Animal Bauplan Symmetry and complexity

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Animal BauplanSymmetry and complexity

• Chapter 3 Animal Architecture

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What is a Bauplan?
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What is a Bauplan?

• Bauplan is a German word meaning building plan or
  blueprint.

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What is a Bauplan?

• Bauplan is a German word meaning building plan or
  blueprint.
• It is used by biologists to refer to the overall
  and consistent structure of a group of organisms.

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What is a Bauplan?

• Bauplan is a German word meaning building plan or
  blueprint.
• It is used by biologists to refer to the overall
  and consistent structure of a group of organisms.
• The animal bauplan
• The Annelid bauplan, etc.

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Architectural Pattern in Animals
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Crustacea
Arachnida
Vertebrata
Tunicata
Insecta
Chordata
Arthropoda
Hemi- chordata
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Pseudocoelomates
Coelomates
Triploblasts Diploblasts
Acoelomates
Bilateria
Radiata
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Eumetazoa
Mesozoa
Parazoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
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Body Plans

• As most kingdoms, animals are divided into groups
  based on body architecture.
• I. Grades of Complexity
• II. Major Body Types
• III. Symmetry
• IV. Cleavage

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ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM
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I. Grades of Complexity

• Protoplasmic all functions take place in single
  cells, or each cell (if colonial)
• --Protists have this grade of complexity

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CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM
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I. Grades of Complexity

• Protoplasmic all functions take place in single
  cells, or each cell (if colonial)
• --Protists have this grade of complexity
• Cellular there is division of labor among cells,
  but no segregation of cells that perform the
  functions

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I. Grades of Complexity

• Protoplasmic all functions take place in single
  cells, or each cell (if colonial)
• --Protists have this grade of complexity
• Cellular there is division of labor among cells,
  but no segregation of cells that perform the
  functions
• Tissue specialized cells segregate organ, or
  organ-system there is segregation of tissues

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Crustacea
Arachnida
Vertebrata
Tunicata
Insecta
Chordata
Arthropoda
Hemi- chordata
TISSUE
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Pseudocoelomates
Coelomates
Triploblasts Diploblasts
Acoelomates
Bilateria
Radiata
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Eumetazoa
CELLULAR
Parazoa
Mesozoa
Metazoa
PROTOPLASMIC
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
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II. Major Body Types

1. Cell aggregate
2. Blind sac
3. Tube-in-tube

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Ephydatia fluviatilis
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Cell Aggregate

• There is no gut, energy absorption throughout
• No germ layers, no true tissues or organs.

Example sponges (Phylum Porifera)
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Sac-like Body Plan
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Sac-like Body Plan

• Has only one opening for both food intake and
  waste removal.

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Sac-like Body Plan

• Has only one opening for both food intake and
  waste removal.
• Sac-like body plan animals do not have tissue
  specialization or development of organs.

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Example sea anemones (Phylum Cnidaria)
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Tube-within-a-tube
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Tube-within-a-tube

• Two openings one for food to enter the body
  (mouth), one for wastes to leave the body (anus).

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Tube-within-a-tube

• Two openings one for food to enter the body
  (mouth), one for wastes to leave the body (anus).
• The tube-within-a-tube plan allows specialization
  of parts along the tube

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Tube-within-a-tube

• Two openings one for food to enter the body
  (mouth), one for wastes to leave the body (anus).
• The tube-within-a-tube plan allows specialization
  of parts along the tube
• Animals with the tube-within-a-tube plan are
  10 more efficient at digesting and absorbing
  their food than animals with the sac-like body
  plan.

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Example round worm (Phylum Nematoda)
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Crustacea
Arachnida
Vertebrata
Tunicata
Insecta
Chordata
Arthropoda
Hemi- chordata
TUBE IN TUBE
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Pseudocoelomates
Coelomates
Triploblasts Diploblasts
Acoelomates
BLIND SAC
Bilateria
Radiata
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Eumetazoa
CELL AGGREGATE
Parazoa
Mesozoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
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III. Symmetry
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III. Symmetry

• Asymmetrical animals no general body plan or
  axis of symmetry

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III. Symmetry

• Spherical symmetry round or any plane passing
  through the center divides the body into
  equivalent or, mirrored, halves.

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III. Symmetry

• Radial symmetry body parts organized about a
  center axis and tend to be cylindrical in shape.

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III. Symmetry

• Bilateral symmetry a single plain of symmetry
  that produces mirror halves.

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III. Symmetry
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III. Symmetry
Planes of symmetry
None Many Many
One
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Crustacea
Arachnida
Vertebrata
Tunicata
Insecta
Chordata
Arthropoda
Hemi- chordata
BILATERAL
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Pseudocoelomates
Coelomates
Triploblasts Diploblasts
Acoelomates
Bilateria
Radiata
RADIAL
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Eumetazoa
Parazoa
Mesozoa
ASYMMETRICAL
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
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Question 1.

• What type of symmetry does this organism have?
• Asymmetrical
• Spherical
• Radial
• Bilateral

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IV. Cleavage
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IV. Cleavage

• Cleavage is the initial process of development
  after fertilization of the egg.

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Radial Cleavage planes are symmetrical to the
polar axisProduces regulative development
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Spiral Cleavage cleavage planes are oblique to
the polar axisProduces mosaic development
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Regulative and mosaic cleavage
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Crustacea
Arachnida
Vertebrata
Tunicata
Insecta
Chordata
Arthropoda
Hemi- chordata
Radial
Spiral
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Protostomes
Deuterostomes
Pseudocoelomates
Coelomates
Triploblasts Diploblasts
Acoelomates
Bilateria
Radiata
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Eumetazoa
Parazoa
Mesozoa
Metazoa
Protozoa
Monera (Bacteria)
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Development in Eucoelomates
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The Big Picture

• Bauplan define animals and the groups within
  animals

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The Big Picture

• Bauplan define animals and the groups within
  animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based on

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The Big Picture

• Bauplan define animals and the groups within
  animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based on
• Grades of Complexity

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The Big Picture

• Bauplan define animals and the groups within
  animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based on
• Grades of Complexity
• Major body types

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The Big Picture

• Bauplan define animals and the groups within
  animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based on
• Grades of Complexity
• Major body types
• Symmetry

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The Big Picture

• Bauplan define animals and the groups within
  animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based on
• Grades of Complexity
• Major body types
• Symmetry
• Cleavage

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The Big Picture

• Bauplan define animals and the groups within
  animals
• Animals can be divided into groups based on
• Grades of Complexity
• Major body types
• Symmetry
• Cleavage
• Thus, for every animal group, you should be able
  to know these characteristics.