OVERVIEW OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

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OVERVIEW OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

• Dr. Ardini S Raksanagara,dr.,MPH
• Sri Yusnita Irda Sari, dr., MSc
• Public Health Department
• Faculty of Medicine

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COURSE Occupational Health
NUMBER OF CREDIT 2 SCU ALLOCATED TIME 14
sessions x 50 minutes SEMESTER IV COURSE
DECRIPTION The subject covers basic concept of
occupational health. This course will cover
learning subjects Occupational Health e.g.
Introduction to Occupational Health, Workplace
Hazard and Occupational Diseases.
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GENERAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• This course in occupational health is designed to
  develop an
• awareness and understanding of concept in
  occupational health
• area.
• After completing this course the students will
  able to
• Identify some problems in occupational health
  area
• understand some diseases related to the
  occupational environment
• underline occupational health problems in the
  future
• recognize some prevention methods in occupational
  health problems
• understand some risk factors related to the
  occupational health problems
• practice evaluation in occupational health area

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• METHOD mini lecture
• MEDIA multimedia
• FORMAT OF THE COURSE
• The course of Occupational Health is presented in
  14 sessions.
• There are required readings for each session and
  it might be useful to read it before beginning
  the course.

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• Assessment
• Assessment is to be as follows
• Mid Semester Examination (30)
• Final Examination (30 )
• Comprehensive Test (40)

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Required and Recommended readings

1. Sumamur, Higene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja,
   CV Haji Masagung, Jakarta, 1994
2. Levy Wegman, Occupational Health, Recognizing
   and Preventing Work Related Disease. Third
   Edition. Little Broan and Company, Boston /
   NewYork/Toronto/London,2006
3. Joseph LaDou, Occupational Environmental
   Medicine, Third Edition, Lange, USA,2004
4. Rosenstock, Textbook of Clinical Occupational and
   Environmental Medicine, Second Edition, Saunders,
   2005,
5. Depkes RI Pedoman Pengendalian Nosokomial di
   Rumah Sakit,2001
6. Bennet,Brachman ed., Hospital Infections,Little
   Brown,1992
7. WHO, Practical guidelines for infection control
   in health care facilities, 2003

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1. Danggur Kondarus, Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja,
   Litbang Danggur Partners, 2006,
2. Prüss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P, eds. Safe
   Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities.
   Geneva World Health Organization, 1999.
3. WHO,Pruss,Giroult,Rushbrook, ed., Safe Management
   of wastes from health-car activities, Geneva,
   1999,
4. Health care waste and its safe management
   http//www.healthcarewaste
5. Harrington, Occupational Heath , Pocket
   Consultant, Blackwell Scientific
   Publications,1987
6. Related website

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SUBJECT OUTLINE

• The major goals are learning and understanding
  the occupational health concepts
• This course is designed to introduce the
  scientific basis of occupational health,
  especially the relevant principles and concepts
  of workplace hazards, toxicology and ergonomics.
• The nature of common occupational health hazards
  and their effect upon the human body are
  examined. Examples of common protective measures
  and controls are also reviewed.

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The course will involve a 14 sessions of teaching
Session Topic
1 2 Overview of Occupational Health Workplace Hazards
¾ Physical and Chemical Hazards at the Workplace
5/6 Biological and Psychosocial Hazards at the Workplace
7/8 Ergonomics Accident
9/10 Hospital waste and Health care facilities based infections
11/12 Occupational Health, Occupational diseases and occupational related diseases
13/14 Regulation and Control in occupational health and safety. Applying Occupational health and safety in several occupational environment and aspect
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Topic 1.1 Overview of Occupational health

• Occupational Health,
• Occupational Medicine,
• Occupational Hygiene

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SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• The student will be able
• to understand and describe Occupational health
  problems (C2)

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References

• Levy Wegman, Occupational Health, Recognizing
  and Preventing Work Related Disease. Third
  Edition. Little Broan and Company, Boston /
  NewYork/Toronto/London,2006. Chapter 1
• Rosenstock, Textbook of Clinical Occupational and
  Environmental Medicine, Second Edition, Saunders,
  2005. Chapter 1,2, 11

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• Workers of today go to their jobs confident that
  they will return safely, and in good health.

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• While hazards may be encountered on the job, for
  the most part these risks have been controlled.

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Introduction

• WHO
• Workplace fatalities, injuries and illnesses
  remain at unacceptably high levels and involve an
  enormous and unnecessary health burden,
  suffering, and economic loss amounting to 45 of
  GDP.
• According to the latest ILO estimates for the
  year 2000 there are 2.0 million work-related
  deaths per year.
• WHO estimates that there are only 10-15 of
  workers who have access to a basic standard of
  occupational health services.
• A recent study in the United States estimated
  that there are 60,300 job-related deaths caused
  by disease.

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Who is Responsible ?

