Where is it all Going?

1
Where is it all Going?

• Dennis M. Bushnell
• Chief Scientist
• NASA Langley Research Center

2

• Overall
• An attempt to address Where is it all Going?
• Fair Warning
• Broader and farther term than you may be
  accustomed to, Much is Not Pretty
• Assertion
• Based upon what is in the Laboratory NOW, No
  Pixie Dust or Science Fiction

3

• Hunter-Gatherer - Nature Provided
• Agriculture - Controlled Nature (Plants/Animals),
  enabled civilization
• Industrial - Mechanized Agriculture
• 1800-97 Farmers,Now-2
• IT/BIO/Nano - Automating Industry/Agriculture
  1950-60,Now-11, heading to 2
• Virtual - Robotization of IT/Bio/Nano/Industry/Agr
  iculture TBD
• Technology MATTERS - For Both Good and ill

4
Humans Have Taken Over and Vastly Shortened
EvolutionHuman-Engendered some E7 Faster than
natural Evolution

• Of the Planet
• Global Warming/Pollution/Deforestation/Species
  Extinction
• Huge Public Works (e.g. 3 Gorges Dam)
• Of the Human Species
• Genomic Design and Repair
• Mind Children (Moravec)
• Products/Life Forms
• Cross Species Molecular Breeding
• Directed Evolution (Maxygen etc.)

5
Current Competitive Landscape

• U.S. produces only 18 of Worlds GDP and
  dropping
• 70 of Research conducted offshore, 30 of
  U.S. Research conducted offshore
• 500B/yr Trade Deficit a deficit in high tech
  products
• U.S. 29th in Life Expectancy, 72nd in overall
  health level
• 5th in Number of RD Personnel/Labor Unit
• Negative-to-3 Savings Rate vs. 30 in Asia
• 13th to 23rd out of 30 - Student Math/Science
  Scores
• 80th in of Univ. Degrees in ST
• 13th in College Participation down from first a
  decade ago
• U.S Technical Universities must now compete for
  Foreign students with foreign Universities

6
Current Competitive Landscape

• U.S. 8th, Global Innovation Index were number 1
  in 95
• Only 6 of the worlds 25 most competitive High
  Tech companies are based in the U.S. 14 are in
  Asia
• U.S. 11th out of 25 in of the labor Force in
  Creative New ideas/technology/content
  occupations
• The 500B/yr Trade Deficit is 80 of the
  entire Worlds Net Savings
• Half of IBMs 190,000 STs Reside Overseas..

7
Current Competitive Landscape

• U.S. 12th in Scientific Papers pub. Per Capita
• For cost of 1 ST in U.S., can hire 5 in China
  and 11 in India Major of U.S. Engineering now
  performed offshore- is a commodity
• Of 120 Major Chemical plants under construction,
  1 in U.S., 50 in China
• Only 3 American Companies ranked among the top 10
  U.S. Patent recipients
• U.S. Industry spends more on tort litigation than
  RD
• Walmart and McDonalds created 44 of all new jobs

8
Synopsis Current U.S. Sit-Rep

• Education System not Competitive
• Health System not good
• Share of Global GDP declining
• Massive Debts, SOL artificially high
• Innovation Metrics Dropping
• Engineering going offshore
• 70 of global Research Offshore

9
There are now seven major and simultaneous
Societal Existential Issues, Any one of which
will Change Society as we know it MUCH. The
impacts of all seven, including potential
synergisms, is approaching the unfathomable.
10
Simultaneous Existential Societal Issues

• Climate Change/ Energy
• Massive Debt AKA The Great Correction
• Water/ Food shortages/Environmental issues
• 5 Simultaneous game-changing Tech Revolutions,
  Tele-Everything, the Death of Death
• Luddites/ Individual Destructive Power
• Robotics/ Machine Intelligence/ Employment
• Humans merging with the Machines

11
IPCC Estimates.

• Based upon SOLID Science
• By 2100
• - 5-6 degrees C
• - A meter to 2.6 meter Ocean Rise

12
How Far Off are the Climate/Warming Estimates?
- Projected arrival of ice-free Summers in the
Arctic Ocean has shifted, in a few years based
upon ground truth, what is actually happening
from 2100 to 2040 to 2014 - Greater than
projected worst case CO2 rise rate, Oceans
warming faster,Ocean Acidification 10X faster
13
Positive Feedbacks not included in Current
Warming Estimates

• Fossil Methane 22X CO2 Releases
  Tundra/Ocean
• Tundra Soil and Ocean CO2 Releases
• Reduced Ocean CO2 uptake Temp increase,
  Acidification, Algae Reductions
• Further Albedo changes
• Further Water Evaporation
• Ocean Circul./O2 changes,H2S Prod.

