Transforming DoD Training: Observations, Direction, Challenges 72nd MORS Symposium Naval Postgraduat

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Transforming DoD Training Observations,
Direction, Challenges72nd MORS SymposiumNaval
Postgraduate School23 June 2004
Joint Forces Ready to Fight

• Dan Gardner
• Director, Readiness and Training, Policy
  Programs

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The Training Challenge in Todays Security
Environment

• Dynamic, complex security environment
• World of uncertainty and surprise
• Adaptive enemies
• Employ asymmetric approaches
• Non-traditional environments
• Skill set war fighter - diplomat

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Department of Defense Priorities

• Successfully Pursue the Global War on Terrorism
• Strengthen Combined / Joint Warfighting
  Capabilities
• Transform the Joint Force
• Optimize Intelligence Capabilities
• Counter Proliferation of WMD
• Improve Force Manning
• New Concepts of Global Engagement
• Homeland Security
• Further Streamline DoD Processes
• Reorganize DoD and the USG to Deal with Pre-War
  Opportunities and Post-War Responsibilities

The centerpiece of our training transformation
effort will be the Joint National Training
Capability. Deputy Secretary of Defense
Paul Wolfowitz, 9 April 2002
Transformation is a top U.S. Defense
priority SECDEF Legislative Priorities Memorandum
Dated 17 Mar 04
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Training Transformation Vision and Capabilities
Provide dynamic, capabilities-based training for
the Department of Defense in support of national
security requirements across the full spectrum of
service, joint, interagency, intergovernmental,
and multinational operations.

Establish Performance Assessment Architecture Jo
int Assessment Enabling Capability
Create Dynamic, Global Knowledge
Network Joint Knowledge Development
Distribution Capability
Build Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC)
Training Environment Joint National Training
Capability
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Joint Knowledge Development Distribution
Capability

• Mission Statement
• Preparing Warriors Individually through
  Development and Distribution of Joint Knowledge
• Customers
• Combatant Commands
• Military (Active and Reserve Components),
  Civilian DoD Personnel, and DoD Agencies
• Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational
  Organizations
• Products
• CoursewareWeb-based Training Computer Based
  Training
• ToolsJob Performance Aids Decision Aids
  Digital Gaming
• ServicesDigital Libraries, Courseware
  Repositories, JKDDC Technology Lab, System
  Expertise
• Global distribution environment

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Joint Knowledge Development Distribution
Capability
Outcomes
Joint Certified Courses Individuals Joint
Educated International / Multinational Reach-B
ack Mission Planning and Rehearsal Adaptabil
ity
Human Experts
War Colleges Universities
Models and Simulations
JKDDC
Regional Centers
Digital Knowledge Bases
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Build on Success
1st Training Transformation Major Training Centers
2nd Training Transformation Joint National
Training Capability

• Joint context - horizontal / vertical
• Employs joint doctrine / tactics / techniques
• Live training with simulation / stimulation
• Mission rehearsal implications
• Realistic information ops and C4ISR
• Potentially deployable / distributable

Realistic Combat Training

• Multi-dimensional peer adversary
• Asymmetric challenges
• Diverse targets / threats

Credible Opposing Forces

• Integrated range instrumentation
• Joint Observer / Trainers
• Certified, accredited

Common Ground Truth

• Focus on joint performance outcomes
• Ability to assess concepts and doctrine
• Feeds joint lessons learned
• Promotes Joint Training System use

High Quality Feedback
We Fight as a Joint Team - We Should Train in a
Joint Context
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Joint National Training Capability
Mission The Joint National Training Capability
will continuously improve the ability of U.S.
military, federal agencies, and multinational
forces to fight effectively as a joint and
combined team.

• Goals
• Improve management and coordination of joint
  training resources
• Fully implement the Joint Training System
  Applications and provide the means to develop
  improvements in DoD warfighting capabilities
• Embed the proper joint context into Service
  training tasks
• Provide opposition forces and realistic threat
  systems
• Create a persistent global joint training
  infrastructure
• Provide a live, virtual, and constructive (LVC)
  environment for joint training events
• Lead the development of advanced training
  technologies providing joint functionality
  interfaces and interoperability and
• Coordinate and integrate activities with the
  other capabilities of training transformation.

