Pacem in Terris

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PACEM IN TERRIS

• Encyclical of Pope John XXIII
• On Establishing Universal Peace in Truth,
• Justice, Charity, and Liberty
• April 11, 1963
• Presented by Patrick and Gail Flanagan
• December 18, 2010

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preLUDE

1. Historical Background 1961-1964
2. Biography of Pope John XXIII
3. Order between Individuals and Public Authorities
4. Relations between States
5. Relationship of Men and of Political Communities
   with the World Community
6. Pastoral Exhortations
7. What Does This Mean to Us Today?

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Historical Background1961-1964
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1961

• April 17 Bay of Pigs Invasion

April 12 Yuri Gagarin 1st man to orbit the
earth
May 5 Alan Shepard 1st American to go into
space
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• August 13 the Berlin Wall is erected

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1962

• Aug- Nov 20 -The Cuban Missile Crisis

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February 20 John Glenn is 1st American to orbit
the earth
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• October 11 Pope John XXIII opens the 2nd
  Vatican Council
• Song of the Year Moon River (Mancini/Mercer)

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1963

• Jan 22 France and West Germany sign treaty of
  co-operation ending 4 centuries of conflict
• April 11 Pacem in Terris

June 3 Pope John XXIII dies
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June 21 Pope Paul VI elected
August 28 March on Washington / I Had A Dream
speech
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• November 22

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• 15000 military advisors in Viet Nam
• LA Dodgers sweep NY Yankees in World Series
• Grammys ROY I Left My Heart in SF SOY, What
  Kind of Fool am I
• Billboard Top 5 songs Sugar Shack, Hes So Fine,
  Dominique, Hey Paula, My Boyfriend s Back

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1964
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(No Transcript)
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Biography of Pope John XXIII
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Who was Pope John XXIII?

• Born 11/25/1881 Angelo Giuseppe Roncali in
  Bergamo, Italy to a family of sharecroppers
• Ordained 1904 became secretary to new bishop of
  Bergamo where he gained broad understand the
  problems of the working class
• 1921 called to Rome to re-organize the Society
  for the Propagation of the Faith
• 1944 became first permanent observer of the Holy
  See at UNESCO.

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Who was Pope John XXIII? (Contd)

• 1953 became Cardinal-Patriarch of Venice
• 1958 called to Rome for conclave to elect a pope
  while working on correcting proofs of the
  synodal Acts of his first diocesan Synod
• 10/20/1958 Elected Pope Took name of John in
  honor of the precursor and beloved disciple
• Was a rebel/revolutionary - not an intellectual
  or theologian - Pope of modernization

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Major Accomplishments ofPope John XXIII

• Annulled Sixtus IV limitation of College of
  Cardinals to 70 in three years became 87
• 1960 Held a Diocesan Synod for Rome revise
  Code of Cannon Law
• 1962 Convoked Vatican Council II
• Elevated Pontifical Commission for Cinema, Radio
  and Television to curial status
• Approved new code of rubrics for the Breviary and
  Missal

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Major Accomplishments (Contd)

• Appointed first rep to the Assembly of the World
  Council of Churches held in New Delhi in 1961
• 1962 Awarded Peace Prize by International Balzan
  Foundation
• Died June 3, 1963 - Newspaper drawing of the
  earth shrouded in mourning caption A Death in
  the Family (Pope only 5 years)
• Reputation for his warmth and holiness in the
  world

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Order betWeen MEN
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Rights

• Each individual man is a person
• Endowed with intelligence and free will
• These rights are universal and inviolable and
  altogether inalienable (9)
• Man has the right to live, to bodily integrity,
  and to means necessary for proper development of
  life
• He has the right to food, clothing, medical care,
  rest and necessary social services (11)
• Each person has the natural right to be
  respected (12)

