Englands Expectations of its Colonies

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Englands Expectations of its Colonies

• Reasons a European country would want colonies
• Mercantilism
• Obtain raw materials at lowest possible price
• Provide a market for finished goods

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Englands Expectations of its Colonies

• Reasons a European country would want colonies
• Provide naval experience and spread influence
• establish naval and army supply bases
• train the population with naval skills.

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Englands Expectations of its Colonies

• Reasons a European country would want colonies
• Raise Tax Revenues
• Minimum expectation was that colonies would pay
  for themselves
• England sought revenue to pay War Debts

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• King Williams War 1689-1697 8 yrs
• 4 years of peace
• Queen Annes War 1701-1713 12 yrs of war
• 31 years of peace
• King Georges War 1744-1748 4 year war that
  grew into war with Spain, France, Prussians,
  Netherlands
• 6 years of Peace
• French Indian War 7 Years War 1754-1763 (9
  years, the first 2 exclusively in the Americas)

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Englands Expectations of its Colonies

• Reasons a European country would want colonies
• Raise Tax Revenues
• Minimum expectation was that colonies would pay
  for themselves
• England sought revenue to pay War Debts
• Colonies were to provide an outlet for
  undesirables on the mainland
• They are emptying their jakes (toilets) upon
  our tables.

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Englands Expectations of its Colonies

• Critical Evaluation of American Colonies
• Mercantilism
• Naval influence
• Tax Revenues
• Undesirables

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The Growing Gulf between England and the Colonies

• The Early Years 1607-1763
• Salutary Neglect
• beneficial ignoring
• Allowed colonists room to form their own
  traditions and institutions
• Laws that were generally not enforced
• Navigation Acts
• Molasses Act of 1733

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The Growing Gulf between England and the Colonies

• The Pivotal Event the French Indian War
• Brief Overview
• Led to a financial crisis that led England to
  re-evaluate Salutary Neglect
• New Goals - 1763
• Cut costs of running colonies get them
  profitable
• Raise revenue to pay off war debts

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The Growing Gulf between England and the Colonies

• Specific Points of Tension
• The Proclamation of 1763
• Cut costs by controlling costs of protecting from
  the Indians

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The Growing Gulf between England and the Colonies

• Specific Points of Tension
• The Sugar Act of 1764
• Raised import duty on sugar
• Admiralty Courts rather than colonial juries

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The Growing Gulf between England and the Colonies

• Specific Points of Tension
• The Currency Act of 1764
• Required payment of taxes in hard currency
• Made payment of taxes more difficult, hurt rich
  colonists over time

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The Growing Gulf between England and the Colonies

• Specific Points of Tension
• The Quartering Act of 1765
• Required colonies to pay costs of keep British
  troops in the colonies
• Colonial anger resistance.

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The Growing Gulf between England and the Colonies

• Specific Points of Tension
• The Stamp Act of 1765
• A direct tax on colonial paper products
• Direct vs. Indirect taxes.

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Specific Points of Tension

• The Stamp Act of 1765
• Colonial resistance
• Stamp Act Congress 1765
• No Taxation without Representation
• Boycott
• The Sons of Liberty

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What to make of the Sons of Liberty?
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Specific Points of Tension

• The Stamp Act of 1765
• Colonial resistance
• Stamp Act Congress 1765
• The Sons of Liberty
• Outcomes
• cancellation of the Stamp Act, 1766
• The Declaratory Act of 1766

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Specific Points of Tension

• The Townsend Duties, 1767
• Indirect duties on Lead, Tea, Glass and Paint
• Writs of Assistance.

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Specific Points of Tension

• The Boston Massacre - March 5th, 1770
• Colonial agitation in Boston in the winter in
  1770
• A massacre?

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Specific Points of Tension

• The Boston Massacre, 1770
• Colonial agitation in Boston in the winter in
  1770
• A massacre?
• Outcomes
• Cancelled Quartering Act, Townsend Duties
• Kept one tax on tea as a matter of principle

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Specific Points of Tension

• The Committees of Correspondence - 1772

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Specific Points of Tension

• The Tea Act of 1773
• Background anger over the tea tax issue
• A monopoly for British East India Company
• Colonial Response The Boston Tea Party

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Specific Points of Tension

• The Coercive or Intolerable Acts 1774
• Designed to Punish Bostons rebellion to coerce
  obedience
• Closed Boston, reinstated Quartering Act, put
  Massachusetts under military rule

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Specific Points of Tension

• First Continental Congress September, 1774
• Met to discuss response to Coercive Acts
• Organized boycott, colonial militias

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Specific Points of Tension

• Lexington and Concord, April 19th 1775

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The Early War 1775-1777

• The First Year of the War
• The Siege of Boston
• Bunker/Breeds Hill June 17th, 1775

The British say we wont fight by heavens, I
hope I shall die up to my knees in blood!
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The Early War 1775-1777

• The First Year of the War
• Ticonderoga Henry Knox

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The Early War 1775-1777

• The First Year of the War
• Ticonderoga
• Dorchester Heights March, 1776

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The Early War

• The Declaration of Independence
• Coming to Independence
• Attitudes at the outbreak of war in 1775

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The Early War

• The Declaration of Independence
• Coming to Independence
• Changing Attitudes by 1776
• British refuse moderate petitions ex Olive
  Branch
• British rudeness in the war
• Treatment of colonials
• Hessians
• Propaganda such as Common Sense, by Thomas Paine

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The Early War

• The Declaration of Independence
• Coming to Independence
• Changing Attitudes by 1776
• British refuse moderate petitions ex Olive
  Branch
• British rudeness in the war
• Treatment of colonials
• Hessians
• Propaganda such as Common Sense, by Thomas Paine
• Increasing American deaths

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The Declaration of Independence

• Analysis of the Text
• Authorship T. Jefferson committee

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The Declaration of Independence

• Analysis of the Text
• Purposes
• To set out a new Philosophy of Government
• Equal creation by God
• Unalienable rights Life, Liberty, Pursuit of
  Happiness
• Purpose of Government? - To protect and secure
  peoples unalienable rights
• What to do with governments that dont do this?
• Establish a government to secure these rights

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The Declaration of Independence

• Analysis of the Text
• Purposes
• To Justify colonial rebellion
• To list the long train of abuses to the British
  government
• To convince colonists who do not yet support
  independence
• To convince other Britons of the rightness of the
  colonial cause
• To assist in acquiring Foreign aid

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The Declaration of Independence

• Analysis of the Text
• Purposes
• To Formally declare Independence from Britain
• An act of treason
• We pledge our Lives, our Fortunes and our Sacred
  Honor.