Type of Cancers

1
CANCER
2
CONTENT

• What is cancer?
• Origin of cancer
• Common cancer types
• Symptoms of cancer
• Type of cancer treatments
• The 10 step anti-cancer program,
• The top anti-cancer foods
• Foods to consider avoiding
• Healthy recipes

3
What is Cancer?

• Defining Cancer
• Cancer is a term used for diseases in which
  abnormal cells divide without control and are
  able to invade
• other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other
  parts of the body through the blood and lymph
  systems.
• Cancer is not just one disease but many diseases.
  There are more than 100 different types of
  cancer.
• Most cancers are named for the organ or type of
  cell in which they start - for example, cancer
  that
• begins in the colon is called colon cancer
  cancer that begins in basal cells of the skin is
  called basal cell
• carcinoma.
• Cancer types can be grouped into broader
  categories. The main categories of cancer
  include
• Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin or in
  tissues that line or cover internal organs.
• Sarcoma - cancer that begins in bone, cartilage,
  fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective
  or supportive tissue.
• Leukemia - cancer that starts in blood-forming
  tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large
  numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced
  and enter the blood.
• Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in the
  cells of the immune system.
• Central nervous system cancers - cancers that
  begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal
  cord.

Cancel Cell
4
Origins of Cancer

• All cancers begin in cells, the body's basic unit
  of life. To understand cancer, it's helpful to
  know what happens when normal cells become cancer
  cells.
• The body is made up of many types of cells. These
  cells grow and divide in a controlled way to
  produce more cells as they are needed to keep the
  body healthy. When cells become old or damaged,
  they die and are replaced with new cells.
• However, sometimes this orderly process goes
  wrong. The genetic material (DNA) of a cell can
  become damaged or changed, producing mutations
  that affect normal cell growth and division. When
  this happens, cells do not die when they should
  and new cells form when the body does not need
  them. The extra cells may form a mass of tissue
  called a tumor.

5
(No Transcript)
6
Common Cancer Types

• Bladder Breast Cancer   
• Melanoma
• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 
• Colon and Rectal Cancer    
• Pancreatic Cancer         
• Endometrial Cancer  
• Prostate Cancer           
• Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer          
• Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)            
• Leukemia           
• Thyroid Cancer
• Lung Cancer             

7
Symptoms of Cancer

• Cancer is a broad term that encompasses over one
  hundred different types of cancer. Although each
  type has its own set of
• characteristics, there are some cancer symptoms
  that occur in many types of cancer. It is
  important to note that some types of cancer do
  not present
• any symptoms until they are in advanced stages.
  This is why cancer screening and risk assessment
  are vital for cancer prevention and early
  detection.
• Symptoms of Cancer
• A broad spectrum of non-specific cancer symptoms
  may include Persistent Fatigue Fatigue is one
  of the most commonly experienced cancer symptoms.
  It is usually more common when the cancer is
  advanced, but still occurs in the early stages of
  some cancers. Anemia is commonly the culprit -- a
  condition that is associated with many types of
  cancer, especially types affecting the bowel.
  Fatigue is a symptom of both malignant and
  non-malignant conditions and should be evaluated
  by a physician. Unintentional Weight Loss
  While it may be a welcome surprise to lose weight
  without trying, it can be a red flag for many
  illnesses, including cancer. Losing 10 pounds or
  more unintentionally definitely warrants a visit
  to the doctor. This type of weight loss can occur
  with or without loss of appetite. Remember,
  weight loss can be a symptom of cancer, but is
  also a symptom of many other illnesses, too.
• Pain Typically, pain is not an early symptom of
  cancer, except in some cancer types like those
  that spread to the bone. Pain generally occurs
  when cancer spreads and begins to affect other
  organs and nerves. - Lower pack pain is cancer
  symptom that is associated with ovarian cancer
  and colon cancer. Shoulder pain can also be a
  symptom of lung cancer. Pain in the form
  of headaches can be associated with brain tumors
  (malignant and benign). - Stomach pains can be
  related to types of cancer, like stomach cancer,
  pancreatic cancer, and many others. Stomach pain
  can be a very vague symptom because so many
  illnesses can cause stomach pain.
• Fever A fever is a very non-specific symptom of
  many mild to severe conditions, including cancer.
  In relation to cancer, a fever that is persistent
  or one that comes and goes frequently can signal
  stress on the immune system. Fevers are commonly
  associated with types of cancer that affects the
  blood, like leukemia and lymphoma, but are also
  common in people whose cancer has spread. Bowel
  Changes If you experience constipation,
  diarrhea, blood in the stools, gas, thinner
  stools, or just a general overall change in bowel
  habits, see your doctor. These symptoms are most
  commonly associated with colon cancer, but are
  also related to other cancer types. Chronic
  Cough A persistent, new cough or a cough that
  won't go away or becomes worse needs to be
  evaluated by a doctor. Blood and/or mucus may
  accompany the cough and can be caused many
  conditions. In relation to cancer, a chronic
  cough with blood or mucus can be symptom of lung
  cancer.

