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Title: BOXING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL LEVEL REFEREEJUDGE Duties and Rules Click slide show window above


1
BOXING NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL LEVEL
REFEREE/JUDGEDuties and Rules Click slide show
window above
2
Purpose
  • This slide show is designed as a guide for
    Current Referees and Judges and an over view
    to persons interested in becoming an official of
    Boxing New Zealand

Horizons
3
New Officials Wanted
  • Are you interested in becoming an official?
  • Contact your local association on the
    clubs and associations pages
  • Or contact NZ Boxing Referees and Judges Assoc

4
Agenda
  • BNZ structure
  • Expectations
  • Objectives
  • Dress
  • Gloves
  • Bandages
  • Duties
  • Positioning
  • Hints for judges
  • Awarding of points/Scoring blows
  • Fouls
  • Cautions/warnings
  • Decisions
  • Timekeeping
  • Drawing of bouts
  • Age divisions
  • Female boxing
  • Weight divisions
  • Rounds

5
Agenda 2
  • Ref Dress/Duties
  • Ref Powers
  • Before bout
  • Positioning
  • Seconds
  • Shaking of hands
  • During bout
  • Positioning
  • Hints/movements
  • Commands
  • Cautions/warnings
  • Down
  • Counts/limits
  • Decisions
  • Injuries
  • Doctors role
  • After bout
  • Positioning

6
Boxing New Zealand
BNZ COUNCIL ( 6 ) Executive Officer (1)
26 ASSOCIATIONS
NZ COACHES ASSOC
NZ R JUDGES ASSOC
NZCA EXECUTIVE
RJ COMMISSION
SELECTORS
Sponsorship Funding Association /Clubs
Medical Rules Drugs
7
Expectations
  • The expectations of the spectators, competitors
    and coaches are that the Referees and Judges are
    totally impartial. Factors that affect RJs are
    the four Fs that is they are fit, fair, firm
    and friendly. Judging is only science refereeing
    is science as well as art.

Fit so you may easily move around the ring with
confidence and in touch with the athletes.
Fitness
Mental
Physical
EmotionalSpiritsMorale
Normal sightNot colour blindPerson with a
disabilityFitness above average
8
Expectations cont
Fair so that it is openly apparent there is no
favouritism
Fairness
Fair mindedInterpretation of rulesEnforcing of
rulesConsistency
Normally RJ are fair but may be affected by the
following factors
Intention
Internal
External
Reputation of boxer countryFriendsTeam
officials
9
Expectations cont
Firm so as coaches and boxers can be confident
in our actions
Friendly so our sport may flourish and there is
all round respect
Firmness
Friendliness
Firm application of rulesFirm decisionsFirm
actionFirm minded
Friendly in characterSpeak one of AIBA
languages(English, French, Russian,
Arabic)Sociable
Fit
Firm
Friendly
Fair
10
Objectives
  • The following is a comparison of objectives to
    make you better understand the role we play and
    why we have to overcome distractions or
    disappointments following unpopular decisions.
  • The objective of an athlete or coach is to
  • win the bout at all cost.
  • Our objective as officials is to
  • ensure we arrive at the correct decision within
    the boundaries of the rules.

11
Boxers dress
  • Clothing
  • Light boots or shoes without spikes or heals,
    socks, shorts not to exceed knee length, and a
    red or blue vest matching their corner covering
    the chest and back.
  • Where the vest and shorts are the same colour,
    the belt line must be clearly indicated.
  • A soft knee brace is acceptable no metal or hard
    plastic.
  • Gum shields
  • Shall be worn and shall be form fitted. Where
    the gum shield is knocked out the referee shall
    take the boxer to their corner, have it washed
    and refitted. While this is being done the
    seconds are not to talk to the boxer. If the
    gum shield falls out a third time for any reason
    the boxer shall be warned and further warned if
    it happens again.
  • Red coloured gum shields are forbidden
  • Cup/ breast protectors
  • A cup protector shall be worn by male boxers, a
    jock strap may be worn in addition. Females
    shall wear a breast protector.

12
Boxers dress cont
  • Head guards
  • Boxers shall wear conforming head guards approved
    by AIBA,
  • Head guards should be of the same colour as their
    corner in international bouts it is mandatory.
    National champs only AIBA approved head guards
    shall be used (Adidas, Everlast, Top Ten or Green
    Hill are approved).
  • The head guard will be fitted once in the ring
    and removed at the bout conclusion and before the
    decision.
  • Prohibited objects
  • No other objects may be worn during the bout. No
    type of body piercing and no body accessories
    shall be worn during the bout.
  • The use of rubbing liniment or products likely
    to be harmful or objectionable to an opponent, on
    the face, arms or any part of the body is
    forbidden. However, grease or vaseline rubbed
    into the forehead and eyebrows before a contest
    is allowable to prevent injury.
  • Dress infractions
  • A referee shall exclude from competition a boxer
    that does not wear a head guard, a cup-protector,
    a breast protector (females), and gumshield.
    Where a boxers glove or dress becomes undone
    during boxing the referee shall stop the contest
    and have it attended to.

13
Gloves
  • Competitors shall wear red or blue gloves as per
    the respective boxers corner and which are
    approved by AIBA, BAI or the state. At national
    champs only Adidas, Everlast or Top Ten are
    approved. Boxers are not allowed to wear their
    own gloves.
  • The gloves shall weigh 10oz of which the leather
    portion shall not weigh more than half of the
    total weight and the padding not less than half
    the total weight. The regular hitting surface
    must be marked on the gloves with a clearly
    discernible colour. The padding of the gloves
    shall not be displaced or broken. Only clean and
    serviceable gloves shall be used.
  • All gloves and bandages shall be fitted under the
    supervision of two knowledgeable officials
    appointed for that purpose.

