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ICS 131: Social Analysis of Computerization

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Title: ICS 131: Social Analysis of Computerization


1
ICS 131 Social Analysis of Computerization
  • Lecture 3
  • Identifying and analyzing
  • social issues

2
Key Ideas
  • Technical content operates in a
  • non-technical context.
  • Social context is central to technology.

3
Identify Social Issues
  • Goals of Project
  • Assumptions
  • Stakeholders
  • Impacts

4
Goals of Project
  • Why do it?
  • Whos deciding?

5
Example Blog software
  • Goals
  • Online journal
  • Rapid sharing of information
  • Easy to start up and use
  • Others
  • Whos deciding?
  • Coders

6
Assumptions
  • Something that must be true in order for the rest
    of the discussion to be relevant.
  • Implicit - explicit
  • Pre-conditions (make it possible) vs.
    post-conditions (make it relevant)
  • Degree of importance/relevance (e.g., the Earth
    isnt going to stop spinning)

7
Example Blog software
  • Assumptions
  • Pre-conditions
  • Common technology.
  • Networked computers.
  • Freedom of speech.
  • Technically feasible.
  • Post-conditions
  • Someone uses it.
  • Interested readers.
  • Others

8
Stakeholders
  • Designer
  • Client
  • Society
  • Others

9
Example Blog software
  • Stakeholders
  • Software Designers
  • Bloggers and potential bloggers
  • Readers
  • Society as a whole
  • Politicians
  • Businesses

10
Stakeholders
  • What do we know about them?
  • Backgrounds
  • Goals/Motivations
  • Preferences/Needs

11
Example Blog software
  • Stakeholder - Readers
  • Background
  • Technically competent
  • Interested in topic
  • Goals/Motivations
  • Keep up with events
  • Keep up with friends
  • Preferences/Needs
  • Seeking information
  • Ease of use

12
Impacts
  • Intended - What does it do for the client when it
    operates correctly?
  • Side effects - What else does it do?
  • Externalities - Side effect to someone other than
    the intended client.

13
Example Blog software
  • Impacts Intended
  • Lets a blogger tell his/her friends what their
    cat ate for dinner, or who theyre going to vote
    for and why.
  • Lets a reader find out about their friends and
    see what other people think.

14
Example Blog software
  • Impacts Side Effects
  • Makes bloggers famous
  • Gets the word blog in Merriam-Websters
    dictionary

15
Example Blog software
  • Impacts Externalities
  • Changes to political landscape.
  • Howard Dean
  • Campaign greatly helped by
  • grassroots blogging.
  • Until that fateful scream.
  • Others?

16
Example Camera
  • Imagine that someone invents a small,
    self-contained, wireless, web camera, and asks
    you to write software to allow anyone on the net
    to see what that camera sees in real time.
  • Questions
  • What are the goals?
  • What are the assumptions?
  • Who are the stakeholders?
  • What are the impacts?

17
Reading
  • Herbert Simon
  • Economics, computer science, psychology, design
  • Definition of design
  • Everyone designs who devises courses of action
    aimed at changing existing situations into
    preferred ones. (1969)

18
Software Design
  • Understand existing situations
  • Conceive of preferred ones
  • Preferred by whom?

19
A Note on Readings
  • You may need a dictionary.
  • Terms I looked up the first time I read this
  • Club of Rome - global think tank
  • Externalities - defined earlier
  • Bounded rationality
  • Rational - acts in pursuit of its goals
  • Bounded - experience limits in formulating and
    solving complex problems and in processing
    (receiving, storing, retrieving, transmitting)
    information (Simon)
  • Desideratum - something desired as essential

20
Discussion
  • Process
  • Questions
  • Talk about them with neighbors
  • Several people called up to the front to answer
    them and discuss.

21
Slashdot
  • Summarize
  • Who are the stakeholders?
  • What are the impacts?

22
And our lucky contestants are...
  • come on down front!

23
Next class
  • Thursday
  • Social Aspects of Technical Questions I
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