Immigration and Organized Labor in the Gilded Age

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Immigration and Organized Labor in the Gilded Age
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Immigration and Urbanization

• Increased immigration from East and Central
  Europe
• Youth movement from farms to cities
• Rapid population increases
• First cities to reach 1 million New York,
  Chicago, Philadelphia

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Russian ghetto, New York City
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Metropolitan Opera House, New York
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Woolworth Building, New York
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Emma Goldman

• Born June 27, 1869, in Lithuania to a middle
  class Jewish family.
• Corset factory in St. Petersburg, age 13.
• Writings of Socialist Nikolai Chernyshevsky.
• Immigrated to Rochester, N.Y., 1886.

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Goldman in America

• Worked in textile factory.
• Married Jacob Kershner became a U.S. citizen.
• Anarchist movement following the Chicago
  Haymarket Riot in 1886.
• 7 German immigrant Anarchists executed.
• Moves to New York City divorces husband.

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Assassination of President McKinley
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Activism and Arrests

• Imprisoned in 1893 for inciting riots
• Ask for work. If they do not give you work, ask
  for bread. If they do not give you work or bread,
  take bread.
• 1901 for conspiracy to assassinate President
  McKinley.
• Leon Czolgosz, Polish immigrant.
• 1911 for distributing birth control.
• 1917 for conspiring to obstruct the draft.
• 1919, Palmer Raids, deported to Russia

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One of Goldmans many police mugshots.
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RIGHT 1901 Chicago Tribune article after
attempted assassination of President McKinley.
Goldman at Union Square, New York, 1906.
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Writings

• Anarchism Other Essays (1911)
• My Disillusionment with Russia (1923)
• My Further Disillusionment with Russia (1924)
• Living My Life (1931)
• Essays in various publications.

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Organization and Protest

• Great Railroad Strike of 1877
• Major Unions
• Knights of Labor
• American Federation of Labor
• Haymarket Riot of 1886
• Rural Organization
• The Grange and Farmers Alliance
• Populist Party (more later)

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Haymarket Riot, Chicago
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Labor Wars

• Homestead Lockout
• Cripple Creek Miners Strike of 1894
• The Pullman Strike
• The Jungle (1906)
• Fulton Bag and Cotton Mill Strike of 1912-13