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SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 2 Ukhti Diwi Abbas * Takeaways? * 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) * * Topik Tokoh-Tokoh pada zaman kegemilangan Islam Imam Ghazali * Imam Ghazali ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 2


1
SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM 2
  • Ukhti Diwi Abbas

2
Topik
  • Tokoh-Tokoh pada zaman
  • kegemilangan Islam
  • Imam Ghazali

3
Imam Ghazali
  • Knowledge without work is insanity, and work
    without knowledge is vanity

4
Imam Ghazali
  • Ilmu tanpa amal adalah perkara yang tak masuk
    akal, amal tanpa ilmu adalah kesombongan

5
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6
Early Education
  • Studied Quran from his own father
  • Upon his fathers death, his fathers friend a
    great Sufi, Ahmad Bin Muhammad ar-Razikani
    took care of Imam Ghazali and his brother Ahmad
  • Travelled to Jurjan Nishapur to study under
    great scholars (e.g. Imam al-Haramain al-Juwaini)

7
3 Stages of His Life
  • Stage 1
  • 28 years old was appointed as a court jurist of
    Nizam ul-Mulk
  • Appointed as a Professor at Nizamiyah College
    (Baghdad)
  • Stage 2
  • 38 years old (in 1095)
  • underwent a 6-month long spiritual crisis and
    went into seclusion and lived as a sufi
  • started to work on Ihya Ulumuddin

8
3 Stages of His Life
  • Stage 3
  • In 1104 - after 10 years of absence, he went back
    to teaching at Nizamiya College at Nishapur
  • 1109 he left Nishapur to return to Tus to
    continue to leave as a sufi
  • Built a Khanqah (Sufi hermitage) and teach there
    until his death

9
Pedagogi Imam Ghazali
  • Tugas utama guru ibu bapa membentuk akhlak
    intelek anak.
  • Menyusu dari wanita yang alim
  • Anak meniru akhlak ibu bapa guru
  • Anak meniru persekitaran sosial dan fizikal yang
    positif
  • Gunakan sistem hadiah denda (secara lembut
    tidak di mata awam)
  • Quran, hadis dan cerita mengenai alim ulama.
    Senaman di luar masa sekolah.
  • Diajar menghormati guru, ibu bapa dan orang
    dewasa keberanian bercakap benar menghormati
    kawan merendah diri murah hati.
  • Akhlak yang mulia intelek ghadab syahwa di
    tahap yang seimbang.

10
Imam Ghazalis Pedagogy
  • The first and foremost aim of learning is the
    study of the divine.
  • Students to attain the gem, that is, the
    knowledge of the hereafter, for the noblest of
    all disciplines is the one of knowing God.
  • Seek, therefore, nothing else and treasure
    nothing besides it.

11
Imam Ghazalis Pedagogy
  • He considers the heart of the child as being in
    particular need of special care and attention.
  • the heart of a child is a precious jewel,
    neutral, free of all impressions, susceptible to
    every impression and every inclination to which
    it is brought near.

12
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • The student must first purify his soul by ridding
    himself of bad habits and other unpleasant
    character flaws. to become a worthy vessel for
    knowledge.

???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????
Verily knowledge is light (which Allah s.w.t.)
into the heart. (Saying of Ibnu Masud r.a.)
13
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • The student must remove himself as far as
    possible from his ties to the affairs of the
    world as they pull him away from fully focusing
    on knowledge.
  • Knowledge will surrender nothing to a person
    unless the person surrenders his all to it.

???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???
???????????
Allah has not made for any man two hearts in his
(one) body (Q Ahzab 33 4)
14
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • 3. The student must not set himself above his
    teacher and should accept whatever his teacher
    teaches him. He should embrace all of his advice
    and trust his guidance implicitly The pupil is
    to be to his teacher like the soft soil which
    has received heavy rains and completely absorbed
    them.

15
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • 4) The student must ignore the contradictory
    opinions of others in his chosen field and
    concentrate on mastering the one and only
    praiseworthy way given by his teacher. Only then
    may he consider other schools of thought.

16
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • 5) The serious student must ensure that the
    nature and scope of all branches of knowledge
    become familiar to him, because all types of
    knowledge are linked and related to each other.
    If time permits, all of them should be studied in
    detail if not, then mastering the most important
    is imperative.