14
Bandages
  • A bandage between 2.5m and 4.5m and 5.7cm wide on
    each hand will be used. No other kind of bandage
    may be used.
  • The use of any kind of tapes, rubber or adhesive
    plaster, as bandages, is strictly forbidden.
    However, a single strip of adhesive 3 (7.6cm)
    long and between 1 (2.5cm) and 2 (5cm) wide,
    may be used at the upper wrist to secure the
    bandage.
  • At national champs only AIBA bandages will be
    used.
  • Bandages shall be checked by the referee at the
    end of the bout.

15
The judge
  • Attire
  • Judges shall officiate in white clothing and
    black bow-tie.
  • Participation
  • 5 judges will officiate at championship and
    selection events.
  • In other events 3 judges must be used.
  • A referee will not judge.
  • Duties
  • The Judges primary duty is to independently and
    without bias judge the bout according to the
    rules.
  • Shall use the computer scoring system for
    judging, or if unavailable a Handheld boxing
    points calculator or similar 2019 scoring is
    forbidden.
  • May not speak to anyone during a bout or give any
    sign to a contestant or judge.
  • At end of a round, may bring to the referees
    attention anything the referee may not have
    noticed (eg loose ropes, noisy cornermen).
  • May not leave seat until the decision is
    announced.

16
Referees and Judges
  • This rule deals with the generics of the role.
  • Only AIBA officials shall officiate during
    Olympic, Worlds, AIBA Challenge matches, Oceania,
    and other internationals. Referees shall not
    judge.
  • 5 judges shall be seated at ringside and separate
    from the public. If 5 is unavailable 3 may be
    used but not in major AIBA tournaments.
  • Only officials qualified and approved shall be
    used.
  • Officials acting as referees or judges shall not
    act as a manager, trainer or second during the
    same tournament.
  • An official may be suspended if they fail to
    enforce the rules or their marking or scoring is
    considered unsatisfactory.
  • If the referee is incapacitated during the
    contest the timekeeper shall ring the bell to
    stop the bout and the next available referee will
    resume the bout.
  • The use of the computer scoring is compulsory for
    all AIBA tournaments.
  • The 20-point scoring system is forbidden. Judges
    must score with the computer scoring, the
    Handheld boxing points calculator or similar.

17
Ring positions
Stairs
2
1
Ref
JURY T A B L E
3
Includes Announcer Timekeeper Computer
operator Jury Chair Recorder
1
2
4
Stairs
5
Docs
3
Stairs
18
Hints for judges
  • Direct your gaze on a point midway between the
    two boxers this will enable you to see and note
    the actions of each boxer. Avoid any inclination
    to watch a particular boxer, who by reason of
    their style or personality may attract more
    attention than their opponent.
  • Never rely on past performance, reputations or
    titles earned by a particular athlete.
  • A boxer who swings his/her blows is liable to
    contact the target area with the inside of the
    glove. Considerable proportions of swinging blows
    do not contact with the knuckle part of the
    closed glove, and are therefore foul blows, for
    which the judge must not award points.
  • A guide as to the correctness of a swinging blow
    is whether a boxer turns the glove when
    delivering the blow. Unless this occurs the blow
    will almost certainly be struck with the inside
    of the glove.
  • Infighting may be described as the exchange of
    several blows when the boxers are close together.
    The advantage is usually with the boxer whom has
    the inside position because she/he can strike
    straight speedy blows whilst their arms protect
    them.
  • Dont give credit for blows delivered whilst the
    boxer is infringing the rules.
  • Dont be influenced by the reputation of the
    boxer the best champion is liable to be beaten.
    Award your points for the boxing you see, not for
    what a boxer can do, or has done on other
    occasions.
  • Dont be influenced by the crowd or by the
    corners.
  • Dont engage in conversation or other
    distractions during the contest, but give your
    undivided attention to the competing boxers,
    however, be prepared to advise the referee if
    she/he seeks your advice.

19
Awarding of points
  • Scoring Blow
  • A scoring blow is one, which without being
    blocked or guarded, lands with the knuckle part
    of the closed glove of either hand with the
    weight of the body on any part of the front or
    sides of the head or body above the belt, without
    infringing the rules.
  • A non-scoring blow is one which infringes the
    rules, or is struck with the side or back or
    inside of the glove, or with the open glove, or
    any part other than the knuckle part of the
    closed glove or which lands on the arms or
    which merely connects, without the weight of the
    body or shoulder.

20
Fouls
  • Hitting below the belt, holding, tripping,
    kicking, and butting with foot or knee.
  • Hits or blows with head, shoulder, forearm,
    elbow, throttling of the opponent, pressing with
    arm or elbow in opponents face, pressing the
    head of the opponent back over the ropes.
  • Hitting with open glove, the inside of the glove,
    wrist or side of the hand.
  • Hits landing on the back of the opponent, and
    especially any blow on the back of the neck or
    head and kidney punch.
  • Pivot blows.
  • Attack whilst holding the ropes or making any
    unfair use of the ropes.
  • Lying on, wrestling and throwing in the clinch.
  • An attack on an opponent who is down or who is in
    the act of rising.
  • Holding.
  • Holding and hitting or pulling and hitting.
  • Holding, or locking of the opponents arm or
    head, or pushing an arm underneath the arm of an
    opponent.
  • Ducking below the belt of the opponent in a
    manner dangerous to an opponent.
  • Completely passive defence by double cover and
    intentionally falling or turning the back to
    avoid a blow.
  • Useless, aggressive, or offensive utterances
    during a round.
  • Not stepping back when ordered to break.
  • Attempting to strike an opponent immediately
    after the referee has ordered break and before
    stepping back.
  • Assaulting or behaving in an aggressive manner
    towards a referee at any time.
  • Spitting out the gumshield.
  • Keeping the advanced hand straight in order to
    obstruct the opponents vision.

