What Can I Add? Finding Something New to Say About Your Sources

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What Can I Add?Finding Something Newto Say
About Your Sources
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What can I talk about?

• A research paper is
• a record of intelligent readingin several
  sources (Raynor, n.d.)

In the 1940s,great animal blackout
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What are the issues?

• After 1940s, the great animal blackout

• Now Sam Gosling studies personality in octopi
  and insects.

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What has Gosling learned?
GOOGLESCHOLAR
WEBSITE
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What ideas does this suggest?
New field of animal psychology
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Reading ? informed opinion
Supporters Say Animals havepersonalities
Critics Say Dont confuseanimals and people
I say
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What can you add?

• Know the experts on your topic.

• You can
• agree
• disagree
• apply
• compare/contrast
• evaluate strengths/weaknesses

Critical/ original thinking
Blooms Taxonomy
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Summarize an authors idea

• Marck Spinka, an animal researcher in the Czech
  Republic, has . . . a theory that play teaches
  a young animal how to handle novelty and
  surprise, such as the shock of being knocked off
  balance or a surprise attack.      

Dr. Marek Spinka
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I say Yes, and

• If Dr. Spinka is right, that would explain why
  play fighting is so different from real fighting,
  because a play fight has to be constantly
  surprising to teach the young fighters how to
  respond to novelty. (Grandin Johnson, 2005,
  p. 123)

Dr. Temple Grandin Animals in Translation
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Research ?Comment

• In a study by Carol Dweck, 4th-graders
• were given unsolvable problems followed by
  solvable ones. Once the helpless students
  failed, their strategies deteriorated down to 1st
  grade level, whereas the mastery-oriented
  students stayed at 4th grade level despite
  failures. They rolled up their sleeves and worked
  harder. The crucial element was whether the
  student saw the failure as having to do with
  ability or effort. (as cited in Gordon Gordon,
  1996)

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Research ?Disagree

• Based on her four-year study of brain scans and
  scientific research, Sunderland entreats parents
  to reject the modern theories of baby experts
  such as Gina Ford and Channel 4's Supernanny, Jo
  Frost, who preach strict discipline, routine and
  controlled crying.
• http//www.naturallynurturing.co.uk/MargotSunderl
  and.htm

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Critical thinking Judgment

• MST multisystem therapy is one of only a
  handful of "evidence based" programs that have
  been shown to be effective for violent children
• 54 percent fewer arrests and 57 fewer days in
  jail)"

• The single most important piece of the treatment
  is getting children away from deviant peers.
• (Raeburn, 2006)

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I say Yes, but

• Although critics have suggested that Ritalin is
  overprescribed for children, a study last
  December found that doctors use about 21/2 times
  more Ritalin for hyperactive and inattentive
  children than in 1990a much smaller increase
  than feared.
• (Readin, Writin, and Ritalin, 1997)

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As you read, look for

• new information
• ground-breaking research
• unexpected findings
• contradictions
• conversation (researcher responding to other
  researchers)
• key findings or ideas
• applications

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Research ?Anything new?

• The range of developmental impairments known as
  autism spectrum disorders, or ASD, is marked by
  an inability to communicate and interact with
  others.
• Study Kids can show signs of autism at 14 months
  old. (2007, July 4). Des Moines Register, 4E.

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Research ?Currency

• 2006 marked the 100th anniversary of the meeting
  where physician Alois Alzheimer presented the
  first documented case of the disease that would
  bear his name. Today, scientists are making
  significant discoveries every month. Ninety
  percent of what we know about Alzheimers has
  been discovered in the last 15 years (A.
  Riesenberg, as cited in Health Questions,
  2007).

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Research ?Counterintuitive

• In 19th century Bavaria, rainfall was unusually
  high. In rainy years, the price of rye rose.
  Rain raised food prices, and those prices, in
  turn, led hungry families to steal in order to
  feed themselves. However, violent crimes
  decreased. Beer, which contained rye, was also
  more expensive, so people drank less of it
  (Dubner Levitt, 2006, p. 26).

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Research ?Contradictions

• On the Contrary.
• Active procrastinators use putting things off
  as a strategy for adapting to rapidly changing
  environments
• (Choi Chu, 2005)

• Procrastination Is Bad
• College students who procrastinate in their
  academic work are also likely to have unhealthy
  sleep, diet, and exercise patternsand have
  significantly higher rates of digestive ailments,
  insomnia, and cold and flu symptoms than the
  student population at large (Sirois Pychyl, as
  cited in Glenn, 2002)

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Research ? Conversation

I never realized how bad MSs grammar check was
until a student turned in a poorly written report
that was spellchecked and grammarchecked.
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Research ?Totality of data

• How to interpret conflicting health studies?
• Scientists base their ultimate judgments on the
  totality of the data, which in theory includes
  all the observational evidence, any existing
  clinical trials and any laboratory work that
  might provide a biological mechanism to explain
  the observations.

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Research ?Disagree

• Sullivan is wrong to say that Scandinavian
  registered partnerships are open to
  heterosexuals. They're not. Sullivan wants to
  claim that registered partnerships are a
  "marriage lite" that attracts large numbers of
  heterosexuals and thus weaken conventional
  marriage But Scandinavian heterosexuals do not
  enter into registered partnership
• Stanley Kurtz, Slipping Toward Scandinavia
  Contra Andrew Sullivan
• http//www.nationalreview.com/kurtz/kurtz200402020
  917.asp

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Research ? Adapt
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Research ? Apply

• We offer the following empirically supported
  recommendations for helping adolescents avoid
  unhealthy risks
• Reduce risk by retaining higher drinking ages.
• Help teens to practice recognizing cues that
  signal danger before it is too late to act (I
  will not ride with a drinking driver.)
• (Reyna Farley, 2006/2007)

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Add ?Evaluation

• The problem with the American economy is that so
  many have been stuck for so long at the bottom
  and in the middle. This is why one of the really
  good books on the subject, Inequality in America,
  by the economists James Heckman and Alan Krueger,
  is all about raising the incomes of people at the
  bottom. Punishing those at the top doesnt help
  (Lowenstein, 2007, p. 14).

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Originality Critical thinking

• Which is best?
• Why do things happen the way they do?
• How could things be made better?

New organization
Piecesof data
As, Bs
Cs
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Credibility Quality sources

• Professional literature
• Peer-reviewed journals
• Professional associations
• Respected sources
• Harvard Business Review
• National Institutes of Health
• Expert opinion
• H. Selyestress
• H. Gardnermultiple intelligences
• M. Seligmanhappiness, learned helplessness

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Kuhlthaus Model of Research

• Stage Task
  Feelings
• Initiation contemplating the task uncertainty
  and possible topics
• Selection selecting a topic optimism
• Exploration encountering inconsistency confusion
  and incompatibility
• Formulation forming a focused clarity perspect
  ive
• Collection gathering/documenting confidence
• Presentation connecting and extending satisfactio
  n or disappointment

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Result Answers and

• Identifying genes involved in type 2 diabetes
  is only a beginning. As is often the case with
  research, obtaining one answer often leads to a
  series of new questions needing new answers.
• (Mitchell, 2007)

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