The 2002 WNV epidemic in the US was the largest arboviral epidemic documented in the western hemisph

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The 2002 WNV epidemic in the US was the largest
arboviral epidemic documented in the western
hemisphere.WNV activity most intense in central
USEvidence of transcontinental movement

• 2002 WEST NILE EPIDEMIC

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WEST NILE VIRUS

• Commonly found in Africa, Eastern Europe, West
  Asia and the Middle East.
• First identified in September 2001 in 2 dead
  crows found in the Chicago area
• In 1999 it was found in the US. There were 62
  cases in the New York City area in 1999.
• By the end of 2002, Illinois lead the nation with
  over over 800 cases in Illinois and 62 deaths.
• In 2002, birds, mosquitoes and horses in 100 of
  the Illinoiss 102 counties were reported
  positive
• In 2002, Fulton County had 8 cases that included
  3 deaths.

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NATURAL TRANSMISSION

• Mosquitoes become infected
• with WNV when they feed
• on infected birds.
• After 10-14 days, the mosquitos salivary
  glands become infected and then they transmit WNV
  to humans and other animals while biting them to
  take blood.
• Illness can occur 3-15 days after the bite of
  an infected mosquito.

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Bird Testing Transfusion

• Crows and blue jays are highly susceptible
  other birds do carry WNV
• WNV can be transmitted through blood
  transfusions, breastfeeding, however CDC is
  advising persons to go ahead and get a
  transfusion, transplant or breastfeed as the
  benefits exceed the risk - at least right now.
• Blood banks are instructed to screen donors for
  the virus.

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GENERAL SYMPTOMS

• May cause severe encephalitis (brain
  inflammation) in humans, horses, and birds
• The risk is greatest in the very young,
  immune-compromised and elderly people

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Mild Illness (West Nile Fever)
• Fever, headache, body aches, skin rash and
  swollen glands.
• Severe Illness (West Nile Encephalitis
• Added symptoms of
• Stiff neck, stupor, disorientation, coma,
  tremors, convulsions, weakness and paralysis.

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Infection Data

• 80 of infected persons will have N? symptoms
• 20 will have West Nile Fever (mild symptoms)
• 1 will have severe form (West Nile
  Encephalitis/Meningitis)

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TESTING

• HUMANS
• See doctor if any of the symptoms develop,
  otherwise no testing needed
• The health dept. does not test humans

• BIRDS
• No more than 10 crows or blue jays will be tested
  in Fulton Co.
• Wear gloves and with plastic bag, pick up dead
  bird, put in another bag. Discard.

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EXAMPLES OF BIRDS THAT CARRY WNV
BLUE JAY
AMERICAN CROW
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Times When Mosquitoes Are Most Active

• WNV is most active at dusk and evening
• Other viruses transmitted by mosquitoes during
  the day e.g. treehole mosquito
• Warm weather from spring through 1st hard frost

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Reduce Sources
Protect Self
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DUMP THE WATER

• Fill in or drain ruts, ditches
• Fill in tree rot holes and hollow stumps
• Change bird bath water once a week
• Repair tears in screens
• Store boats upside down
• Keep grass cut short trim shrubs
• Add fish to water gardens

• Tires Pools
• Tin Cans Pool Cover
• Buckets Bird Bath
• Drums Containers
• Bottles Drip Trays
• Wrapper
• Gutters
• Trash

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Prevention Around The Home
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Personal Protection

• Stay indoors at dawn, dusk and early
• evening when mosquitoes are most active.
• If outdoors at these times, wear shoes, socks,
  long pants and long sleeved shirt.
• Loose fitting, light colored clothing is best
• Use mosquito repellent with 25 to 35 DEET when
  outdoors. Apply sparingly, follow instructions
  on label.
• Consult a physician before using repellents on
  young children. Use 10 or less DEET on children
  2-12 yrs

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What Does Not Work

• Bug Zappers
• Anti-mosquito buzzers (sound devices)
• Citrosa plants
• Purple Martins and bats

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Community Control

• An integrated pest management (IPM)
• approach to accomplish this goal includes
• Surveillance identify disease activity in birds
  and mosquitoes in enough time to warn the public.
• Source reduction eliminate places for
  mosquitoes to breed.
• Larvaciding treat standing water sources that
  cannot be eliminated in order to kill the
  immature mosquito.
• Adulticiding spray for adult mosquitoes when
  deemed necessary.

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Larvicides

• Larvicides target larvae in the breeding
  habitat before they can mature into adult
  mosquitoes and disperse.
• Larvicide products are available in Sprays
  Dunks Briquets Pellets and Granules

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Spraying of Adult Mosquitoes

• Kills mosquitoes that contact the droplets
• Loses effectiveness after fog dissipates
• Done in evening when temperature is at least 60
  degrees. Wind must be slight
• Poses minimal risk to humans, animals but should
  stay indoors during spraying.
• No contamination to vegetable gardens wash
  fruits vegetables

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Vector Laws

• Fulton County ordinance imposes fines for refusal
  to eliminate breeding grounds
• Fines from 100 to 500 per day

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Skeeter Busters

• Source reduction Eliminate standing water
• Personal Protection DEET insect repellent
  protective clothing
• Community Control Measures
• Surveillance inspection testing
• Larviciding kill mosquito larvae
• Adulticiding kill adult mosquitoes

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Fulton County Education Plan

• Pesticide Applicator Training
• Trained Community Volunteers
• Report to health dept. breeding grounds
• Distribute educational materials
• Answer questions from local citizens
• Speakers Bureau for presentations
• WNV ASAP Committee for coordination