21
Cautions and warnings
  • A caution is advice or admonishment for less
    serious infringements. 3 cautions for the same
    type of foul shall require a warning to be given.
    A warning is given where a boxer breaks the
    rules but does not warrant disqualification.
  • A minor infringement that is not advantageous to
    the offender does not merit a warning. A caution
    therefore should be sufficient. Warnings are for
    dangerous infringements, harm fouls or persistent
    offences.
  • Cautions and warnings must be given clearly in
    such a way that the boxer understands the offence
    and that you are "speaking" to him/her with your
    signal. Demonstrate by imitating the nature of
    the infringements.
  • To issue a "warning" the referee must stop the
    bout by giving the command "stop". Send the
    victim boxer to the neutral corner, give warning
    (indicate this with the thumb), clearly showing
    infringement to boxer, then indicate to each
    judge in order from No 1 (jury 1st) to No 5 with
    the demonstrating thumb. Demonstrate again to
    boxer the infringement and indicate with thumb
    that warning has been given, and then order BOX.
    The command "box" should be given only after you
    have been satisfied that the offender clearly
    understands the warning.

22
Cautions and warnings cont
  • At the "third" warning, you must disqualify the
    offender. After you have disqualified the boxer
    by issuing the warning and then returning the
    boxers to their respective corners, you must let
    your decision be known to the Jury/official in
    charge and to each judge (only for Handheld
    Boxing Points Calculator scoring). For this
    purpose, you may lean over the ropes and very
    clearly indicate which boxer you have
    disqualified. Do NOT take a disqualified boxer to
    his/her corner and enter into any discussion with
    the boxer or the seconds to justify your
    decision.
  • Judges responsibility
  • Where a judge agrees with a warning the judge
    will press the warning button, whereas if a
    judge does not agree with the warning he/she
    simply does nor press any buttons. Where a judge
    is unsighted they shall agree with the referee.
  • Where a judge sees a foul where the referee was
    possibly obstructed or failed to respond, the
    judge may penalise the boxer by pressing the
    warning button. This will be indicated by a
    J on the bout printout and will increase the
    judges individual score by 2 blows.
  • Boxer down from a foul
  • Where a boxer has been knocked down from a foul
    his/her opponent shall be warned, and the victim
    boxer shall receive two (2) points or the
    equivalent to two (2) scoring blows if three of
    the five judges agree with the referee. Where
    the judge does not see the alleged foul blow the
    judge shall agree with the referee.

23
Decisions (and actions)?
  • Win on points.
  • Retirement.
  • RSC
  • Outclassed (OC).
  • Compulsory count limit (CCL).
  • Injury

Next
24
Decisions cont
  • Disqualification.
  • Knockout.
  • RSCH (referee stops contest head injury).
  • R.S.C.H. is a term to be used only when a boxer
    is being saved from a knockout after having
    received hard head blows making him defenceless
    and incapable of continuing.
  • The term RSCH is not to be used when a boxer is
    simply outclassed and is receiving too many
    scoring hits without scoring him/herself.
  • Walkover.
  • No contest.
  • Draw.

25
The timekeeper
  • The primary duty of the timekeeper is to regulate
    the number, duration and intervals between the
    rounds.
  • The intervals between rounds are one full minute
    (60 seconds) in duration.
  • Five seconds before the start of each round, the
    timekeeper shall signal seconds out by use of a
    whistle, similar device or by informing the
    announcer to announce seconds out.
  • The timekeeper shall commence and end each round
    by striking the gong, bell, buzzer or horn, etc.
  • The Timekeeper shall announce the number of each
    round prior to the start of the round.
  • The timekeeper shall regulate all periods of time
    and counts by a watch or clock.
  • Stops of the contest for warnings, cautions,
    bringing the dress or equipment into order, or
    for any other reason are NOT included in the two
    minutes, whereas a count IS included in the two
    minutes. A full one-minute rest shall be given
    between rounds. No additional round(s) may be
    given.
  • In the event of a knockdown, the timekeeper
    shall
  • immediately start the count by raising his/her
    hand
  • regulate the passing seconds with movement of the
    hand in a visual position for the referees
    direction
  • begin the count from one to ten with intervals
    of one second and
  • resume the clock as any count is part of the
    duration of the round.
  • If, at the end of the round, a boxer is down
    and the referee is in the course of counting, the
    gong or bell will not be sounded until the
    referee has given the command box indicating
    the continuation of the round.

26
Drawing of bouts
  • Purpose
  • The draw will take place following the weigh-in
    and 3 hrs before the first bout of the first
    session. To reduce the number of boxers in the
    first series down to 2, 4, 8, etc boxers in the
    second series.
  • To determine the order of competition.

Where there is 5 boxers there will be 1 bout, 3
byes as such
Where there is 8 boxers there will be 4 bouts, 0
byes as such
1
3
Bout 1
2
Bout 5
Bout 2
3
4
Bout 2
4
Bout 4
Bout 7
5
5
Bout 3
6
Bout 3
Bout 6
7
1
Bout 4
Bout 1
2
8
27
Computer scoring
  • In 1990, AIBA made computerised scoring mandatory
    for all international tournaments, and BA rules
    require computerised scoring also for all
    national competitions in Australia.
  • The main purpose of computerised scoring is to
    ensure fair, objective and purely technical
    decisions for the boxers. Other advantages are
    Judges are relieved of the tedious calculations
    to determine points and can concentrate on
    recognising and recording scoring blows only.
    Trace recording of all judges actions at every
    second of the bout are made, and faster, more
    accurate flow of information and less delay
    between bouts occurs.
  • All Judges reactions are immediately displayed
    on the screen that is situated in front of the
    jury. In this manner the jury is able to monitor
    the effectiveness of each Judge. All data that is
    collected during the bout is synchronised with
    the bout clock. This means that each press of a
    button by a Judge is immediately time stamped and
    registered. As we do not use a bout clock linked
    to the computer, our situation is that the
    computer internally registers this information
    that can then be extracted.
  • Judges new to computer scoring generally tend to
    under-press or over-press significantly. It is
    important to learn to relax and not be
    trigger-happy, since you cannot undo a press of
    the button. There is plenty of time for you to
    determine if a punch is valid, and ensure that
    you press the button for the correct corner (red
    or blue) promptly but without rushing.