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Joint National (Global) Training Capability
Outcomes
Test Ranges
Major Training Centers
Models and Simulations
JNTC
Embedded Systems
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Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force The
Operators approach
Effects-Based, Collaborative, Network Centric
and Interdependent
The Military Most of Us Grew Up In
Stitch Service Seams
Deconflict Service Forces
Integration of Service Capabilities
Air Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Army Forces
Navy Forces
Navy Forces
Marine Forces
Marine Forces
Multinational
A coherently Joint, capabilities-based, Joint
Force
Services Deconflicting
Services Coordinating
Services / SOCOM Integrating
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Attributes of a Transforming Joint Force The
Operators approach
Effects-Based, Collaborative, Network Centric
and Interdependent
Stitch Service Seams
Deconflict Service Forces
Integration of Service Capabilities
Air Forces
Army Forces
Air Forces
Army Forces
Navy Forces
Navy Forces
Marine Forces
Marine Forces
Multinational
A coherently Joint, capabilities-based, Joint
Force
Services Deconflicting
Services Coordinating
Services / SOCOM Integrating
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Why a JNTC?
JNTC can help to... 1. Close gaps seams
(Combatant Commander Title 10 vs. Service Title
10 responsibilities) at all levels of joint
operations (i.e. joint command and control,
intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and
other joint tasks). 2. Provide the capability to
conduct coherent joint training across all levels
with proper joint context.
Strategic National
Unified Command
Strategic Theater
I s s u e 2
Joint Force Headquarters
Operational
Issue 1
Components
Service Tasks
Tactical
MARFOR
AFFOR
NAVFOR
ARFOR
SOF
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JNTC
Global Simulation Centers
NORTH- COM
EUCOM
EUCOM
EUCOM
SOCOM
STRAT-COM
JFCOM
JFCOM
SOUTH
-
-
SOUTH
PACOM
PACOM
COM
COM
Experimentation and Testing
TRANS-COM
CENT
-
CENT
-
COM
COM
Service Simulation, Training and Testing Centers
and Ranges
Live / Virtual / Constructive
A global network of live, virtual and
constructive components that provides a seamless
training environment that supports a broad
spectrum of joint and Service training
requirements
Training Environment
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JNTC Exercise Types

• Horizontal Training Exercise Build on existing
  Service interoperability training
• Vertical Training Exercise Link component and
  joint command and staff planning and execution
• Integration Training Exercise Enhance existing
  joint exercises to address joint interoperability
  training in a joint context
• Functional Training Provide dedicated joint
  training environment for functional warfighting
  and complex joint tasks under study by Center
  for Naval Analysis (CNA)

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Horizontal Training ExerciseWestern Range
Complex Joint Context in a J-Tactical Event

• Synchronized NTC/AW and CAX venues through a
  common joint scenario (NTC 17 29 Jan 04 CAX
  25, 26, 28 29 Jan 04)
• Cross flow of fixed wing aircraft between the
  ranges (F/A-18s (USMC/Navy), AV-8Bs, F-16s)
• Opposition Forces Non-Organic Red aircraft
  (ATSI A-4s) Higher density of Red surface-to-air
  threat systems Information Operations
  Operations Security, Computer Network Operations,
  Electronic Warfare
• Command and control White Cell Joint Forces Air
  Component Commander, Combined Air Operations
  Center, Air Support Operations Center
• Fielding of JFCOM assessment teams at all live
  locations
• Integration of live, virtual and constructive
  simulations
• Live and virtual play of SOCOM resources
• Establishment of 29 Palms ground/air
  instrumentation

T2-JNTC planning process is a microcosm of the
real world joint process provides an excellent
training environment
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Integration Training Exercise Blinding Storm
/ Rapid Alliance / Combined Joint Task Force
Exercise (CJTFEX) 04-2 Highlights
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Background

• Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff approved
• COMUSJFCOM directed and sponsored
• Commander Fleet Forces Command (CFFC) executed
• First enhanced JFCOM joint interoperability
  exercise
• First JNTC Integration event
• US / UK bilateral training exercise

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CJTFEX 04-2

• First JNTC Integration event
• Training focus on functional component commands
• Analysis focus on Joint Tactical Tasks (JTT)
• Coalition participation in a JNTC event
• Primary Participant United Kingdom
• Secondary Participants Canada, Germany, France,
  Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, Italy and Peru
• Observers Australia, Brazil, Sweden
• Test processes incorporating Joint Combat
  Identification Evaluation Team and Joint Testing
  Evaluation to greater degree in training events

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13 Approved Technology Concept Demonstrations

• Evaluations / Tactics, Techniques Procedures
  Validation (6)
• Joint Command Control, Intelligence,
  Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JC2ISR) Joint
  Testing Evaluation (JTE)
• Joint Cruise Missile Defense Joint Testing
  Evaluation
• Joint Global Positioning System Combat
  Effectiveness (JGPSCE)
• Joint Methodology to Assess C4ISR Architecture
  (JMACA)
• Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (JUAV)
• Joint Datalink Information Combat Effectiveness
  (JDICE)
• Demonstrations (4)
• Targets Under Trees
• Coalition Combat ID Advanced Concept Technology
  Demo
• Grenadier Brat-Laser Range Finder
• Multi-Sensor Integration Demo
• Service Software Operational Effectiveness
  Evaluation (3)
• Chief of Naval Operations Project 801 (DDG
  51)
• Lower Tier Project Office Patriot Radar
• Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC)