8
Pancreatic cancer
Prostate Cancer
Breast cancer
Colon cancer
Skin cancer
Lung cancer
Edometrial Cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Cervical cancer
Leukemia Cancer
Oral cancer
Liver cancer
Bladder cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Rectal Cancer
Kidney cancer
9
Type of Cancer Treatments

• Cancer Treatment Information Information about
  cancer treatment, including surgery,
  chemotherapy, radiation
• therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy,
  complementary medicine, and cutting edge
  technologies.
• Biologic Therapy
• Bone Marrow Transplants
• Chemotherapy
• Clinical Trials
• Complementary Medicine
• Gene Therapy
• General Treatment Concerns
• Hormone Therapy
• PDT Center
• Proton Therapy
• Radiation Oncology
• Surgical Oncology
• Targeted Therapies
• Vaccine Therapies

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
THE 10-STEP ANTI-CANCER PROGRAM

• Reduce stress.
• Stay lean.
• Increase exercise.
• Limit dietary fat to 20 percent of total
  calories, with less than 10 percent of total
  calories as saturated fats. Eliminate
  hydrogenated fats.
• Increase fiber to between 25 and 35 grams a day.
• Eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.
• Eat foods high in the antioxidants beta carotene,
  vitamin C and vitamin E.
• Switch from red meat to seafood and soy products.
  
• Eat foods high in calcium.
• Consider daily supplements of the following
• Vitamin C, 500 mg.
• Calcium, 500 mg.
• Flaxseed meal (ground flaxseed), 30 grams
• Acidophilus powder, 1 teaspoon
• Vitamin E, 200 IU
• Selenium, 100 mcg.

13
THE TOP ANTI-CANCER FOODS

• Anti-cancer vegetables
• broccoli
• brussel sprouts
• cabbage
• carrots
• cauliflower
• eggplant
• green beans
• kale
• onions (red)
• peppers
• radishes
• soy
• squash
• sweet potatoes
• tomatoes
• Yams

• Anti-cancer fruits
• apricots
• blueberries
• grapefruit
• grapes
• lemons
• mangoes
• oranges
• papayas
• peaches
• persimmons
• strawberries, organic
• tangerines

14
Foods to consider avoiding

• 1, 2 and whole milk
• Meats with 96 fat or less Red meats Hydrogenated
  oils, such as stick margarine.
• Or foods that list hydrogenated oils in their
  ingredients  Food with high butter fat and other
  animal fats such as whole milk or creams such as
  cheese, full fat yogurt, butter, sauces. They
  feed the cancers and can interfere with
  caroteniods absorption Deep-fried foods.

15
(No Transcript)
16
Healthy recipes

• Cabbage and carrot coleslaw with roasted peanuts
• Preparation and cooking time 10 minutes
• Per serving
• Calories 215kcalFat 14gSalt 0.4g5 A DAY 2
• Ingredients
• (serves 2)
• 2 tablespoons rice vinegar, or to taste1
  tablespoon toasted sesame oil1 teaspoon honey1
  teaspoon reduced-salt soy sauce150g/5oz coarsely
  grated carrots150g/5oz coarsely shredded
  cabbage25g/1oz chopped unsalted dry-roasted
  peanuts
• Method
• In a large bowl, whisk together the vinegar,
  sesame oil, honey and soy sauce.
• Add the carrots and cabbage and toss to blend.
• Sprinkle the peanuts on top and serve at room
  temperature.

