Sustainability

1
Sustainability

• Fayetteville, Belize, and beyond

2
Sustainability

• environmentally friendly
• preserving resources
• in international development
• appropriate technology
• with environmental preservation
• in Belize
• preserving nature
• biodiversity

3
Sustainability

• in business
• efficiency
• cost reduction
• reduction of resource consumption
• social and quality of life issues
• life cycle thinking
• environmentally benign
• a business plan
• in engineering
• Low Impact Development (LID)
• green building
• water management
• energy efficiency
• in agriculture
• sustainability
• natural, organic?

4
Sustainability is

• a BIG deal at
• The University of Arkansas
• TODAY 3 PM (next slide)
• http//sustainability.uark.edu/
• City of Fayetteville
• Academia and Industry
• Wal-Mart
• International development
• Local to federal development regulations

5
Sustainability In Action

• Three global business experts will talk about
  their sustainability projects
• Thursday, April 19, 3 p.m.
• Donald W. Reynolds Center for Enterprise
  Development
• Vijay Sharma, business head of Project Shakit,
  Hindustan Lever Inc.
• will discuss how business objectives and social
  development objectives can be aligned and how
  innovation in business processes can help achieve
  a sustainable way to do the same.
• Jack Linard, scientific and regulatory affairs,
  Research and Development, Unilever,
• will address Unilever and sustainable
  agriculture growing for the future.
• David Pendlington, sustainable agriculture
  coordinator, Unilever, Rotterdam, Netherlands,
• will address formulation and packaging issues for
  Unilever globally. He provides support, guidance
  and facilitation to all of Unilever's global
  sustainable activities.

6
Sustainable Development History

• the term sustainable development from
• World Commission on Environment and Development
  (WCED)
• in its 1987 report Our Common Future
• also known as the Brundtland Commission report.
• WCED, which included 23 members from 22
  countries, was formed by the United Nations to
  study the conflicts between growing global
  environmental problems and the needs of
  less-developed nations.
• WCEDs widely used definition of sustainable
  development is
• Meeting the needs of the present without
  compromising the ability of future generations to
  meet their own needs.

7
Developing Countries Sustainability and
Appropriate Technology

• Appropriate technology
• culturally, economically, and technically
  appropriate
• Sustainability
• sustainability is broader but includes much of
  what we used to call appropriate tech

8
5 Factors of Sustainability

• as applied to Water and Sanitation Development
  Projects
• Five factors (McConville, 2006)
• Socio-cultural Respect
• Community participation
• Political cohesion
• Economic sustainability
• Environmental sustainability
• McConville, J.R. 2006, Applying Life Cycle
  Thinking to International Water and Sanitation
  Development Projects An assessment tool for
  project managers in sustainable development
  work, Michigan Tech, Environmental Engineering
  MS Report.

9
Service Learning in Engineering and Science for
Sustainable Development

• Joshua M. Pearce
• For the future, the entire world population needs
  ways to achieve economic, social, and
  environmental objectives simultaneously.
• How do we engineer our future development so that
  all people have basic human needs met and a
  clean, healthy and safe world in which to grow
  and prosper?
• This is the challenge of sustainable development.
• Appropriate technologies must be able to be
  easily and economically constructed from readily
  available materials by local craftspeople.
  Appropriate technologies must meet environmental,
  cultural, economic, and educational resource
  constraints of the localized community.
• (promote service learning) to help harness the
  knowledge and skills of our university students
  to assist their own learning while helping global
  sustainable development.

10

• To an engineer, a sustainable system is
• in equilibrium, or changes at a tolerable rate.
• illustrated by natural ecosystems, which consist
  of nearly closed loops that change slowly.

11

• The roles of engineers in sustainable development
  can be illustrated by a closed-loop human
  ecosystem that mimics natural systems.
• This model of a closed-loop ecosystem was first
  proposed in 1990, as shown below

12
Wal-Mart sustainability

• http//walmartstores.com
• http//walmartstores.com/microsite/walmart_sustain
  ability.html
• go to website to see slides
• see also http//walmartfacts.com

13
Wal-Mart Experimental Stores

• Aurora, Colorado
• recycled airport runway concrete
• used motor oil and deli oil burned for heat
• solar and wind power
• porous pavements
• radiant floor heating (outside)
• tall grass prairie on site
• McKinney, TX
• renewable or reused materials
• rainwater storage and reuse
• low-volume irrigation
• more natural stormwater management

14
Wal-Mart Experimental Stores

• Chicago
• green (planted) roof
• Rogers, AR
• LED lighting
• motion activated lighting
• Fayetteville, AR Sams
• roof rainwater collection and reuse
• constructed wetlands
• efficient heating and cooling

15
Water
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
Water Use
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
Sustainability

• in business
• efficiency
• cost reduction
• reduction of resource consumption
• social and quality of life issues
• life cycle thinking
• environmentally benign
• a business plan
• in engineering
• Low Impact Development (LID)
• green building
• water management
• energy efficiency
• in agriculture
• sustainability
• natural, organic?

26
Developing Countries Sustainability and
Appropriate Technology

• Appropriate technology
• culturally, economically, and technically
  appropriate
• Sustainability
• sustainability is broader but includes much of
  what we used to call appropriate tech
• Five factors (McConville, 2006)
• Socio-cultural Respect
• Community participation
• Political cohesion
• Economic sustainability
• Environmental sustainability
• McConville, J.R. 2006, Applying Life Cycle
  Thinking to International Water and Sanitation
  Development Projects An assessment tool for
  project managers in sustainable development
  work, Michigan Tech, Environmental Engineering
  MS Report.