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CJTFEX 04-2 Sites
Live
VIRTUAL
CONSTRUCTIVE
TESS-F
DBST SUITE AWSIM ASSET JSAF JQUAD NWARS
(SCI) JCATS TACSIM SIGS MUSE
ASTi Hub
EP-3 MAST
MDST
1st FW
OPFOR Air
JCATS JSAF
FMS-D ICE
ICE
MS Instrumentation ATI AWSIM to TBMCS
Interface AWSIM Air Warfare Simulation ASSET
Automated Scripted Simulator Exercise Trainer CSP
CRC Stimulation Package DBST Digital
Battlestaff Sustainment Trainer FMS-D Full
Mission Simulator Digital ICE Interactive
Constructive Environment JCAS Joint Command and
Control Attack Simulation JCATS Joint Conflict
and Tactical Simulation JECEWSI Joint
Electronic Combat Warfare Simulation JNETS
Joint Networks Simulation JSAF Joint
Semi-Automated Forces JSTARS Joint Surveillance
Target Attack Radar System JQUAD 4 simulations
(JECEWSI, JOISIM, JCAS, JNETS) MUSE - Multiple
Unit Simulation Environment MDST Missile
Defense and Space Tool NWARS National Wargaming
System SIGS- Synthetic Imagery Generation
System TACSIM Tactical Simulation of
Intelligence Systems TBMCS Theater Battle
Management Core Systems TESS Tactical
Engagement Simulation System
JSAF
SOF V-AC-130 V-MH-53E
CSP
AWSIM WS ATI
SOF -SSE
Virtual Simulators AC-130 and MH-53 EP-3 MAST
EP-3 Mission Avionics System Trainer SSE- Squad
Synthetic Environment ASTi Advanced Simulation
Technologies Inc.
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Road Map to IOC
Integration Training Event Eastern / Gulf Range
Complex A Bilateral Exercise Employing Joint and
Combined Forces in a littoral environment
involving forces at Camp Lejeune, Cherry Point,
Eglin AFB, Shaw AFB, Ft Story, USS Nassau, USS Mt
Whitney, USS John F. Kennedy, JWFC
Horizontal Training EventWestern Range Complex
A Full Integration Exercise with a brigade
rotation at the National Training Center, Air
Warrior from Nellis AFB, and USMC Combat Arms
Exercise, 29 Palms
JNTC FOC Oct 09
Jan 04
Oct 04
Mar 04
Jun 04
Sep 04
Jul 04
Oct 03
Apr 04
May 04
Aug 04
Feb 04
Jul 03
JNTC IOC Oct 04
Vertical Training Event Eastern Range Complex
JNTC Vertical Exercise designed to train
USNORTHCOM Staff, JTF, Components, and Government
Agencies
Horizontal Training Event Eastern Range
Complex JNTC Horizontal Exercise involving Joint
Readiness Training Center, Ft. Polk and Air
Warrior II, Barksdale AFB
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Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability

• Mission Ensure the systematic assessment of
  joint training and the effect from Training
  Transformation provide enabling tools and
  procedures to JKDDC and JNTC to enhance joint
  force readiness
• Customers COCOMs OSD Joint Staff JMOs
  Military Services Interagency Coalition
  Partners
• Goals
• Dynamic Joint Training System with next
  Generation Tools and Metrics
• Robust Joint Lessons Learned Capability
• System that Tracks Joint Qualifications and
  Experience
• Linkage of Joint Training Outcomes to Readiness
• New Joint Mission Essential Tasks for Interagency
  and Coalition
• New Training Assessment Guidelines Policies
• Joint Training System Enterprise Architecture
• Advanced Assessment Tools and Metrics
• T2 Block Assessments and Recommendations

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Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability
Outcomes
JNTC
Strategic Transformation Appraisal
T2 Capabilities Joint Operational Concepts
Training Value DOTMLPF Barriers Strategy
and Investments
Unit
Staff
JAEC
Individual
JKDDC
Defense Readiness Reporting System
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Performance Assessment Concept

• T2 Vector Assessments
• COCOM Alignment
• Service Alignment
• Force Transformation Alignment

• T2 Integration Assessments
• Policy integration
• Program and process integration
• Information systems integration

• T2 Training Value Assessments
• Joint Educated and Trained Personnel - quantity
• Staffs Unit skill mix
• Responsiveness to COCOM requirements changes

Source 2004 DoD Training Transformation
Implementation Plan (Section 1.0)
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Training Capabilities AoAWay Ahead

• SSG Decision Recap
• Blended Course of Action for future training
• Agree to content/structure of Final Report
• AoA Report ready for final staffing NLT 15 July
• Deliver AoA Report to USD (ATL) NLT 1 August
• Schedule next SSG or T2 ESG update in Aug 04
• Develop programmatic level detail for FY 06-11
• Reengage program review process later this year
• Initiate draft Program Change Proposal (PCP)
• Respond to brief Congress within 90 days

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Dr. Chus Challenge to MORS 2003
Conduct assessments and make recommendations

• Scientific and technological innovations
• Improved net-centric tools, processes, and
  methods
• New analytical methods and measures
• Joint training effectiveness and joint readiness
• Adaptability / intuitively joint response
• New joint operational concepts
• Cross-cultural and organization interoperability

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For additional information on Transforming DoD
Training www.T2net.org MORS Mini-Symposium/Work
shop 28-30 September 2004 SAIC
Conference Center Tysons Corner VA
www.mors.org