• Easy lemon chicken
• Preparation and cooking time 35 minutes
• Per serving
• Calories 380kcal
• Fat 10g
• Salt 0.3g
• 5 A DAY 1.5
• Ingredients
• (serves 2)
• 2 small (200g/8oz) chicken breasts, skin removed
• Zest and juice of 1 large lemon
• 1 dessertspoon olive oil
• 1 clove garlic, crushed
• 100g/4oz wholegrain brown rice
• 300g/12oz broccoli spears

17
Lead healthy lifestyle to reduce risk of
cancer (Published on Monday, March 1, 2010 The
Brunei Times) BRUNEIANS have been urged to
lead a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of
cancer and advised to seek treatment as soon as
possible.Dr Hj Muhd Syafiq Abdullah, oncology
specialist at the National Cancer Centre said
that cancer can be prevented if treated early,
adding that if a person who came in during stage
one, there is still high chances of
survival."From 2004 to 2008, cancer has been
the number one killer next to heart disease. We
can reduce the risk of cancer by a change of
lifestyle," he said in his presentation"Cancer
Prevention". He added Be good to yourself,
take healthy diets and do a lot of exercises,
dont smoke, those who drink alcohol should do so
in moderation and reduce exposure to the sun as
this can also cause skin cancer. Head of
Research and Evaluation Section of the Health
Promotion Centre Dr Pg Hishamuddin Pg Hj Dato
Paduka Badaruddin said that cancer has always
been pictured as suffering, but it could still be
prevented.
Useful links
http//www.bt.com.bn/en/news-national/2010/03/01/l
ead-healthy-lifestyle-reduce-risk-cancer
http//www.moh.gov.bn/healthpromotions/healthtopic
s.htm
World Cancer Day - RTB News Brunei News
Breaking News Asian ... 4 Feb 2010 ... The
theme is in line with the effort of the Ministry
of Health to raise public ... To further improve
treatment and health care services, ... to an any
loss or damage caused by use of information from
this web site. www.rtbnews.rtb.gov.bn/?cnewsDet
ailnews_id5213
18
Quiz
Cancer cell

•  1. Cancer is the second leading cause of death
  globally
• True .
• False
• 2. Standard treatments for cancer include
  surgery, radiation, and
• chemotherapy.
• True .
• False
• 3. People undergoing cancer treatment have fewer
  side effects
• when they eat a well-balanced diet.
• True .
• False
• 4. During chemotherapy, everyone loses their
  hair.
• True
• False .
• 5. Smoking cigars does not cause lung cancer.

• 7. Eating high-fat animal foods such as red meat
  won't increase
• your cancer risk.
• True
• False.
• 8. Drinking red wine or other alcoholic beverages
  can reduce
• your cancer risk.
• True
• False.
• 9. Studies suggest that people who consume lots
  of antioxidants
• (vitamin C, vitamin A and carotenoids) from food
  sources have a
• lower cancer risk.
• True.
• False
• 10. Limiting your intake of preserved meats may
  reduce your
• cancer risk.
• True.

19
Quiz Answers

•  1. Cancer is the second leading cause of death
  globally
• True .
• False
• 2. Standard treatments for cancer include
  surgery, radiation, and
• chemotherapy.
• True .
• False
• 3. People undergoing cancer treatment have fewer
  side effects
• when they eat a well-balanced diet.
• True .
• False
• 4. During chemotherapy, everyone loses their
  hair.
• True
• False .
• 5. Smoking cigars does not cause lung cancer.

• 7. Eating high-fat animal foods such as red meat
  won't increase
• your cancer risk.
• True
• False.
• 8. Drinking red wine or other alcoholic beverages
  can reduce
• your cancer risk.
• True
• False.
• 9. Studies suggest that people who consume lots
  of antioxidants
• (vitamin C, vitamin A and carotenoids) from food
  sources have a
• lower cancer risk.
• True.
• False
• 10. Limiting your intake of preserved meats may
  reduce your
• cancer risk.
• True.