28
Computer scoring contScoring pad
  • Concept
  • On/off button
  • Scoring buttons
  • Warning buttons
  • Visual display
  • Visual display button
  • Power input

29
Computer scoring cont
  • Individual score
  • Individual accepted score
  • Combined accepted score
  • Warnings
  • Judges warning
  • Draw
  • If computer malfunctions
  • Judges assessment

30
Computer scoring cont
  • If the computer scoring system becomes defective
    during a bout the Jury shall cease the bout for
    one minute.
  • Scores retained
  • If, during the one-minute period the system
    cannot be repaired and the scores at the time of
    the stoppage are retained, proceed as follows
  • The judges shall use hand held scoring devices
    (includes clicker devices) and record the bout
    for the duration and record the score onto
    scoring paper.
  • At the end of the contest the jury shall collect
    the scoring papers from the judges.
  • Add the judges individual scores from the
    computer to the scores from the scoring papers,
    delete the high and low scores from the red and
    blue corner to arrive at the winner.
  • Scores not retained
  • If during the one minute period the system cannot
    be repaired and the scores at the time of the
    stoppage are not retained, proceed as follows
  • If the incident occurs in the 1st, 2nd, or in
    case of a 4 round bout the 3rd round, and there
    are at least three more bouts scheduled in that
    session, the bout shall be rescheduled as the
    final bout of the session.
  • If the incident occurs in the 1st, 2nd, or in
    case of a 4 round bout the 3rd round, and there
    are less than three more bouts scheduled in that
    session, the bout shall be rescheduled to the
    start of the next session but if there are no
    further sessions scheduled for the event then the
    judges will be asked to decide the winner.
  • If the incident occurs after the end of the 2nd,
    or in case of a 4 round bout the 3rd round, the
    judges will be asked to decide the winner.

31
Handheld boxing points calculator
  • Concept
  • Handheld calculators are not connected to a
    computer, but use the same concept as a simple
    press of a red or blue button each time a scoring
    blow has been delivered. This enables the judge
    to fully concentrate on the bout and to simply
    react to a scoring punch.

W
W
  • On button
  • Boxing mode

Start/Display
  • Start scoring
  • Scoring buttons

Round
7
8
9
/
  • Warning buttons

BoxCal
4
5
6
X
  • Round button


1
2
3
-
On
0
Sum
  • Stop scoring
  • Display scores

32
Handheld boxing points calculator
Scorecard
Location
Bout No
Weight Div
Date
Referee
Judge
BLUE
RED
  • Scorecard

Boxers name
Boxers name
  • Warnings

Club/State
Club/State
  • Judges warnings

Warnings counts
Points
Points
Round
Warning counts
  • Knockdowns

1
W
  • Procedure at end of bout

2
J-OG
X
  • Points equal at end of bout

3
KDH
  • If handheld malfunctions

4
Total
Total
In case of tied score
Most leading off or better style
Better defence
Other
RED
BLUE
WINNER
H
B
RSCHead
RSC Out-class
RSC Comp Count Limit
Points
Knockout
Disq
Retired
RSC Injury
Walkover
No Contest
Rounds
1
2
3
4
..Signature of Judge
33
Judges analysis
Judges analysis
34
Referees duties
  • Dress
  • White pants and shirt with black bowtie. Flat
    soled shoes.
  • Disposable gloves.
  • Surgical swabs.
  • Duties
  • The referees primary duty is the safety of the
    boxers.
  • The referees secondary duties are to
  • maintain control of the bout and ensure rules and
    fair play are adhered to, and
  • ensure a boxer does not take unnecessary or
    excessive punishment.
  • Check the gloves and dress.
  • Use three words of command
  • stop when ordering the boxers to stop boxing.
  • box when ordering them to continue.
  • break when breaking a clinch, at which stage
    each boxer shall step back a full pace before
    continuing boxing.
  • Indicate by suitable signs or gestures any
    infringement of the rules.
  • When the winner of the bout is announced, raise
    the hand of the winning boxer not before.
  • Where a disqualification or stoppage has occurred
    a referee will first notify the jury, and if the
    judges are using the Handhelds or similar,
    notify the judges.

35
The referee cont
  • Powers
  • Terminate a contest if it is too one-sided.
  • Terminate if one or both boxers are injured or
    cant continue.
  • Terminate if one or both boxers are not in
    earnest, in which case the referee may disqualify
    one or both boxers.
  • Caution a boxer or stop a contest and give a
    warning.
  • Disqualify a boxer who fails to comply
    immediately with orders or behaves aggressively
    or offensively towards referee.
  • Caution or remove a second who infringes rules,
    and disqualify a boxer if the second does not
    comply with orders.
  • Disqualify for a foul, with or without a previous
    warning.
  • Suspend a count if other boxer deliberately fails
    to retire to neutral corner, delays so doing, or
    seconds are talking or gesturing to their boxer
    or crowd.
  • Interpret rules and take action on any matter not
    covered by a rule.

36
Before bout ring positioning
Stairs
2
Ref
JURY T A B L E
3
Includes Announcer Timekeeper Computer
operator Jury Chair Recorder
1
4
Stairs
5
Docs
Stairs
37
The coach
  • Each competitor is entitled to one coach and one
    assistant coach.
  • Only the two coaches shall mount the ring and
    only one shall enter the ring during the
    interval. Coaches are not to enter before or at
    the end of a contest.
  • During the bout no coaches shall remain on the
    platform. Before the bout begins they shall
    remove everything from the platform.
  • A coach may retire their boxer, but not whilst
    the referee is counting.
  • No advice or encouragement shall be given to a
    competitor by the coaches during the bout. Nor
    shall they encourage spectators to act on their
    behalf.
  • A coach may be cautioned or removed for their
    actions.
  • A boxer may also be cautioned, warned or
    disqualified for offences committed by the coach.
  • Where a coach is removed from the corner they
    shall not act again in that session. If it
    occurs a second time the coach shall not act
    again during that tournament.

