WAP TECHNOLOGY by nitin govindan

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Introduction to WAP

• by
• Nitin Govindan

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Contents

• WAP Introduction
• WAP architecture requirements
• Architecture overview
• Components of WAP architecture
• Sample Configuration of WAP technology
• Usage, Advantages Disadvantages of WAP
• Summary

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What is WAP ?

• An open, global specification that empowers
  mobile users with wireless devices to easily
  access and interact with internet information and
  services instantly.
• The wireless industry came up with the idea of
  WAP. The point of this standard was to show
  internet contents on wireless clients, like
  mobile phones

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History of WAP

• WAP is a global standard and not controlled by
  any single company, Ericsson, Nokia ,Motorola and
  unwired planet founded the WAP forum in the
  summer of June 26, 1997 with the initial purpose
  of defining an industry-wide specification for
  developing application over wireless
  communication networks

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More points on wap

• WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol
• WAP is an application communication protocol
• WAP is used to access services and information
• WAP is inherited from Internet standards
• WAP is for handheld devices such as mobile phones
  
• WAP is a protocol designed for micro browsers
• WAP enables the creating of web applications for
  mobile devices.
• WAP uses the mark-up language WML (not HTML) WML
  is defined as an XML 1.0 application

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Popular WAP gadgets
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This is how Internet works
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WAP Architecture
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WAP application server
WAP Application Server
Application Logic
WSP/WTP
WML Decks with WML-Script
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This how you access internet via WAP

• You turn on the device and open the minibrowser
• The device sends out a radio signal, searching
  for service.
• A connection is made with your service provider.
• You select a Web site that you wish to view.
• A request is sent to a gateway server using WAP.
• The gateway server retrieves the information via
  HTTP from the Web site.
• The gateway server encodes the HTTP data as WML.
• The WML-encoded data is sent to your device.
• You see the wireless Internet version of the Web
  page you selected.

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And this is how a normal internet window view
look with WAP
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WAP protocol stack
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Wireless Application Environment

• General Purpose Application Environment based
  on combination of WWW and Mobile Telephony
  Technologies.
• Wireless Markup Language (WML), WMLScript.

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Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)

• Opens a session of communication between client
  and server.
• Establishes protocol and negotiations
• Exchanges encoded data
• Exchanges requests and replies
• Supports asynchronous transmission of data.

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Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)

• Deals with transaction and retransmission of
  data, separation and concatenation of data.
• Has a separate interface to manage WTP layer and
  settings of handheld device.

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Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

• Security Protocol
• Used for secure communication between terminals
• Provides the following
• Data Integrity
• Privacy
• Authentication
• Denial-of-service protection

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Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)

• Transport Layer Protocol.
• Offers consistent service and common interface to
  upper layers of protocols.
• Enhances communication between Bearer Services
  and upper level protocols.

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Bearers

• Products that implement WAP in their network and
  technology.
• Eg CDPD, Mobitex, GSM

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WAP Network
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WAP terms

• WAP Device
• - Is used to access WAP applications and
  content. It might be a PDA, handheld computer.
• WAP Client
• - Entity that receives content from Internet
  via a WAP Gateway. This is usually the WAP
  Browser.
• WAP Content/Origin/Application Server
• - Element in the network where the information
  or web/WAP applications resides.

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Contd.

• WAP Gateway
• - Intermediary element used to connect two
  different types of network. It receives request
  directly from the clients as if it actually were
  the origin server that clients want to receive
  the information form. The clients are usually
  unaware that they are speaking to the Gateway.
• WAP Browser
• Software running on the WAP device that
  interprets the WAP content arriving from the
  internet and decides how to display it on WAP
  device.

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WML

• WML Wireless Markup Language formerly called
  HDML (Handheld Devices Markup Language)
• Is a tag language that allows the text portions
  of Web Pages to be presented on cellular phones
  and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) via
  wireless access.
• WML is used for delivering data to WAP devices,
  and is HTML- like in its appearance.
• An alternative to WML is I-Modes cHTML language.