• The legal responsibility for identifying and
  correcting health and safety hazards rests on the
  shoulders of the workplace parties
  (employers, contractors, owners,
  workers, supervisors, self-employers
  persons, owners and suppliers).

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• Physicians who are employed by management, worker
  and community right to know about occupational
  and environmental hazards

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DEFINI TION

• Occupational Medicine
• -a branch of medicine concerned with the
  prevention and treatment of occupational diseases
•  
• - is primarily a branch of preventive medicine,
  with some therapeutic functions

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The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993, and
Regulations require everyone in the workplace to
work together to identify and control health and
safety hazards.
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Occupational health

• Is the multidisciplinary approach to the
  recognition, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
  and control of disease, injuries, and adverse
  health condition resulting from hazardous
  environmental exposures in the workplace

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Occupational Health

•   is a specialization in Health Science with its
  practice with the aim for workers to achieve the
  highest degree of health, physically, mentally
  and socially with preventive and curative measure
  against diseases or illnesses caused by work
  factors or work environment, or common diseases.

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Occupational Health

• ILO WHO define
• As the promotion and maintenance of the highest
  degree of physical, mental and social well being
  of workers in all occupations

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Occupational health

• Is a multidisciplinary activity aimed at
• the protection and promotion of the of workers
  by preventing and controlling occupational
  diseases and accidents and by eliminating
  occupational factors and conditions hazardous to
  health and safety at work

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• Occupational health is the total health of all at
  work
• Occupational health services is seen as a
  mechanism to achieve its objective
• OH ? is the recognition of a two way relationship
  between work and health

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WORK
HEALTH

• Work may not only have an adverse impact on
  health, but it may beneficial to health and well
  being
• The health status of the worker will have an
  impact on work
• Healthy gtlt un healthy ? more productive
• Worker with impaired health ? less productive,
  danger to themselves, other workers and the
  community

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Occupational Health

• 1.      Concern with People
• 2.      Concern with Medical Problems

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Occupational Hygiene

• is the environmental science of anticipating,
  recognizing, evaluating, and controlling health
  hazards in the working environment with the
  objective of protecting workers health and well
  being and safeguarding the community at large.

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Occupational Hygiene

• Definition from The British Occupational Hygiene
  Society
• Occupational hygiene is the applied science
  concerned with identification, measurement,
  appraisal of risk and control to acceptable
  standards of physical, chemical and biological
  factors arising in or from the workplace which
  may affect the health or well-being of those at
  work or in the community

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Industrial Hygiene

• Is the science and art devoted to the
  recognition, evaluation and control of those
  environmental factors or stresses, arising in or
  from workplace, which may cause sickness,
  impaired health and well being, or significant
  discomfort and efficiency among workers or among
  the citizens of community.

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Occupational Health and Safety Program

• An occupational health and safety program is a
  specific plan of action to prevent workplace
  accidents, injuries and occupational diseases.

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Occupational health and safety program

• The program is a framework for all occupational
  health and safety activities, plans and
  procedures at the place of employment.

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Work Productivity

• Factors related to work productivity
• 1. Common Diseases
• 2.      Work Related diseases
• 3.      Nutritional conditions
• 4.      Work Environment
• 5.      Planning and designing the relationships
  between people and machines
• 6.      Mental or psychological condition
• 7.      Workers welfare
• 8.      Health Promotion
• 9.      Health Facility
• 10.  Supervision

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• Worker
• Work environment
• Environmental Hazard

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The responsibilities of doctor working in
industry

• knowledge of the work environment
• pre-placement, periodic and special medical
  examinations
• administrative responsibility for nurses and
  first-aiders
• treatment
• health education
• rehabilitation
• teaching and research
• advice to individuals, management, organized
  labor and safety representatives
• efficient record keeping
• group surveillance of those at special risk, e.g
  canteen staff
• liase with outside organizations-Government,
  Universities, other industries
• reassurance

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Additional Challenges in Developing Countries

1. Export Hazards
2. Inadequate infrastucture and human resources
3. Transnational problems
4. Relationship between the workplace and the home
   environment
5. Economic development
6. Occupational and Environmental Health Services
   and Primary Health Care

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Disciplines and careers in occupational and
environmental health

• Physicians (preventive medicine, public health,
  occupational and environmental medicine,
  aerospace medicine
• Nurse (occupational health nursing)
• Public health practitioners (epidemiology,
  biostatistics, environmental health, health
  services administration, health education,
  behavioral sciences, sanitarians, environmental
  technicians, food safety professionals, hazardous
  substance professionals
• Industrial hygienist, ergonomists, environmental
  engineer

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Related disciplines

• Toxicology
• Epidemiology
• Environmental chemistry
• System engineering
• Sociology
• Psychology
• Anthropology
• Communication science
• Environmental law, economics, policy, management
• Ecology,agronomy, chemistry, physics an geology

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Next topic

• WORKPLACE HAZARDS