38
Shaking of hands
  • Purpose
  • Boxers shall shake hands as a sign of
    sportsmanship and friendly rivalry in accordance
    with the rules of boxing.
  • Authorised times
  • Takes place before the beginning of the first
    round and after the result has been given. No
    other shaking of hands is permitted.

39
The Jury positioning
Stairs
2
Ref
JURY T A B L E
3
Includes Announcer Timekeeper Computer
operator Jury Chair Recorder
1
4
Stairs
5
Docs
Stairs
40
The Jurys role
  • At national champs the jury will consist of not
    less than three persons who will be at least
    National qualified RJ. The duties of the jury
    will be to
  • Oversee the scoring and decisions of the referees
    and judges.
  • Recommend to the RJ Committee to suspend or
    disqualify referees and judges.
  • Hear protests.
  • Cease boxing where circumstances should arise
    that require action.
  • Stopping the bout on the recommendation from the
    ringside physician.
  • Overturn boxing contests or change boxing
    decisions where appropriate.

41
The Jury cont
  • Protests
  • The team manager can lodge a protest within 30
    minutes of bout termination, and within 5 minutes
    for championship final bouts with a protest fee
    of 50. If upheld, the fee is refunded.
  •  
  • Overriding a decision
  • The Jury can overturn a decision only where they
    consider the Referee has made a decision against
    the rules and articles of AIBA/BNZ or where there
    has been obvious cheating or, where Handheld
    Boxing Points Calculator Scoring, or similar, is
    used, the score has been incorrectly added.

42
During bout ring positioning
Stairs
2
Ref
JURY T A B L E
3
Includes Announcer Timekeeper Computer
operator Jury Chair Recorder
1
4
Stairs
5
Docs
Stairs
43
Hints for referees
  • The first and most important duty of the referee
    is the safety of the boxers then to uphold the
    rules and to prevent either boxer from receiving
    unnecessary and excessive blows. The referee must
    immediately stop the boxing when a boxer appears
    unable to properly defend him/herself.
  • Consideration of pleasing the public or
    disappointing a gallant loser must never
    influence a referee or judge.
  • Be strict without being severe. Boxing is a
    sport.
  • Never try to intimidate a boxer by finger
    pointing when issuing a caution or warning. Be
    sure to use the whole hand as this projects a
    better image and will maintain respect from the
    competitors.
  • Forget the public who may "boo" when you issue a
    caution, warning or count. The "third man" in the
    ring risks more criticism than anyone else.
  • Never try to get into the act! A good referee
    makes the boxers feel his/her presence. But the
    audience hardly realises he/she is in the ring.
  • Deal with the serious offences at the very outset
    with proper cautions and warnings. Your demeanour
    should impress on the boxers that they are not
    inside the ring for the purpose of fighting but
    for a game of skill strictly according to the
    rules.
  • Move alertly around the ring and avoid remaining
    in one position for a long period thus
    obstructing the view of the judges and onlookers.

44
Hints for referees cont
  • If the contest is fought at close quarters the
    referee should be up close in a position where
    break can be enforced and at all times ensuring
    both boxers hear the call.
  • If a boxer is hurt or suspected of being hurt and
    the bout is continuing remain close to the action
    so you are in a position that immediate action to
    cease the contest can occur.
  • Never give commands if the boxer has their back
    to the referee. Ensure you are in a correct
    position where the boxer fully understands your
    instructions, actions or gestures.
  • If the contest is fought at a fast pace, follow
    the aggressor and work around the boxers always
    endeavouring to watch both of the contestants.
  • Dont walk backwards always move in a forward
    direction where possible.
  • Where a southpaw is competing against an orthodox
    boxer ensure you stay on the open side.
  • Distinguish between "infighting" and "clinching".
    A clinch occurs when one or both boxers lead and
    for a moment their arms become locked together.
    This is not an offence, but an offence does occur
    when a boxer does not make an attempt to
    disengage from the clinch and continues to hold.
  • Do not give the command "break" too quickly or
    too often. This order should be given when the
    boxers are slow in getting out of a clinch. At
    the command "break insist on both the boxers
    taking one full step backward with both feet
    before resuming boxing.
  • At the end of the round call STOP and await for
    the boxers to retire to their corners. Do not
    turn your back on the boxers, but move to the
    centre of the ring, turn and back into the
    neutral corner.

45
Cautions and warnings
  • A caution is advice or admonishment for less
    serious infringements. 3 cautions for the same
    type of foul shall require a warning to be given.
    A warning is given where a boxer breaks the
    rules but does not warrant disqualification.
  • A minor infringement that is not advantageous to
    the offender does not merit a warning. A caution
    therefore should be sufficient. Warnings are for
    dangerous infringements, harm fouls or persistent
    offences.
  • Cautions and warnings must be given clearly in
    such a way that the boxer understands the offence
    and that you are "speaking" to him/her with your
    signal. Demonstrate by imitating the nature of
    the infringements.
  • To issue a "warning" you must stop the bout by
    giving the command "stop". Send the victim boxer
    to the neutral corner, give warning (indicate
    this with the thumb), clearly showing
    infringement to boxer, then indicate to each
    judge in order from No 1 (jury first) to No 5
    with the demonstrating thumb. Demonstrate again
    to boxer the infringement and indicate with thumb
    that warning has been given, and then order BOX.
    The command "box" should be given only after you
    have been satisfied that the offender clearly
    understands the warning.