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• The natural right to culture
• General education
• Technical or professional training
• A system for more gifted members of society to
  engage in more advanced studies (13)
• The right to be able to worship God in accordance
  with his own conscience
• Pope Leo XIII true freedom most truly
  safeguards the dignity of the human person
  (11)
• The right to chose the kind of life which appeals
  to them to found a family or embrace the
  priesthood or the religious life (12)

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• The family must be regarded as the natural,
  primary cell or human society
• The interests of the family must be taken into
  very special consideration in social and economic
  affairs (16)
• Man has the inherent right to be given the
  opportunity to work but allowed the exercise of
  personal initiative in the work chosen (14)
• They are entitled to a wage that is determined
  with the precepts of justice (17)
• The right to own private property but this
  entails a social obligation (21-22)

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• Mankind is by nature a social creature and has
  the right to meet, form associations and
  organizations to achieve his objectives. These
  groups are essential to safeguarding his personal
  freedom and dignity. (23-4)
• Because a person is a citizen of a particular
  state, this does not take away his membership in
  the human family and, therefore, when needed, he
  has the right to emigrate to other countries and
  take up residence there. (25)
• Personal dignity involves the right to take an
  active part in public life and make a
  contribution to the common welfare of fellow
  citizens. (26)

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• Our rights are legally protected, and each person
  has his own inalienable right to judicial
  security. (27)
• These rights and duties derive their origin,
  their sustenance, and their indestructibility
  from the natural law, which in conferring the
  one, imposes the other. (28)
• In human society the natural right gives rise to
  a corresponding duty in others. The duty, that
  is, recognizing and respecting that right. (30)
• Since men live in society, each individual must
  contribute to create a civic order in which
  rights and duties are observed. Society must
  provide men with abundant resources. (31-33)

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• Everyone should act on their own initiative,
  conviction and sense of responsibility. There is
  nothing human about a society that is welded
  together by force. It is merely an obstacle to
  their freedom. (34)
• Society must be based on truth, guided by
  justice, respectful of the rights of others with
  each person doing their duty. Human society
  thrives on freedom. (35)
• We must think of human society as being primarily
  a spiritual reality. (36)
• The order which prevails in human society is
  wholly incorporal in nature. (37)

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• Such an order universal, absolute and immutable
  in its principles finds its source in the true,
  personal and transcendent God. (38)
• There is a progressive improvement in the
  economic and social conditions of working men.
  (40)
• Women are gaining an increasing awareness of the
  natural dignity. (41)
• Soon no nation will rule over another and none
  will be subject to an alien power. (42)
• Doctrinally and theoretically, no form of
  approval is being given to racial discrimination.
  (44)

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RELATIONS between Individuals andPublic
Authorities
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• There is no power but from God. (28)
• God has created men social by nature
• Every civilized community must have a ruling
  authority (someone to rule and others to obey)
  (46)
• Every man has a duty to voluntarily contribute to
  the common good
• The ruling authority has its source in nature and
  has God for its author (46)
• All men are equal in natural dignity and cannot
  force internal compliance on another (48)
• Attainment of the common good is the purpose of
  the public authority (54)

30

• The common good is something which affects the
  needs of the whole man, body and soul (57)
• Measures taken to implement the common good must
  help man to attain perfect happiness in his
  immortal soul (59)
• The principal duty of every public authority is
  to safeguard the inviolable rights of the human
  person and facilitate the performance of his
  duties (60)
• Any government refusing to recognize human rights
  or acting in violation of them would be lacking
  in binding force (61)

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• A principal duty of any government is the
  supervision and coordination of mens respective
  rights in society (62)
• Political, economic and cultural inequities
  become more widespread when governments fail to
  take appropriate action (63)
• Public authorities must give considerable care to
  social services such as transportation, housing,
  medical care, and must provide insurance
  facilities to maintain a decent standard of
  living and sharing of cultural benefits (64)

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• No matter how large the influence of a State may
  be on the economy, the state can never deprive
  the individual citizen of his freedom. The state
  must augment his freedom while guaranteeing the
  protection of everyones personal rights (65)
• It is not possible to dictate what form a
  government should take due to differences in
  circumstances and conditions of the people (67)
• There should be, however, a precise legal
  framework providing for official functions of
  government but also for the mutual relations
  between citizens and public officials (68)

