NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Satellite Direct Readout Conference for the Americas John D. Cunningham System Program Director Integrated Program Office 11 December 2002

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NPOESSNational Polar-orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite SystemSatellite
Direct Readout Conference for the
AmericasJohn D. CunninghamSystem Program
DirectorIntegrated Program Office11 December
2002
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A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities

• Mission
• Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting
  remote-sensing capability
• Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings
  by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs
• Incorporate new technologies from NASA
• Encourage International Cooperation

0530
1330
0930
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
Saves 1.6B through System Life Cycle compared
to NPR target of 1.3B NPOESS is Good Government!
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NPOESS

• NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONAL
  remote sensing capability to acquire and receive
  in real-time at field terminals, and to acquire,
  store and disseminate to processing centers,
  GLOBAL and regional environmental imagery and
  specialized METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATIC,
  TERRESTRIAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL
  and other data in support of CIVILIAN and
  NATIONAL SECURITY missions

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National Importance

• Military Community
• Shift tactical and strategic focus from coping
  with weather to anticipating and exploiting
  atmospheric and space environmental conditions
• Civilian Community
• Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public
  warnings and forecasts of severe weather events,
  reduce the potential loss of human life and
  property and advance the national economy
• Support of general aviation, agriculture, and
  maritime communities aimed at increasing U.S.
  productivity
• Commitment to support long-term data continuity
  for environmental monitoring and Global Change
  assessment

NPOESS Goal Improve the Nations Space-Based,
Remote Sensing Capabilities for Environmental
Monitoring
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Establishing NPOESS

• National Space Council Study - 1992
• National Performance Review (NPR) - September
  1993
• Identified Need for Coordinated Effort
• OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to
  Congress - May 1994
• Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994
• Directed Convergence of National Assets

• Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) - May
  1995
• Established Roles and Responsibilities of
  Department of Defense, Department of Commerce,
  and NASA
• EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar Agreement -
  November 1998
• Brought in International Community

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Two Polar-orbiting Systems

• DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program)
• Currently
• F-14 Launched December 1994
• F-15 Launched December 1999
• F-16 Planned for May 2003

• POES (Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental
  Satellite)
• First Launched April 1, 1960
• Currently
• NOAA-15 Launched May 1998
• NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000
• NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002

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DMSP/POES to NPOESS Convergence Evolution of
Mission Areas
DoD/AF
DoD/AF
DMSP
Block 6
Military
Tri-Agency
-Imaging - µwave Sounding -Space
Environment -Under DMSP SPO
CONVERGENCE
DOC/NOAA
DOC/NOAA

• Imaging
• Sounding
• Climate
• Ozone
• Space Environment
• Under Integrated
• Program Office

POES
OPQR
Civil
-Imaging -Sounding -Climate -Ozone -Space
Environment -Under POES Prog Office
Discontinued
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Evolution
U.S. civil and defense programs, working in
partnership with EUMETSAT, will ensure improved
global coverage and long-term continuity of
observations at less cost!
METOP
POES
NPOESS
DMSP
NPOESS
0730
0530
1330
1330
0930
0830
0530
POES
Specialized Satellites
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
DMSP
NPOESS

• Future (2008-2018)
• 3-Orbit System
• 3 US Converged
• 1 EUMETSAT/METOP
• Specialized Satellites

• Today
• 4-Orbit System
• 2 US Military
• 2 US Civilian

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Satellite Transition Schedule(DMSP 2yr launch
centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)Slopes indicate
10-90 need
CY
99
00
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
03
08
09
10
01
02
07
04
05
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?----------------10 Year Mission
Life-------------------?
0530
F20
C3
C6
NPOESS
DMSP
C4
F18
C1
NPOESS
DMSP
NPOESS
0730 - 1030
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POES
METOP
EOS-Terra
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
NPP
C5
NPOESS
POES
1330
Earliest Need to back-up launch
EOS-Aqua
Mission Satisfaction
S/C Deliveries
Earliest Availability
FY
99
00
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
03
08
09
10
01
02
07
04
05
06
S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT
schedule
As of 20 Oct 02
Most probable launch date
Launch date based on backup need
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Building A More Capable System
First Image from TIROS-1
First Image from EOS-Terra
Mississippi Delta from the MODIS Instrument24
February 2000
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An End-to-End Responsibility
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NPOESS Requirements
Convergence of Alternatives

• Integrated Operational Requirements Document
  (IORD-I)
• 59 Data Products
• 9 Enhancement Products
• 1 System Characteristic KPP
• Validated by JARC 1996
• IORD-II
• 55 Data Products
• 21 Enhancement Products
• 2 System Characteristic KPPs
• Validated by JARC Dec 2001

Convergence of Requirements
Converged requirements provide foundation for
combined program First success after eight
previous attempts
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Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
IORD Content Example

• Sea Surface Temperature is defined as a highly
  precise measurement of the temperature of the
  surface layer (upper 1 meter) of ocean water.
  It has two major applications 1) sea surface
  phenomenology, and 2) use in infrared cloud/no
  cloud decision for processed cloud data. The
  accompanying requirements apply only under clear
  conditions (unless specified otherwise).

