Nanotechnology

1
Nanotechnology

• Pam Mabrouk
• March 17, 2004

2
Issues

• Where is work being done?
• Who is doing the work?
• What work are they doing?
• What tools are they using?

3
Problems in Nanotechnology

• Create
• Manipulate
• Analyze
• Small objects
• 1 100 nm in at least one dimension

4
New Properties

• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Optical

Photo taken from URL smalley.rice.edu/images/ful
lerene_suspensions.jpg
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Example Carbon Nanotube

• Novel mechanical properties
• Young's modulus gt 1 Tera Pascal
• Tensile strength 200 Giga Pascal
• Significance stiffness of diamond

Photo taken from http//smalley.rice.edu/images/r
opes_5.jpg
6
National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

• Multi-agency program
• URL www.nano.gov
• Annual budget 849 M for FY2004
• 1/3 Federal and 1/10 world investment

7
National Nanotechnology Initiative NNI

• Department of Commerce
• EPA
• NIST
• Intelligence Community
• DOD
• NASA
• DOE
• NSF
• NIH

• Nuclear Regulatory Commission
• FDA
• Department of State
• Department of Homeland Security
• Department of Treasury
• Department of Justice
• Department of Agriculture
• National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOSH)

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Goals of NNI

• Promote RD
• Develop skilled workforce and supporting
  infrastructure to support RD
• Investigate social, ethical, health, and
  environmental implications of
  nanotechnology
• Commercialization of nanotech applications

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NNI Key Issues

• Nanofabrication
• Fundamental knowledge unique properties of
  matter at the mesoscale
• Nanophysics
• New tools
• Trained Workforce
• 2 million needed worldwide
• Applications
• National defense
• Instrumentation
• Medicine
• Energy conversion and storage
• Environmental applications
• Nanobots, nanomachines, etc.
• 1 Trillion/yr by 2015

10
Centers of Excellence

• NASA
• NSF
• DOD

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NASA

• Institute for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration,
  UCLA
• Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nanomaterials
  Structures for Aerospace Vehicles, Texas AM U.
• Bio-Inspection, Design and Processing of
  Multi-functional Nanocomposites, Princeton U.
• Institute for Nanoelectronics and Computing,
  Purdue U.

12
NSF

• Center for Nanoscale Systems, Cornell U.
• Nanobiotechnology, Science and Technology Center,
  Cornell U.
• Center for Biological and and Environmental
  Nanotechnology, Rice U.
• Integrated Nanopatterning and Detection,
  Northwestern U.
• Center for Electronic Transport in Molecular
  Nanostructures, Columbia U.
• Nanoscale Systems and their Device Applications,
  Harvard U.
• Directed Assembly of Nanostructures, Rensselaer
  Polytechnic Institute
• Center for Scalable and Integrated
  Nano-Manufacturing, UCLA

13
DOD

• Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT
• Center for Nanoscience Innovation for Defense, UC
  Santa Barbara
• Nanoscience Institute, US Naval Research Lab

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Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies

• Established 2002
• Director
• Funding U.S. Army
• Director Edwin L. Thomas, Materials Science
  Engineering
• 7 teams, 50 faculty

• Team 1 Energy Absorbing Materials
• Team 2 Mechanically Active Materials and Devices
• Team 3 Sensors and Chemical/Biological
  Protection
• Team 4 Biomaterials and Nanodevices for Soldier
  Medical Technology
• Team 5 Processing and Characterization - The
  Nanofoundries
• Team 6 Modeling and Simulation of Materials and
  Processes
• Team 7 Systems Design, Hardening, and Integration

15
Whos Who

• E.J.Heller (Harvard U.)
• S. Chou (Princeton U.)
• C. Mirkin (Northwestern U.)
• A. Belcher (MIT)
• P. McEuen (Cornell U.)
• A. Majumdar (U. C. Berkeley)
• P. Alivisatos (U. C. Berkeley)
• R. Smalley (Rice U.)
• P. Datskos (Oakridge Natl Lab)
• J. Heath (Caltech)
• M. Ghadiri (Scripps Research Institute)

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NNI Centers of Excellence (NSF)

• Buhrman (Cornell U.)
• Smalley (Rice U.)
• Mirkin (Northwestern U.)
• Yardley (Columbia U.)
• Westervelt (Harvard U.)
• Seigel (Rensselaer)
• Baird (Cornell U.)

17
NASA

• Institute for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration,
  UCLA
• Carlo Montemagno, Bioengineering
• Feynman Nanotechnology Prize (Foresight
  Conference)
• Nanoelectromechanical devices
• Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nanomaterials
  Structures for Aerospace Vehicles, Texas AM
• Bio-Inspection, Design and Processing of
  Multi-functional Nanocomposites, Princeton
• Institute for Nanoelectronics and Computing,
  Purdue

18
DOD

• Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, MIT
• Center for Nanoscience Innovation for Defense, UC
  Santa Barbara
• Nanoscience Institute, Naval Research Laboratory

19
Nanofabrication

• G.M.Whitesides, Harvard
• C.Mirkin, Northwestern
• Willson, U. Texas Austin
• Allivisatos, U.C. Berkeley
• M. Bawendi, MIT
• Montemagno, Cornell

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Ph.D. Programs in Nanotechnology

• Ph.D. Program in Nanotechnology
• Center for Nanotechnology, U. Washington
• First Ph.D. program, 2000
• Nanotech Student Association
• Pacific Northwest National Lab - joint institute
• User Facility - instrumentation

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U. Washington Faculty

• Larry Dalton
• Electroactive materials
• Electro-optic
• Apply E-field change ?
• Nanoscale synthesis
• Microwave
• Nanoscale imaging