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• It is essential that legislators never disregard
  the moral law, constitutional provisions or act
  at variance with the urgent needs of the common
  good (69)
• Justice must be the guiding principle in the
  administration of the state (69)
• Justice must be administered impartially and
  judges must not be corrupt and not influenced by
  the solicitations of interested parties (69)
• For authorities to preserve the states juridical
  in tact, it is essential that they have a clear
  idea of the nature and limits of their own
  legitimate spheres of action. (72)

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• A consequence of mens dignity is their right to
  take an active part in government. This right
  opens to men (and women) a new opportunity for
  service (73-74)
• A clear and precisely worded charter of
  fundamental human rights must be formulated and
  incorporated into the states general
  constitutions (75)
• Each state must have a public constitution,
  laying down clear rules relating to the
  designation of public officials, their reciprocal
  relations, spheres of competence and prescribed
  methods of operation (76)

35

• The final demand is that relations between
  citizens and public authorities be described in
  terms of rights and duties (77)

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Relations between States
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• The same law that governs the life and conduct of
  individuals must also regulate the relations of
  political communities with one another (80)
• The notion that people when they obtain a public
  office can set aside their humanity is
  inconceivable (81)
• A ruling authority is indispensible to civil
  society
• It must follow from moral order itself
• For power is given you by the LORD, and strength
  by the Most High, who will examine your works,
  and search out your thought.
• Wisdom 64 (83)

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• Authority regarding relations between States must
  be exercised with the promotion of the common
  good
• A principle imperative of the common good is the
  recognition of the moral order and the unfailing
  observance of its precepts. (85)
• Mutual ties between States must be governed by
  truth and the inviolable principle that all
  States are by nature equal in dignity
• They have the right to exist, to develop, and to
  possess the means and accept a primary
  responsibility for their own development (86)

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• There is no argument for a system where those in
  a position of superiority impose their will
  arbitrarily on others
• Such people have a greater part in the common
  responsibility to help others reach their higher
  potential (87)
• The fact is that no one can be superior to other
  people since everyone is equally noble in natural
  dignity (89)
• Relations between States must be regulated by
  justice (91)
• States have the right to existence, to self
  development and the means to achieve this

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• It would be criminal for one State to improve
  itself while injuring another nation or using
  unjust oppression (92)
• Differences between States must be settled in a
  truly human way, not by armed force, deceit or
  trickery (93)
• The best interests of justice are served by
  public authorities that do their best to improve
  the human condition of minority groups (96)
• Minorities must enter into association with the
  people in whose midst they are living and learn
  their customs (97)

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• States must further their relationships by
  pooling their material and spiritual resources
  to protect the common good of the State(s) and
  the entire human family (98)
• Societies must join plans and forces when the
  efforts of other societies cannot achieve the
  desired goals (99)
• Where we find groupings of people of different
  ethnic origins nothing must be allowed to prevent
  reciprocal relations between them
• They have the right and duty to carry on their
  lives with others in society (100)

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• Where there is an imbalance in economic and
  agricultural resources nations must enter into
  collaboration to facilitate the circulate goods,
  capital and manpower and where possible bring the
  work to the worker (101-102)
• States must be open to admitting refugees exiled
  from their homelands (103)
• These States may not deny the refugees their
  natural rights. All rights of the refugees must
  be recognized (104-105)

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• The current arms race is causing those nations to
  be unable to assist nations that are in need of
  economic and social development (109)
• The common belief that peace cannot be assured
  without this equal balance of arms is the
  probable cause for this stockpiling of arms
  (110)
• Justice, right and reason, and mans dignity cry
  out for a stop to this arms race. True and
  lasting peace can only exist with mutual
  trust (112-113)