46
Cautions and warnings cont
  • At the "third" warning, you must disqualify the
    offender. After you have disqualified the boxer
    by issuing the warning and then returning the
    boxers to their respective corners, you must let
    your decision be known to the Jury/official in
    charge and to each judge (only for Handheld
    Boxing Points Calculator scoring). For this
    purpose, you may lean over the ropes and very
    clearly indicate which boxer you have
    disqualified. Do NOT take a disqualified boxer to
    his/her corner and enter into any discussion with
    the boxer or the seconds to justify your
    decision.
  • Boxer down from a foul
  • Where a boxer has been knocked down from a foul
    his/her opponent shall be warned, and the victim
    boxer shall receive two (2) points or the
    equivalent to two (2) scoring blows if three of
    the five judges agree with the referee. Where
    the judge does not see the alleged foul blow the
    judge shall agree with the referee.

47
Down
  • A knockdown is the result of a blow or series of
    blows. No extra points are awarded for a
    knockdown, only the blow that landed. Where a
    boxer is down the opponent must retire to the
    neutral corner. However, at all times your first
    priority and consideration is the downed boxer.
  • Definition of down
  • if any part of the body other than the soles of
    the feet touche the floor from a blow or series
    of blows,
  • if the boxer hangs helplessly on the ropes from a
    blow or series of blows,
  • if the boxer is outside or partly outside the
    ropes from a blow or series of blows, or
  • if following a hard blow the boxer has not fallen
    or hanging helplessly on the ropes, but is in a
    semi-conscience state and in the opinion of the
    Referee is unable to continue.

48
Down cont
  • The count
  • The referee shall immediately start the count.
  • Before one is counted an interval of one second
    must have lapsed.
  • The referee shall count aloud from one to ten
    with a second between the numbers, and indicate
    the passing of the seconds with the fingers in a
    manner that the down boxer is aware.
  • Where an opponent fails to retire to a neutral
    corner the referee shall stop counting, until the
    opponent has done so, and then resume where it
    was stopped.
  • Number of counts
  • For males and females who box as Elites (aged
    17-34 inclusive), a contest shall be terminated
    as Referee Stopped Contest if there are three
    counts in any one round or four counts in the
    bout.
  • Male, 3x3 min rounds
  • Female, 4x2 min rounds
  • For all other divisions, a contest will be
    terminated as Referee Stopped Contest if there
    are two counts in any one round or three counts
    in the bout.
  • Opponents responsibility
  • If a boxer is down, the opponent must at once go
    to a neutral corner, and only continue on the
    command box.
  • Mandatory eight count
  • If a boxer is down as a result of a blow the bout
    shall not continue until the count of eight is
    reached.

49
Down cont
  • The knockout
  • After the referee has said ten and the word
    out, the bout ends and shall be decided as a
    knockout. Nevertheless, where a boxer is
    unconscious the referee shall say one and out
    and a knockout shall apply.
  • Boxer down at end of round
  • In the event of a boxer being down at the end of
    any round the referee shall continue to count.
    If the boxer is fit to resume boxing before the
    count of ten is reached, the referee shall
    immediately command box. The bell cannot save a
    boxer.
  • Boxer down a second time without a fresh blow
  • Where a bout is continued after the count of
    eight, and the boxer falls again without
    receiving a fresh blow, the referee shall
    continue counting from the count of eight.
  • Both boxers down
  • If both boxers go down at the same time, counting
    will be continued as long as one is still down.
    If both boxers remain down until ten both
    boxers will lose by KO and the mandatory
    probation period will apply.
  • KO and win by disqualification
  • Where a boxer receives a blow to the head
    illegally after the referee has called break or
    stop and the boxer is counted out, the boxer
    cannot continue to compete at the event even if
    awarded the bout by disqualification as the
    mandatory probation period would apply.

50
Down cont
  • Boxer fails to resume
  • A boxer who fails to resume after the interval or
    fails to resume within ten seconds following a
    down situation shall lose the contest.
  • Boxer down from a foul
  • Count to eight and if the down boxer is unable
    to continue have the Ringside Physician attend
    immediately to the down boxer. The referee will
    then consult the judges and if the majority
    consider it a foul then the offender will be
    warned and disqualified. Where a boxer has been
    knocked down from a foul his/her opponent shall
    shall receive two (2) points or the equivalent to
    two (2) scoring blows if three of the five judges
    agree with the referee. Where the judge does
    not see the alleged foul blow the judge shall
    agree with the referee.
  • Count limits
  • Elite 3 counts in one round, 4 for the whole
    contest
  • All others 2 counts in one round, 3 for the
    whole contest.
  • Count limit when boxer down from a foul
  • Where a boxer has been knocked down from a foul
    that count will not count towards the compulsory
    count limit.

51
Down cont
  • Boxer possibly unconscious
  • In this situation there is no need to count to
    eight or ten. After giving the order stop, the
    referee will order one-out and immediately call
    the Ringside Physician to the stricken boxer. Do
    not touch the boxer, do not remove the mouthguard
    or place boxer in coma position. Only if the
    mouthguard is partially out, then remove it
    otherwise let the Ringside Physician only attend
    to boxer. No one else is allowed into the ring.
  • Bell sounds during count
  • If the bell sounds during the count, continue to
    count the boxer. Remember you are still in
    control of the bout. If the boxer is fit to
    continue at the count of eight (8) instruct BOX
    and immediately STOP. This effectively means that
    the bout can be continued. If the boxer is unable
    to continue at the count of 8 call STOP and then
    inform jury either RSC or RSC(H). If Handheld
    Boxing Points Calculator Scoring or similar is in
    place inform the jury firstly and then the judges
    of your decision.
  • Saved by the bell
  • A boxer cannot be saved by the bell at any time.

