action is
  essential.
• But in general, the same safety rules apply - tow
  lines part more frequently than mooring lines.
• An ax should be located near the tow rig to cut
  away the line, if necessary

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Small Boat Handling

• Boat Handling - boats are brought on or lowered
  by either davits, booms, or cranes.
• A few common safety tips apply to all cases.

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Small Boat Handling

• Winch Handles
• When using a davit, the manual (gravity) winch
  handle should be either in the hand or in the
  holder. Never leave an unattended winch handle
  in the winch....if it free falls, the winch
  handle will rotate very quickly on its own.

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Small Boat Handling

• Monkey Lines
• Monkey lines are on the span wire to be used. A
  person should place about three-quarters of
  his/her weight on the lines so that if the boat
  should fall out from under the individual, he/she
  will not fall with the boat.

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Small Boat Handling

• Hard Hats and Helmets
• Wear when a boat is being lowered.
• A helmet firmly attached to the head will act
  like a parachute should an individual hit the
  water. This could cause irreparable damage to
  the neck.
• Have a break-away chin strap.

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Small Boat Handling

• Stand outboard when a boat is being lowered.
• It is much better to be between the boat and the
  sea than between the boat and the ship.
• Weather

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Cargo Handling and UNREP

• Safety is an issue anytime weight is being
  handled, especially during cargo onloads or
  offloads and during UNREPs.
• The following general precautions must be
  followed
• Pre-Brief
• Training

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Cargo Handling and UNREP

• Stand clear of the load. Never get between a
  load and the ship.
• It is amazing how many people think they can get
  on one side of a 5 ton load and push it into
  position.
• Do not allow someone to get trapped between the
  load and a bulkhead.

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Rope vs. Line

• Ropes
• Manufactured from wire, fiber, or a combination
  of the two.
• Lines
• Fiber rope
• Natural cotton, hemp
• Synthetic nylon, polyester, polypropylene,
  polyethylene

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Working with lines and rope

• Gloves
• When working with wire rope, a person must wear
  gloves. There are many "fishhooks" (fragments of
  wire) that can cut a hand, and the grease that
  covers most rope is not good for an open cut.

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Working with lines and rope

• Gloves
• When handling line, however, a person should
  generally not wear gloves (avoids getting caught
  in lay of line)
• Keep hands at least 18 inches from a bit,
  pad-eye, or snatch block.

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Working with lines and rope

• Parting
• Wire ropes part just like lines do, and care
  should be taken not to rush evolutions that
  involve wire rope.
• Although it doesn't tend to snap back like
  synthetic line, a parting rope or line is
  dangerous.

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Working with lines and rope

• Deterioration
• The biggest danger with natural fiber lines is
  rotting.
• That is the advantage of synthetic fiber lines
  even though they "snap back" when parted.

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Synthetic Line Snapback

• Synthetic lines, when parted, react like a
  rubber band. Always keep this in mind when
  working with synthetic line. Stand in safe
  zones.
• Pay attention to "tattletales" which will part
  before the line they are spliced into parts.
• Film Synthetic Line Snapback

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Life lines, life rails, and safety chains

• Life lines
• Flexible lines rigged between stanchions to
  prevent falls (note not to lean on).
• Life rails
• Permanent rails set up to prevent falls.
• Safety Chains
• Are rigged around an open hatch in a deck.
• They prevent people from falling where a
  permanent fixture is not possible.

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Working Aloft

• An Officer of the Deck (In Port) will be
  approached with requests from sailors to go
  aloft, perhaps to repair an antenna.
• Anyone working aloft is required to have a safety
  harness rigged and tended.
• Knowledgeable supervisor. Make sure the
  supervisor intends to remain on scene and is
  qualified to oversee the evolution.

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Working Aloft

• When people are working aloft, ensure that
  radar's and radios have been deenergized and have
  the quarterdeck pass the word at regular
  intervals.

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Working over the Side

• Similar to working aloft
• A life jacket, one that is specially rigged to
  work with a safety harness, must be worn.
• Also ensure that a competent supervisor is
  assigned.
• Generally, working aloft or over the side is
  discouraged while underway. Permission to do so
  is granted only by the CO.

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Holds Voids

• Working in holds does not require the word to be
  passed, or life jackets to be worn, but anytime
  cargo is being moved, a safety officer must be on
  scene.
• Ensure that all heads are looking up at the load
  while it is being lowered into the hold, and that
  no one is in danger of being pinned by the load.

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Holds Voids

• Most importantly, people should avoid walking
  under a load. It doesn't happen often, but a
  winch brake may give way and a load fall.
• Also watch for material falling off of cargo.

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Holds Voids

• In closed compartments (tanks/voids, etc.)
• A tended safety line must be used.
• The space must be certified "gas free".
• No naked lights allowed.
• Not what you think.
• Approval for entry granted by the GFE, Department
  Head and CDO/SDO.

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Conclusion

• Common sense is the name of the game. If it
  looks wrong, it probably is.
• Thorough training and briefing will pay off in
  the long run.
• Doing the job correctly usually means doing it
  slowly.

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The number of accidents in the fleet today is
surprisingly low considering the type of work
done. It is up to the officer to keep it that way
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