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Difference between WAP/WML HTML
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HTML vs. HDML vs. WML

• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the language
  that is used to translate data to a web browser
  to be viewed by a user.
• Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML) is used
  to incorporate handheld or portable device
  applications such as a micro browser.
• Wireless Markup Language (WML) is a language
  derived from HTML that is used with WAP to
  incorporate WAP features.

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WML Example
WMLgt ltCARDgt ltDO TYPEACCEPTgt ltGO
URLeCard/gt lt/DO Welcome! lt/CARDgt
ltCARD NAMEeCardgt ltDO TYPEACCEPTgt
ltGO URL/submit?N(N)S(S)/gt lt/DOgt
Enter name ltINPUT KEYN/gt Choose speed
ltSELECT KEYSgt ltOPTION
VALUE0gtFastlt/OPTIONgt ltOPTION
VALUE1gtSlowlt/OPTIONgt ltSELECTgt
lt/CARDgt lt/WMLgt
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Usage of WAP

• - Corporate Applications Sales force automation
  where sales people use their WAP enabled handsets
  to get instant, direct access to the latest
  pricing, latest news, competitive information any
  time, anywhere.
• - Online Services
• Banking Users can get their current balance,
  transfer funds between accounts and receive fax
  of a mini-statement.
• Electronic Commerce Subscribers can use their
  handset just like their PC to purchase products
  and services over the Web.

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Contd.

• Prepaid Services With a WAP-enabled phone,
  prepaid subscribers can see their current balance
  with the press of a button. By pressing another
  button, they can also recharge their account by
  entering a credit card or voucher number into the
  handset.
• Personal Productivity
• Email Using WAP users can keep track of their
  email right from their handset.
• Others include
• Interactive Chat
• Auctions
• Games

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Advantages of WAP

• open standard, vendor independent
• network-standard independent
• transport mechanismoptimized for wireless data
  bearers
• application downloaded from the server, enabling
  fast service creation and introduction, as
  opposed to embedded software

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Disadvantages

• Speed of access All devices have slow access.
• Limited or fragmented availability Wireless web
  access is sporadic in many areas and entirely
  unavailable in other areas.
• Price Many technology limitations are being
  addressed by higher-end devices and services. But
  the entry price for a good wireless web palmtop
  with decent display, keyboard, and speed is
  easily 700 to 900, not including monthly
  access.
• Lack of user habit It takes some patience and
  overcoming the learning curve to get the hang of
  it -- connecting, putting in an address, typing.
  Users just aren't used to the idea and protocol
  yet.
• Small screens For web phones, there's an
  incredibly small viewing area palmtops are
  barely better

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Summary

• WAP provides a markup language and a transport
  protocol that open the possibilities of the
  wireless environment and give players from all
  levels of the industry the opportunity to access
  an untapped market that is still in its infancy.
• The bearer-independent nature of WAP has proved
  to be a long-awaited breath of fresh air for an
  industry riddled with multiple proprietary
  standards that have suffocated the advent of a
  new wave of mobile-Internet communications. WAP
  is an enabling technology that, through gateway
  infrastructure deployed in mobile operator's
  network, will bridge the gap between the mobile
  world and the Internet, bringing sophisticated
  solutions to mobile users, independent of the
  bearer and network.
• Backed by 75 percent of the companies behind the
  world's mobile telephone market and the huge
  development potential of WAP, the future for WAP
  looks bright.

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Refrences

• about.com http//compnetworking.about.com/od/wirel
  esswap/l/aa123000a.htm
• howstuffworks.com http//www.howstuffworks.com/sea
  rch.php?termswap
• wikipedia.org http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireles
  s_Application_Protocol
• w3schools.com http//www.w3schools.com/wa
  p/wap_intro.asp

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