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• Relations between States cannot be regulated by
  armed force but by the principles of truth,
  justice and sincere co-operation (114)
• Nothing is lost by peace everything may be lost
  by war. Pius XII (116)
• Relations between States must be regulated by the
  principle of freedom (120)
• In Mater et Magistra We appealed to wealthy
  nations to render assistance to those States
  still in process of economic development (121)

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• The less fortunate States must play a major role
  in their economic development . They are to
  shoulder the main burden of it (123)
• smaller States cannot be denied their right
  to political freedom, and the adoption of a
  position of neutrality in the conflicts between
  nations Pius XII (124)
• Wealthier States must have the highest respect
  for less prosperous States national
  characteristics and civil institutions (125)
• It is becoming more the understanding that
  disputes between nations must be resolved by
  negotiation and agreement (126)

46

• By establishing contact with one another, and by
  a policy of negotiations, nations will understand
  that love, not fear must dominate the
  relationships between individuals and between
  nations (129)

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Relationship of Men and of Political Communities
with the World Community
48

• Each countrys social progress, order, security
  and peace are linked with every other country
  (130)
• No State can pursue its own interests in
  isolation from the rest (131)
• Continual need to promote the universal common
  good of the whole human family (132)
• Political life in all nations of the modern world
  are unequal to the task of promoting the common
  good of all peoples (135)
• There is an intrinsic connection between the
  common good and public authority (136)

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• The moral order itself demands the establishment
  of some general form of public authority. This
  authority cannot be imposed by force (137-8)
• This authority must have as its aim the
  safeguarding and promotion of individual human
  rights (139)
• This universal authority must evaluate and find a
  solution for ecomonic, social, political and
  cultural problems affecting the universal common
  good (140)
• The universal authoritys purpose is to create
  world conditions in which the individual states
  authority can carry out their tasks (141)

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• The United Nations Organization (UN) affirms the
  genuine recognition and complete observance of
  all rights and freedoms sought by all peoples and
  nations (142-3)
• It is our earnest wish that the UN may be able
  progressively to adapt its structure and methods
  of operation to the magnitude and nobility of its
  tasks (145)

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Pastoral Exhortations
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• We exhort Our sons (and daughters) to take an
  active part in public life and to work together
  for the benefit of the whole human race as well
  as for their own political communities (146)
• It is not enough to be illumined by the light of
  faith. We must be involved in the work of these
  institutions to influence them effectively from
  within (147)
• In order to do this, there must be an apostolate
  of a trained laity to be competent in the
  practice of their profession (148)

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• Because of a separation between faith and
  practice, inner spiritual unity must be restored
  so that faith may be the light and love the
  motivating force of all their actions. (152)
• Because secular subjects are given higher
  priority than religious subjects, religious
  training is no more than an elementary training.
  Young people must be taught to act in a truly
  moral manner (153)
• Each of us must contribute to the universal
  common good (155)
• What has so far been achieved is insufficient
  compared with what needs to be done . . . (156)

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• To achieve these goals, Catholics must cooperate
  with non Catholic Christians and with people who
  may not be Christians (157)
• In these cooperative relationships, there may be
  incentive for conversion to the truth (158)
• It is the churchs authority to intervene in her
  sons and daughters external affairs whenever a
  judgment intersects with Catholic teaching (160)
• Improvement in human institutions is slow and
  deliberate . . . Hot headedness was never
  constructive . . . Pius XII (162)
• The work and goals above are an enormous task
  which cannot be ignored (163)

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• For peace to be in the world, peace must be in
  the hearts of every man and woman
• Peace will be in you true, sure, most ordered
  peace. What is that order? God as ruler of the
  mind the mind as ruler of the body. Nothing
  could be more orderly. St. Augustine (165)
• It is the Churchs duty to devote all of its
  thoughts and care and energy to further the
  common good of all mankind (167)
• God Himself, must come to mankinds aid with His
  heavenly assistance if human society is to bear
  the closest possible resemblance to the kingdom
  of God. (168)

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What does this mean to us today?