1965, B.S., chemistry and mathematics, Michigan
State 1971, Ph.D., chemistry, Harvard
Photograph http//depts.washington.edu/eooptic/m
embers/Group20members/dalton.html
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Selected Publications - 2004

• Haller, Marnie Luo, Jingdong Li, Hongxiang
  Kim, Tae-Dong Liao, Yi Robinson, Bruce H.
  Dalton, Larry R. Jen, Alex K.-Y. A Novel
  Lattice-Hardening Process To Achieve Highly
  Efficient and Thermally Stable Nonlinear Optical
  Polymers. Macromolecules (2004), 37(3),
  688-690.
• Khalil, Gamal E. Costin, Colin Crafton, Jim
  Jones, Grant Grenoble, Severin Gouterman,
  Martin Callis, James B. Dalton, Larry R..
  Dual-luminophor pressure-sensitive paint I. Ratio
  of reference to sensor giving a small temperature
  dependency. Sensors and Actuators, B Chemical
  (2004), B97(1), 13-21.
• Khalil, Gamal E. Lau, Kimberly Phelan, Gregory
  D. Carlson, Brenden Gouterman, Martin Callis,
  James B. Dalton, Larry R.. Europium
  beta-diketonate temperature sensors Effects of
  ligands, matrix, and concentration. Review of
  Scientific Instruments (2004), 75(1), 192-206.

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Dalton Research Group

• Graduate Students
• Dan Casmier - 5th year
• Nick Buker - 4th year
• Kim Firestone - 4th year
• Nishant Bhatambrekar - 4th year
• Rhys Lawson - 3rd year
• Sanchali Bhattacharjee - 3rd year
• Jessi Schendel - 3rd year
• Denise Bale - 2nd year
• Phil Sullivan - 2nd year
• Susan Soggs
• Ivan Shuvalav
• Scott Hammond - 2nd year
• Andrew Akelaitis - 2nd year

• Post Doctoral
• Olivier Clot
• Hong-zhi Tang
• Greg Phelan
• Brenden Carlson
• Leo Fifield
• Undergraduates
• Lafe Purvis
• Susan Lee
• Ariel Brumbaugh
• Anne Zipperer
• Kyle Donohue
• Ann Miley
• Koby Allen
• Dan Rowe
• Matthew Liu

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Norm Dovichi

• Ultrasensitive bioanalysis
• single and multiple capillary laser-induced
  fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE)

1976, B.S., chemistry and mathematics, Northern
Illinois U. 1980, Ph.D., chemistry, U. Utah
Photograph http//faculty.washington.edu/dovichi/
UBUBTpage/norm/norm.html
Taken from http//faculty.washington.edu/dovichi
/UBUBTpage/research/Instruments/1cap/1-cap.html
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Instrumentation

• Nanofabrication
• Lithography
• E-beam
• Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
• Nanomanipulation
• Nanocharacterization
• Optical Microscopy
• Fluorescence
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
• EDAX - energy dispersive

26
NSF

• Mihail C. Roco
• Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology, NSF
• Chair, National Science, Engineering and
  Technologys Councils Subcommittee on Nanoscale
  Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET)
• U. Kentucky
• Professor of Mechanical Engineering
• 1999 Engineer of the Year
• Editor, Nanoparticle Research

Photo taken from URL www.nano.gov/html/interview
s/MRoco.htm
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NSF Funding Programs

• IGERT - Integrative Graduate Education and
  Research Training
• Viola Vogel, U. Washington 2000
• NUE Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education
• 33 awards in FY 2003

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Nanotech IGERT Programs

• U. Oregon David Johnson
• Doctoral Training at the Interface of Chemistry
  and Physics New Materials for Electronics and
  Optics through Control of Nanoscale Structure
  Year Awarded 2001
• CUNY Daniel Akins
• Nanostructural Materials and Devices Year
  Awarded 1999
• Drexel/U. Penn Yury Gogotsi
• Nanoscale Engineering and Science A New
  Educational Model Combining Two Universities Year
  Awarded 2002
• Tuskegee University Shaik Jeelani
• Multidisciplinary Graduate Education and Research
  Training in Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
  Year Awarded 2003
• University of California-Berkeley Eicke Weber
• Nanoscale Science and Engineering From Building
  Blocks to Functional Systems Year Awarded 2003

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SciFinder Scholar Nanotechnology

• 2643 articles to date
• Journals
• Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
• Nature Materials
• JACS
• Analytical Chemistry (ACS)
• Language
• English - 2314
• Japanese -147
• Author
• George Whitesides, Harvard - 12

Number of Publications
Year of Publication
30
Technical Journals

• CE News (ACS)
• Science (AAAS)
• Materials Research Society (MRS)
• American Scientist (Sigma Xi)

Dec. 1, 2003 issue of CE News
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References/Resources

• The Nanotube Site. Avail. at URL
  http//www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/nanotube.html
  (accessed 3/14/04)
• IBM Research. Nanoscale Science Department.
  Avail. at URL http//www.research.ibm.com/nanosc
  ience/index1.html (accessed 3/14/04)

Photo taken from URL http//www.research.ibm.com
/nanoscience/local_oxidation.html
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References/Resources

• Vogel, V. Campbell, C.T. Int. J. Engng. Ed.
  2002, 18, 498-505. Education in Nanotechnology
  Launching the First Ph.D. Program.
• NanoStudent.com Avail. at URL
  http//www.nanostudent.com (accessed 3/16/04).
• Foresight Institute. Avail. At URL
  http//www.foresight.org