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Environmental Data Records By Sensor
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Environmental Data Records By Discipline
Atmos Vert Moist Prof Dn Lwave Rad (Sfc) Ozone-Tot Col/Profile
Atmos Vert Temp Prof Electric Field Precipitable Water
Imagery Electron Density Prof Precip Type / Rate
Sea Surf Temp Aero Refractive Index Pressure (Surf/Profile)
Sea Surf Winds Geomagnetic Field Sea Ice Age Char
Soil Moisture Ice Surface Temp Sea Surface Hgt/Topo
Aero Opt Thickness Energetic Ions Snow Cover/Depth
Aerosol Particle Size In-situ Plasma Fluct Solar Irradiance
Albedo (Surface) In-situ Plasma Temp ST- Auroral Particles
Auroral Boundary Downward Swave Rad Surface Wind Stress
Auroral Imagery Med Energy Particles Suspended Matter
Cloud Base Height Ionospheric Scint Auroral Energy Depos
Cloud Cover/Layers Land Surface Temp Out Lwave Rad (TOA)
Cloud Eff Particle Size Surface Type
Cloud Ice Water Path Net Heat Flux
Cloud Liquid Water Net Solar Rad (TOA)
Cloud Opt Thickness Neutral Density Profile
Cloud Top Height Total Water Content
Cloud Top Pressure Vegetation Index
Cloud Top Temp Ocean Color / Chlor
Cloud Part Size / Dist Ocean Wave Char














Atmospheric Atmospheric
Oceanic Oceanic
Terrestrial Terrestrial
Space Environment Space Environment
Climate Climate



LEGEND
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NPOESS Program Vision
The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team Working in a
spirit of shared ownership to develop and deploy
the single, national, polar-orbiting
environmental remote-sensing capability to meet
next-generation civil and military needs
Breaking the Mold! Thinking Out of the
Box Working Together Creating Success The only
thing they pay us for!
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NPOESS Payloads
Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need
to replace satellite
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NPOESS Segment Architecture
Svalbard Primary TC NPP SMD
WSC LEOA Backup TC
15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites
MMC at Schriever Alternate Operations Team
MMC at Suitland Flight Operations Team
C3 Segment
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Policy and Planning

• NPOESS will deliver data to users world-wide in
  accordance with US national data policy
• Data will be broadcast openly around the world at
  no cost to receivers
• Capability for data encryption/data denial exists
  for national defense needs
• Denial can be done on a world-wide or geographic
  basis
• NPOESS calls the world-wide users field
  terminals (to differentiate from the Weather
  Centrals)

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Risk Reduction
WindSat

• Validate technological approach to remote sensing
• Early delivery of NPOESS data to users
• Sensor demonstrations on non-operational
  platforms
• Lower risk to operational users
• Lower risk of launch delays due to
• operational schedule
• Share cost risk among agencies

NASA ER2 / NAST
NPP
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NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed NAST
NASA ER-2

• OBJECTIVES
• Simulate Candidate Spaceborne Instruments
• (CrIS, ATMS, IASI)
• Evaluate Key EDR Algorithms
• Preview High Resolution Products (Spectral
  Spatial)
• Under Flight Calibration/Validation
• INSTRUMENTS NAST-I NAST-M
• NAST-I IR Interferometer FTS Sounder
• NAST-M Microwave Sounder
• Co-Boresighted IR and Microwave
• IR Interferometer FTS Sounder 3.5 16 µm
• High Spectral Resolution (1000 lt du / u lt 2000)
• High Sensitivity in a cold scene
• 0.10 K NEDT _at_ 14.9 µm (250K)
• 0.15 K NEDT _at_ 8.2 µm (250K)
• 0.20 K NEDT _at_ 4.7 µm (250K)
• Microwave Sounder
• 3 Bands, 16 Channels 54, 118, 183 GHz

20 km ALTITUDE NADIR 2.6 km IFOV
23 km GROUND COVERAGE 48 o Scan
Hurricane Bonnie Cross-Section
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WindSat/CoriolisJoint NAVY/IPO/DoD Risk
Reduction Demo

• Description Validates concept of passive
  measurement of Ocean Surface Wind Speed and
  Direction, using Polarimetric Radiometer and
  other environmental parameters derived from
  microwave observations

• Capability
• Planned launch in December 2002 on Titan II
• Measure Ocean Surface Wind Direction (Non-
  Precipitating Conditions)
• 25 km spatial resolution
• Secondary Measurements
• Sea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture, Rain
  Rate, Ice, and Snow Characteristics, Water Vapor

Joint Development/Partnership 1. STP Space Test
Program Office - DOD/USAF 2. MELV Medium
Expendable Launch Vehicle 3. USN U.S. Navy -
CNO/N6, ONR, NRL 4. NPOESS IPO Integrated
Program Office
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NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)Joint IPO/NASA
Risk Reduction Demo

• NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace
  May 2002
• Instrument Risk Reduction
• Early delivery / instrument-level test /
  system-level integration and test
• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)
• CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)
• ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
  (NASA)
• OMPS Ozone Mapping/Profiling Suite
• Provides lessons learned and allows time for any
  required modifications before NPOESS first launch
• Ground System Risk Reduction
• Early delivery/test of a subset of NPOESS-like
  ground system elements
• Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products
• Provides algorithms / instrument verification and
  opportunities for instrument calibration /
  validation prior to first NPOESS launch
• Allows for algorithm modification prior to first
  NPOESS launch
• Continuity of data for NASAs EOS Terra/Aqua
  missions

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Real-Time Operational Demonstrations
Coriolis (FY03) CMIS
NPP (FY06) CrIS/ATMS VIIRS
Aqua (FY02) AIRS/AMSU/HSB MODIS
METOP (FY06) IASI/AMSU/MHS AVHRR
NPOESS (FY09) CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS
Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved Weather
Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction
NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline Ground
Station Scenario
NWS/NCEP ECMWF UKMO FNMOC
NWP Forecasts
NOAA Real-time User
IDPS
C3S
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
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Calibration/Validation
To tie it all together and make it work.
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IDPS ProductsEnvironmental Data Records
Cloud Top Heights
VIIRS Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite
Cloud Layers
Total Precipitable Water
Surface Temperature
Environmental Properties Displayed at VIIRS Pixel
Locations
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Environmental Observing
Natural Hazards Detection and Mapping
Ozone Monitoring
Multi-spectral Hurricane Mapping and Profiling
Sea Surface Temperature Ocean Circulation
Snow and Ice Mapping and Monitoring
All Weather Imaging Precipitation Measurement
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Protect Safety of Life and PropertyImprove
Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings
Improved Microwave Imagery/Sounding products will
improve prediction of wind speed and direction
Increase in hurricane landfall forecast skill
will save an estimated 1 million per mile of
coastline that does not have to be
evacuated Improved early warnings mitigate the
devastating effects of floods through disaster
planning and response
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Other Benefits to the Civilian Community
NPOESS will improve ability to predict El Niño.
A 60 increase in El Niño forecast skill will
save 183 million per year over 12 year period
Ice monitoring for shipping
Snow cover mapping - spring flood prediction
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Military Uses and Benefits

• Weather and the Warfighter
• Weather is a force multiplier that
• Improves Planning
• Enhances operations
• Optimizes lethality and survivability
• Weather Nowcast Decision Tool
• 1/3 less likely to give a false alarm (false
  alarm dont fly when weather is suitable for
  flying) with NPOESS data than with current system
• NPOESS Data are Crucial to Providing Accurate
  Forecasts for Battle Space

NPOESS Goal Maximize combat effectiveness
through improved anticipation and exploitation of
atmospheric and space environmental conditions
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Fine-Scale METSAT and Forecasting
Fine-scale visible cloud imagery from DMSP
satellite and 9-hour forecast of 4 Km clouds
using MM5
0730Z 10 Aug
12Z 10 Aug
1618Z 10 Aug
Balkans
16Z 10 Aug
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Fine-Scale METSAT and Forecasting
Future of fine-scale weather forecasting is
combining high-resolution satellite data with
numerical weather prediction and producing
visualizations with impact
Nebraska
Nebraska
12 Km
4 Km
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Satellite Data to Aid Warfighter

• Tactical forecasters will use NPOESS DAMPS
• for Nowcast (0-6 hr) and Forecast (6hr )
• Aid in forecasts for
• Carrier Operations
• PGM Strike Forecasts
• JSOW
• TLAM
• Amphibious Operations
• Surf Forecasts
• Flight Operations

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NPOESS Benefits the Nation World

• Weather permeates all aspects of military
  operations
• NPOESS data will provide situational awareness
• Situational Awareness is critical to
• Combat Planning
• Air Superiority
• Winning the War

• Accurate forecasts are critical to the protection
  of life, safety, and property
• NPOESS data will improve forecasts and warnings
• Improved forecasts will
• Reduce loss of life and property
• Benefit industry through increased productivity
• NPOESS will maintain long-term data continuity
  for climate monitoring and assessment

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Integrated Program Office Points of Contact

• Executive Staff - [phone]
• System Program Director Mr. John Cunningham
• Principal Deputy System Program Director Col
  Frank Hinnant
• Deputy System Program Director Mr. Carl Hoffman
• Executive Director CAPT Dean Smehil, NOAA
• Acquisition - [phone]
• Associate Director for Acquisition Lt Col Pete
  Linnemann
• Technology - [phone]
• Associate Director for Technology Transition
  Mr. Stan Schneider
• Chief Scientist Dr. Stephen A. Mango
• Operations - [phone]
• Associate Director for Operations Mr. Bruce
  Needham
• NPOESS Websites
• http//www.npoess.noaa.gov
• http//npoesslib.ipo.noaa.gov/ (electronic
  bulletin board)