52
Down cont
  • While counting a boxer the opponent goes down
  • Continue to count first boxer while observing the
    condition of the opponent who has gone down.
    However, if either boxer falls unconscious, or
    appears in an unconscious state, the bout is to
    be stopped immediately irrespective of the count,
    i.e. if at 4 the opponent goes down unconscious
    do not continue to count, stop the boxing
    immediately.
  • If at eight first boxer is able to continue and
    opponent is still considered down, continue
    count nine, ten out for the opponent and give the
    appropriate decision. If first boxer is unable to
    continue at eight and opponent is still down,
    continue to count to ten for both boxers and the
    decision will be given as a double knockout and
    both boxers given probation periods.
  • Boxer knocked out of the ring
  • According to the rules a boxer who has fallen out
    of the ring should not be assisted. But it is the
    basic duty of the referee to preserve and protect
    the boxers health. So, when a boxer is falling
    out of the ring, the referee may hold him/her.
    The same applies to the judges, seconds or
    spectators, and this assistance is not deemed
    outside help and will not be punished. However,
    it is deemed outside help
  • a. if seconds or friends help a boxer who has
    fallen out of the ring to stand up and get back
    into the ring, or
  • b. if seconds or friends give a boxer in question
    any restorative or stimulating substance.
  • In such a case the boxer will be disqualified .

53
Down contLow blow criteria
  • Referee saw the blow
  • The blow was low, referee counts to 8, the boxer
    can continue
  • Call stop and direct victim boxer to the
    neutral corner. Call offending boxer to the
    centre of the ring and issue a warning. Box.
  • The blow was low, referee counts to 8, the boxer
    cannot continue
  • Stop. Call doctor to the victim boxer. Call
    offending boxer to the centre of the ring and
    issue a warning and then disqualify.
  • The blow was legal, referee counts to 8, the
    boxer can continue
  • Box.
  • The blow was legal, referee counts to 8, the
    boxer cannot continue
  • 9-10-out. Call doctor to down boxer. Send other
    boxer to his/her corner and advise jury RSC.

54
Down contLow blow criteria
  • Referee did not see the blow
  • The blow was low, referee counts to 8, the boxer
    can continue
  • Stop and direct down boxer to the neutral
    corner direct other boxer to remain in neutral
    corner. Consult judges. 1st, simulate to judges
    did you see blow, if no consult other judges.
    2nd indicate body or below belt. Where even
    accept it was legal (not proven guilty). If
    majority of judges say low, call offending boxer
    to the centre of the ring and issue a warning and
    direct box.
  • The blow was low, referee counts to 8, the boxer
    cannot continue
  • Stop. Call doctor to the down boxer. Direct
    other boxer to remain in neutral corner. Consult
    judges. 1st, simulate to judges did you see
    blow, if no consult other judges. 2nd indicate
    body or below belt. Where even accept it was
    legal (not proven guilty). If low, call offending
    boxer to the centre of the ring, issue a warning
    and disqualify.
  • The blow was legal, referee counts to 8, the
    boxer can continue
  • Stop and direct down boxer to the neutral
    corner direct other boxer to remain in neutral
    corner. Consult judges. 1st, simulate to judges
    did you see blow, if no consult other judges.
    2nd indicate body or below belt. Where even
    accept it was legal (not proven guilty). If
    majority of judges say body, call box.
  • The blow was legal, referee counts to 8, the
    boxer cannot continue
  • Stop. Call doctor to the down boxer. Direct
    other boxer to remain in neutral corner. Consult
    judges. 1st, simulate to judges did you see
    blow, if no consult other judges. 2nd indicate
    body or below belt. Where even accept it was
    legal (not proven guilty). If majority of judges
    say body send other boxer to his/her corner and
    advise jury RSC.

55
Break
  • Do not give the command "break" too quickly or
    too often. This order should be given when the
    boxers are slow in getting out of a clinch. It
    must be noted that if one of the boxers has
    his/her hands free there is no clinch. Therefore,
    the command "break" need not be given, but the
    bout may be stopped and the other boxer cautioned
    for holding. Remember that fouls should be dealt
    with by cautions and warnings and not by always
    ordering break. At the command "break insist
    on both the boxers taking one full step backward
    with both feet before resuming boxing.
  • Break when one boxer is up against the ropes
  • Do not give the command too quickly ensure you
    are in the correct position before doing so. Call
    stop and insert your arm between the boxers with
    the palm of your hand facing the boxer on the
    ropes. Move the boxers to the centre of the ring
    and instruct box. Never call break while the
    boxers are on the ropes without taking
    appropriate action. The boxer on the ropes cannot
    take a step back and could therefore be
    potentially at risk.
  • Never push or pull the boxers apart or step
    between them when breaking the clinch. They must
    respond to your vocal command .

56
Infighting
  • Distinguish between "infighting" and "clinching".
    A clinch occurs when one or both boxers lead and
    for a moment their arms become locked together.
    This is not an offence, but an offence does occur
    when a boxer does not make an attempt to
    disengage from the clinch and continues to hold
  • You must be able to differentiate between
    infighting and lying on. A proper infighter
    balances steadily on his/her own feet without
    leaning on his/her opponent and can take an
    upright position anytime without falling forward
    .

57
Injury
  • It is not mandatory, but it is strongly suggested
    that a referee has Hepatitis B inoculations.
  • The referee, upon noticing any bleeding about the
    head, shall give the command "stop".
  • The referee will have on their person a gauze pad
    to clean the injured area. Once the injured boxer
    is cleaned the gauze pad or swab is to be
    discarded in the plastic bags in the neutral
    corners. The referee is not to reuse the pad or
    swab on an opponent, or carry the pad or swab. If
    an opponent requires cleaning a new pad or swab
    is to be used.
  • If the area continues to bleed, the referee will
    consult the ringside physician. The physician
    will inform the referee whether the bout is to
    continue or issue an RSC.
  • Always check the condition of the opponent when a
    bout is stopped due to excessive bleeding. Its
    possible that the opponent has also been injured
    and the decision could be a double injury and
    result in a points decision.

