Pollution

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Pollution
Definition The introduction into the
environment, by people, of substances or energy
liable to cause harm to living creatures or
ecological systems.
SOURCE CNN
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Pollution
How did pollution begin?

• More sophisticated lifestyles.
• Growing needs of people.
• Accelerated rates of human and economic
• activities.

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Pollution
Pollution
Air
Water
Land
Noise Pollution production of
unwanted sounds that are annoying, distracting
or damaging to ones hearing.
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Air Pollution
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What is air pollution?

• contamination of the air by noxious gases and
  minute particles of solid and liquid matter
  (particulates) in concentrations that have
  undesirable effect on living being.

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• Modernization and progress have led to air
  getting more and more polluted over the years.
  Industries, vehicles, increase in the population,
  and urbanization are some of the major factors
  responsible for air pollution. The following
  industries are among those that emit a great deal
  of pollutants into the air thermal power plants,
  cement, steel, refineries, petro-chemicals, and
  mines.

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PRIMARY AND SECONDARY POLLUTANT

• PRIMARY POLLUTAN
• Those emitted directly into air
• SECONDARY POLLUTANT
• produced through reactions between primary
  pollutants and natural atmospheric compound

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Pollutants of air Particulate pollutants
- are solids or liquids with size lt 100
microns that remain suspended in the
atmosphere. Dust Fumes Smoke Mist
Fog Bacteria Gaseous - Toxic and
poisonous e.g. CO, chlorine, NH3, H2S, SO2,
NO2, CO2.
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Major PollutantsOzone Transient
damage Permanent damage -accelerated aging
of the lung Carbon monoxide - heart disease
- lung diseases - central nervous
system ? response to external stimuli
(symptoms similar of flu) - Normal
individual during strenuous work
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Sources of Outside Air Pollution

• Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon
  fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes
• Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur
  bones)
• Insecticides
• Herbicides
• Everyday radioactive fallouts
• Dust from fertilizers
• Mining operations,Livestock feedlots
• Festives like diwali

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Sources of Indoor pollution

• Efficient insulation
• Bacteria
• Molds and mildews
• Viruses
• animal dander and cat saliva
• plants
• house dust
• Mites
• Cockroaches
• pollen

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Air PollutionHow Grievous? ?
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Around 30-40 of cases of asthma and 20-30 of
all respiratory diseases may be linked to air
pollution
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- increased acute respiratory diseases - lowered
lung function in children - increased sickness
rates - increases in mortality
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Effects on the environment

• Acid rain
• Ozone depletion
• Global warming
• In human population- respiratory problems,
  allergies, strengthens lugs, and a risk for
  cancer

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Acid rain

• contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids
• contaminate drinking water and vegetation
• damage aquatic life
• erode buildings
• Alters the chemical equilibrium of some soils

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Howstuffworks.com
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Were pretty well off, dont you think?
UNOs report on global pollution
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Control of air pollution
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Society

• Industries
• Legislation
• guidelines for siting of industries
• emission standards for industries
• development of pollution prevention technologies
• Vehicular pollution
• stringent emission norms
• cleaner fuel quality

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And so..

• "WHO would like to provide its 191 Member States
  with irrefutable evidence that air pollution
  causes disproportionately heavy burden of
  disease" Dr Michael Repacholi WHO
  Coordinator, Occupational and Environmental
  Health

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Laws

• Various laws has been established to curb the
  menace of air pollution
• - Policy statement for Abatement of
  Pollution, 1992.
• - National Conservation Strategy Policy
  statement on environment development,1992.
• -Air (Prevention control of
  pollution)Act, 1981
• -Air (Prevention control of pollution )
  Act,1981

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Laws continued.

• -The government is trying to
• remove the use of leaded petrol,
• a major cause of air pollution.
• - the industrial acts are
• implemented to control the
• harmful emission of gases.
• - the natural management team is is
  hardcore work to minimise the effect of various
  natural disaster like forest fire, volcanic
  erruption that are causes of airr pollution.

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Strategies

• Air Quality Management Plan
• Development of new technology- electric cars,
  cleaner fuels, low nitrogen oxide boilers and
  water healers, zero polluting paints, less
  polluting BBQ lighter fluids
• Use of natural gas
• Carpooling
• Follow the laws enacted

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Recipe for Pollution Success!

• Please do not carpool the more cars on the
  roads, the better (whod want to save gas and
  money anyway?)
• Do not have regular smog checks for your car
• Message to factories do not filter your smoke
  stacks- we love the sight of smoke billowing in
  the sky
• Do not recycle!
• Remember this can be done anywhere. Pollution is
  not limited to where you live. Whatever you do
  affects everything

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What is noise pollution?Any unwanted sound that
penetrates the environment is noise pollution.In
general noise pollution refers to any noise
irritating to one's ear which comes from an
external source.
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Sources of noise pollution

• Street traffic
• Rail roads
• Airplanes
• Constructions
• Consumer products9

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Level of tolerance

• Normal level of tolerance is 80dbA.
• Sound level below and above this is considered to
  be as noise pollution.

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Effects of noise pollution

• There are about 25000 hair cells in our ear which
  create wave in our ear, responding to different
  levels of frequencies.
• With increasing levels of sound the cells get
  destroyed decreasing our ability to hear the high
  frequency sound.

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Be cautious from today

• Irreversible hearing loss.
• Blood pressure rise of 5 to 10 mmHg on 8 hrs of
  exposure to even 70 db of sound level.
• Hearing loss begins at 80- 90 dbA. 140 dbA is
  painful and 180 dbA can even kill a person.
• Amplified rock music is 120 dbA.
• Most of the electronic vehicles and motors are
  above 80 dbA level.
• High noise levels may interfere with the natural
  cycles of animals, including feeding behavior,
  breeding rituals and migration paths.

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Symptoms of occupational hearing loss

• Feeling of fullness in the ear.
• Sounds may seem muffled.
• Cannot hear high frequency sounds.
• Ringing in the ears while listening to the high
  frequency sounds.
• Loud noise for a long period of time, or sudden
  burst of sound can cause occupational hearing
  loss.
• Hearing that does not return after an acute noise
  injury is called a permanent threshold shift.

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Actions taken and to be taken

• There are a variety of effective strategies for
  mitigating adverse sound levels
• use of noise barriers.
• limitation of vehicle speeds
• alteration of roadway surface texture.
• limitation of heavy duty vehicles
• use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow
  to reduce braking and acceleration, innovative
  tire design and other

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Legistation

• Noise Regulation Rules under the Environment
  (Protection) Act of 1986.
• Features
• Industrial- 75db
• Commercial- 65 db
• Residential zones- 55 db
• Zones of silence
• No public address system after 1000 pm and
  before 0600 am.

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What can I do to make a difference??

• Persuade
• Taking the help of police.
• Observe car free day on 22nd of September.
• Creating awareness about the ill effects of noise
  pollution.
• Promising oneself not to be the part of pollution
  creator.

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References-

• www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/air
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
• www.controlairpollution.com
• Environmental studies by R. Rajgopalan
• www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/airpollution

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THANK YOU

• Prakash Kumar Jha (29)
• Praveen Kumar (31)
• Ram Krushna Panda (35)
• Ranjan Mishra (36)