17
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • 6) The student, however, must not attempt to
    study everything at once. Rather, he should order
    his study, beginning with the most important
    disciplines.
  • 7) The student must not study a new branch of
    knowledge until the previous has been mastered,
    because each new bit of knowledge builds on the
    foundation of the previous one

18
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • 8) The student must know how to judge the noble
    nature of a science. This is a twofold judgment
    one entails being able to appraise the fruit of
    the science and the other is to be able to assess
    the validity of its principles

19
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • 9) The students immediate purpose should be the
    attainment of inner virtue, and his ultimate goal
    should be to draw close to God and achieve
    spiritual perfection rather than to gain
    authority and to look impressive in front of his
    peers.

20
Rules of Conduct for Students
Purpose of learning is for the adornment of inner
self with virtues seeking nearness to Allah
(Taqarrub-il-lAllaah) and attainment of piety
(Taqwa).
????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????
Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of
Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of
you. (Quran Hujurat 49 13)
20
21
???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????
???????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????
?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????
?????????? ????????
Whoever seeks knowledge (intending) to argue
with the learned (scholars), or to brag with the
foolish or with it to attract peoples
attention to himself Allah will make him to
enter the Hell-fire. (Hadith also reported by
Tirmidzi and Ibn Majah)
22
Rules of Conduct for Students
  • 10) Finally, the student is to have a clear idea
    of the relation of the different sciences to the
    goal of learning. This will enable him to give
    correct weight to those matters that he
    encounters rather than to judge the less
    important to be the more important and vice versa.

23
Two Categories of Practical Sciences
  • Fardhu Ain
  • Concepts which one personally needs to do or know
    to conduct ones life
  • Fardhu Kifayah
  • Concepts concerning ones involvement in the
    communituy as a whole (e.g. doing medicine)

24
Teachers Role
  • The teacher should be sympathetic to his students
    and treat them as his own children
  • The teacher should follow the example of the
    Prophet and teach for free. He should not seek
    praise or payment for his services but should
    teach solely for the glory of God.

25
Teachers Role
  • 3) The teacher is obliged to ensure that each of
    his students works at the correct level for
    himself. He is to do this by supplying them with
    the necessary information they require to succeed
    and not allowing them to attempt to move to the
    next, more difficult level until they have
    mastered the simpler one that precedes it. On a
    different note, he should also tell the student
    that the reason he is learning is to get closer
    to God and not for any worldly gain.

26
Teachers Role
  • 4) The teacher must persuade his students to give
    up bad habits by subtle suggestion and compassion
    rather than by doing it openly and reproachfully.
    Direct attempts to dissuade people from following
    a bad course often lead to their open defiance.

27
Teachers Role
  • 5) The teacher must not say anything derogatory
    about sciences other than those he is teaching
    but, rather, use his own subject to prepare his
    students for learning other branches of knowledge
    later on.

28
Teachers Role
  • 6) The teacher must ensure that the materials he
    provides for the students study and tests are
    not too difficult for them student success is
    important, for it ensures that the student
    continues to enjoy learning.

29
Teachers Role
  • 7) With regard to students who are having
    difficulties learning, as al- Ghazali states
    firmly, the teacher must ensure that only things
    clear and suitable to their limited
    understanding should be taught to them.
    Additionally, the details or specifics that are
    not common should not be presented to them so as
    not to confuse and discourage them.

30
Teachers Role
  • 8) The teacher must practice and live what he
    knows and teaches, and not allow his work or
    behavior to contradict his words.

31
4 ways to modify ones behaviour
  • One should seek a spiritual guide
  • One should seek good friends
  • One should take advantage of ones enemies by
    listening to what they say about him because
    theyll describe his weaknesses
  • One should socialise with different people in
    society and pay attention to good manners

32
Modifying Behaviour
  • Example If a person is miserly, the remedy
    would be to recommend that the person make
    frequent charitable donations

33
Resources
  • Ghazali Darusalam. (2001). Pedagogi Pendidikan
    Islam. Kuala Lumpur Utusan Publications
    Distributors.
  • Gunther, Sebastian. (2006). Be Masters in That
    You Teach and Continue to Learn Medieval Muslim
    Thinkers on Educational Theory. Comparative
    Education Review Vol 50 (3) 367-388.
  • Zaghbul Morsy. (1997). Thinkers on Education
    Volume 2. Switzerland UNESCO Publishing.
  • Nabih Amin Faris. (2002). Imam Ghazalis The Book
    of Knowledge. New Delhi Islamic Book Service.
  • Ihya Ulumuddin.
  • Majid Fakhry. (1991). Ethical Theories in Islam.
    Leiden E.J. Brill.

34
Takeaways?
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
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