58
Injury cont
  • The referee may summon the Ringside Physician as
    often as necessary during a bout, and this may
    include between rounds if the boxer is distressed
    or in need of medical attention, in which case
    the bout shall be stopped.
  • The referee has the sole right to decide whether
    the boxer is fit to continue or not, but when in
    doubt, be on the safe side. Safeguard your
    position, consult the Ringside Physician and
    thereby avoid unnecessary demonstration from the
    audience and the concerned boxer's camp. Once you
    consult the Ringside Physician, you are duty
    bound to follow his/her advice.
  • Following the nursing of injuries it is important
    to ensure no blood is still on the gloves. Check
    both boxers to ensure all blood is removed,
    thereby promoting the image of a clean and
    competitive sport. Once you have wiped a boxer,
    never use the same pad or swab to wipe an
    opponent.
  • Finals of championships
  • In the finals of a championship the uninjured
    boxer will be determined the winner irrespective
    of the round.

59
Attendance of doctor
  • Attendance
  • A qualified doctor of medicine shall be in
    attendance throughout the competition and should
    not leave the place where it is held before the
    end of the last bout.
  • Doctors may wear surgical gloves referees shall
    wear surgical gloves.
  • Seating
  • The doctor should be seated at ringside.
  • Doctor intervention
  • Where the doctor believes the bout should be
    stopped because of severe punches they shall
    advise the jury chair who shall press a bell,
    raise a flag, or get the attention of the referee
    to stop the bout.
  • The doctor will then mount the ring and examine
    the boxer and advise the referee whether to box
    or stop. The doctor shall have one minute to
    decide.

60
Doctors role
  • The doctor, or ringside physician, has arguably
    one of the most important roles before, during
    and after a boxing contest. The doctor shall
  • Check the boxer before each contest and sign
    their Competition Record Book.
  • Sit at ringside and be prepared to interject if
    required.
  • Has the right to request suspension of up to one
    minute to examine a boxer or stop the bout.
  • If called into the ring by the referee, no other
    personnel are to enter the ring.
  • Inform the referee whether the bout is to
    continue (box) or stop (RSC) following a request
    from the referee to check a boxer.   Referee may
    consult the Ringside Physician and, if does so,
    must follow the Ringside Physicians advice.
  • Not interfere during the one-minute interval
    unless the boxer is distressed or in need of
    medical attention, at which stage the bout should
    be terminated.
  • Sign a boxers Competition Record Book next to
    the decision where a boxer has been KO-H, RSCH or
    has been concussed to verify a probation period.
  • The referee may summon the Ringside Physician as
    often as necessary during a bout, and this may
    include between rounds.
  • The referee has the sole right to decide whether
    the boxer is fit to continue or not, but when in
    doubt, be on the safe side. Safeguard your
    position, consult the Ringside Physician and
    thereby avoid unnecessary demonstration from the
    audience and the concerned boxer's camp. Once you
    consult the Ringside Physician, you are duty
    bound to follow his/her advice. If a boxer
    continues to bleed, the referee will consult the
    ringside physician.

61
After bout ring positioning
Stairs
2
Ref
JURY T A B L E
3
Includes Announcer Timekeeper Computer
operator Jury Chair Recorder
1
4
Stairs
5
Docs
Stairs
62
After bout roles/duties
  • At the bell, command STOP. Do not turn your
    back on the boxers, but wait for the boxers to
    retire to their respective corners before
    returning to your position in the neutral corner.
    During this, do not turn your back as it shows
    disrespect to the boxers, and you lose sight of
    whats happening walk to the centre of the ring,
    turn, and then back into the neutral corner.
  • Await for each boxer to remove their gloves AND
    headgear.
  • Where Handheld or similar scoring is used collect
    each judges scorecard, ensuring the scorecard is
    complete, it is tallied correct, a winner is
    nominated and the scorecard is signed. Hand the
    scorecards to the jury member in charge or
    announcer.
  • Where trophies are given, collect the trophies
    and move to the centre of the ring facing the
    jury or main table and call the boxers to the
    centre. Place the trophies in front of you
    awaiting the decision. If there is a sponsor(s)
    awarding prizes then hand them trophies.
  • At this stage you will shake the hand of each
    boxer in recognition of their efforts, courage
    and sportsmanship. At this stage check the
    bandages.
  • Take each boxers wrist and await the decision.
    At the decision raise the winners arm and award
    their trophy.
  • When the boxers have left the ring you exit
    (first in, last out).

63
Exhibitions
  • Exhibitions are less intense where boxers punch
    lighter and where no result is given. Exhibitions
    are a way for boxers to demonstrate their style
    or gain useful learning experiences.
  • Exhibition bouts between novices can be extremely
    frustrating and you as a referee need to take
    complete control to ensure the bout does not get
    out of hand.
  • It is acceptable that the boxers wear larger
    gloves, but they must be identical, and head
    guards may be full-face or more protective.
  • During exhibition bouts there will be no judging
    and the judges will not be seated at ringside.
  • Whilst checking the boxers it is a great
    opportunity to explain the tempo of the bout that
    you expect. Explain to the boxers the speed of
    the bout and the weight of the punches that you
    expect.
  • Boxers will not touch gloves during the contest
    other than at the start and conclusion.
  • During the contest dont be afraid to talk to the
    boxers and encourage them, plus give direction
    where necessary. Dont get into the habit of
    continually stopping the contest remember it is
    an exhibition and it is best to allow the bout to
    progress without menial stops.
  • If during the contest a situation presents itself
    where a boxer has been put into a down
    situation then the bout will be terminated as
    its evident that one the boxers has taken
    advantage of the other boxer. This can be relaxed
    during elite boxer competition sparring, at
    which time a count will be applied.
  • During the contest it is acceptable that the
    coachs instruct the boxers, however, ensure
    their participation does not become excessive if
    it does take appropriate action.

64
Drugs
  • Any substance used by a competing boxer that is
    foreign to the body is prohibited (refer BNZ
    by-law WADA Anti Doping Policy).
  •  
  • Cannabinoid's (marijuana) is considered a banned
    substance in all testing. Boxers testing positive
    in this regard are automatically suspended for a
    period of one (1) year.
  •  
  • The IOC banned list of substances constitutes
    AIBAs list of banned substances .
  • Many thanks to Wayne Rose (Australia) in
    producing this article
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