27
Belize Sustainable Development

• Sustainability of
• environment and biodiversity
• Belize Audubon Society
• barrier reef
• forestry
• energy
• solid waste
• water resources

28
Belize Sustainable Development

• Ministry of Natural Resource and the Environment
• Towards a National Protected Area Systems Plan
  for Belize (NARMAP)
• National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
• Land Management program
• NSDC National Sustainable Development Council
• National Poverty and Elimination Strategy and
  Action Plan (by GOB)

29
NSDC National Sustainable Development Council

• Definition
• Sustainable Development is a process that
  pursues progressive change in the quality of
  human life
• It is achieved through economic growth with
  social equity and changes in production and
  consumption patterns, based on ecological
  equilibrium and the support of the region.
• This implies respect for regional, national and
  local ethnic and cultural diversity, and the
  enhanced and full participation of all citizens,
  living together in peace and harmony with nature,
  not jeopardizing but rather guaranteeing the
  quality of life of future generations.
• Tasks, goals
• A public education strategy and program on the
  concept of sustainable development and its
  national, regional and international
  considerations
• A National Policy on Sustainable Development
• Develop the mechanisms and evaluate the progress
  made towards achieving sustainable development.

30
Other sustainability programs in Belize

• Sustainable Use and Conservation of the Belize
  Barrier Reef Complex
• Meso American Barrier Reef System
• Regional Fisheries Mechanism
• Central American Alliance for Sustainable
  Development
• Various energy programs
• solar and wind sustainable energy practices
• hydrolectric reduce dependency on petroleum
• Organization of American States (OAS)
  Sustainable Human Development Project
• Integrated Water Resources Management
• National Solid Waste Management Project
• Sustainable Tourism

31
Climate Change programs

• Central American Regional Project on Forestry and
  Climate Change
• Belize is host country of the Caribbean Community
  Climate Change Centre (CCCCC)
• Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change
  Programme
• Belize signed and joined stuff

32
National Solid Waste Management Project

• Options
• Design and construction of a Central Sanitary
  Landfill to accommodate the entire Western
  Highway Corridor
• Establishment of Transfer Stations at Cayes,
  Belize City and Western Landfill
• Barging of wastes from Cayes and then trucking it
  to the Sanitary Landfill
• Upgrading of existing sites in Orange Walk and
  Corozal
• Construction of three new sites in South
  (Dangriga, Placencia and Punta Gorda) which will
  be a landfill type operation (including those of
  the north) and
• Development of a rural collection system for
  rural and small communities.

33
Belize Eco-Tourism Association

• Code of ethics
• To support economic and social sustainability by
  encouraging small scale tourist developments,
  providing employment of local people, purchasing
  products made locally from sustainable resources
  and providing guidance to all guests to be
  environmentally and culturally responsible
• To provide education in Belizean geography,
  customs and culture, creating opportunities for
  cultural, historical, environmental, and
  archaeological learning for visitors to Belize
• To maintain and conserve the flora and fauna
  habits in Belize by providing appropriate
  information to visitors, teaching them to avoid
  disturbing wildlife and flora, discouraging the
  sale of products or species on the endangered
  species list, helping to implement carrying
  capacities, and preventing the introduction of
  non-indigenous species
• To promote the sustainability of all resources,
  both renewable and nonrenewable conserving water
  and energy, and increasing awareness of the need
  for energy and water conservation

34
UNDP quotes

• Belize will need to increase community
  participation in environmental management
  initiatives as one of the main strategies for
  reversing loss of resources.
• This should entail sharing the responsibilities
  and authority with local governments, community
  based organizations, private sector and
  vulnerable groups in the monitoring of the
  countrys resources.
• Currently, a significant portion of monitoring
  and sustainability initiatives are driven by
  external funding and technical support.
• Belize will have to invest more of its own
  resources to ensure long term sustainability of
  many of the initiatives and to improve its
  prospects for achieving MDG 7 for environmental
  sustainability.

35
UNDP project Toledo Institute for Development
and Environment (TIDE)

• promotes sustainable income generation and
  biodiversity conservation
• works with Maya Mountain Marine Sustainable
  Livelihoods Initiative
• certify fly-fishing guides
• ECO-OK timber certification
• micro-enterprise
• ecotourism training
• natural resource management and community
  monitoring
• reduce poaching, illegal hunting and logging

36
statement by Stuart Leslie, Belize UN Ambassador,
2004 - 2005

• on behalf of the member States of the Caribbean
  Community (CARICOM),
• need an integrated approach to the management of
  water, sanitation and human settlements. 
• major urban centres with industrial and
  commercial activity were located principally in
  coastal zones. 
• Tourism development was also concentrated in
  coastal areas. 
• That had increased rural to urban migration along
  coastlines.  
• The vulnerability of urban coasts exacerbated by
  population growth. 
• urban expansion implied unplanned spread beyond
  the urban fence onto lands important for
  agriculture or watershed protection. 
• Unplanned, informal settlements in the
  hinterlands, populated mainly by the poor,
  invariably lacked the requisite sanitation
  infrastructure, and improper disposal of waste
  had inevitably led to pollution of the water
  table, further limiting the freshwater supply. 
• For CARICOM, the inability to provide adequate
  sanitation services had often resulted in
  increased pollution of the coastal waters, as
  well, which were vital to the economic viability
  of the islands.
• To pursue effective management, must have a
  comprehensive strategy to address the needs of
  the poor, both urban and rural. 
• More attention should also be given to programmes
  for housing the poor.
• national recycling initiatives had been hampered
  by financial constraints. 
• need training programmes in water resources
  management. 
• Investment in appropriate technology for water
  resources management. 
• Continued attention must also be given to
  national policies for freshwater and waste
  management

37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
(No Transcript)
42
Questions?