14
With the Positive Feedbacks..

• By 2100, Possibly
• - 12-14 degrees C
• - At those Temperatures, beyond 2100
  2130ish? all the Ice melts, some 75 Meter Ocean
  Rise, directly affect over 2 Billion people.
• - Alteration of the Ocean Circulators, H2S
  production in Anoxic Oceans, Toxic atmosphere and
  Ozone layer Depletion Losing area of Oceans
  equal to state of Texas each year now to anoxic
  conditions

15
The Great Dying The Permian 90 Extinction-
250 MY ago triggered as was Venusian Warming
by massive Volcanic CO2 Particulate release.
Anthropogenic CO2 release 100X largest volcanic
rate is substituting for the Volcanic input,
triggering the positive feedback mechanisms
16
Rationals for Going Green

• Escalating Price of Petroleum
• Warming floods, storms, disease, ocean levels,
  droughts, species extinctions, tidal waves, Ocean
  Acidification, Ocean Circulation, H2S
• National Security/Geo-Politics Middle East and
  all that
• Economics/ Balance of Payments over half of
  600B PLUS trade deficit is Oil
• Personal Economics/ Independence

17
Conventional Energy Outlook

• Peak cheap Oil was 08 at some 87 M BBl/Day, now
  pumping below 80 and Demand rising, esp. in Asia,
  Costs will greatly escalate
• Peak cheap Uranium unless we go Breeder/
  Thorium is 2025
• Peak cheap natural gas is 2030ish
• Peak cheap Coal is 2050 ish.Coal CO2
  Sequestration will price coal above the major
  renewables

18
Current Worldwide Energy Usage

• Petroleum - 140 Exojoules
• Natural Gas - 85
• Coal - 90
• Biomass - 55 Potential to 4,000
• Nuclear Fission - 28
• Hydroelectric - 9
• Geothermal - 2 potential to 5,000
• Solar - .2 Potential to 4,000
• Others Wind, etc. - 7 Potential to 5,000

19
Suggested Green Energy Best Bets/Ways Forward

• Seawater Ag, Aquaculture/Algae, Cellulosic
  Biofuels, genomic bio to replace Petroleum for
  transportation
• Drilled Geothermal, Biomass, Solar Thermal and
  Nano Plastic PV with thermal storage/T-PV
  extraction, Hybrid vehicle Distributed Elec.
  storage or Sterling M-G for Solar night time and
  Wind to replace coal
• Also - Tidal Currents, 20-30 Efficient
  Thermo-electrics Harvesting, cycle efficiency
  , SMES w/CNT Magnets 10X Chem storage?,
  extract atmos. CO2/process using solar energy
  into CO/ Fuels , Horiz. OTEC/ Gulf Stream
• And - Positron storage as Positronium, IECF P-B11
  , LENRs, ZPE Expts., High Altitude Wind

20
Aquaculture..

• Algae and Bacteria, capable of up to 20,000
  Gals fuel/acre-year vice some 800 or less from
  Agriculture -, 35-60 Oil
• Prospective Algae Ponds within the U.S. include
  the Great Salt Lake, the Salton Sea , the Dry
  Lakes and waste water treatment plants, Then
  there is the Eastern Equatorial Pacific and the
  Gulf of Mexico using the Miss. Nutrient
  Outflow..and at home growth/processing
• Uses Waste resources - Saline/waste
  water/land, 4 of U.S. land mass to replace
  Petroleum vice 40

21
From Bioengineering..

• Engineered Microbes which utilize CO2, sunlight
  and waste water to produce projected 20,000
  gals of fuel/ acre-year, with Economics
  competitive with Petroleum at some 50/bbl.
  Petroleum now over 80/bbl
• Joule Biotechnologies , Nascent Technology, A
  potential MAJOR transportation fuels breakthrough.

22
The Final Last Resort Solution

• Genomically modify the Biota incl. humans to
  Take the Heat
• - Ongoing studies of Extremaphiles,
  biologics in deep ocean vents, in deserts, in
  Yellowstone pools etc. plus the ongoing Bio
  Revolution Genomics, Synthetic Biology
  proffers the possibility of Designer Life forms
  incl. Humanoids capable of thriving in whatever
  evolves Venus-like conditions is a worst case
  - 400 degrees C if all the Ocean Methane/CO2
  Escapes

23
Econometrics, Debt

• Massive U.S. Domestic/Foreign/Consumer Debt,
  current solution is MORE DEBT, only REAL
  solution is reduced standard of living
  economics, climate
• Debt Situation will produce inflation, higher
  interest rates, higher taxes as well as lower
  standards of living
• Industrial age wealth created via natural
  resources, IT age wealth created by Inventing
  things, EDUCATION is KEY
• Molecular manufacturing and the machines will
  eventually create vast wealth

24
World Economic Outlook

• Much-to-Most of the World Economic runup in
  recent decades was due to massive U.S. Debt.
  800B/ year Trade Deficit, 300B-to-1.4 T/yr
  Domestic Debt, 1T Consumer debt, Overall U.S.
  Debt is 15.6 T Interest-Bearing, 60T
  unsecured Obligations, 4.8T to ROW
• Part of This debt was recently called, current
  solution involves yet MORE DEBT, this time on
  the backs of our Grand Children., NOT
  SUSTAINABLE. Interest rates and taxes heading
  MUCH HIGHER.
• BOTH the Climate/Energy AND Financial Realities
  Debt service, increasing interest rates and
  taxes strongly indicate the world will have to
  revert to Living within our means, will have to
  back off from living on ever more debt, resulting
  in reduced standards of living here and
  everywhere
• Several of the ongoing Technology Revolutions
  COULD eventually significantly mitigate the
  requisite standard-of-living adjustments - TBD

25
Major U.S. Debt Issues

• Interest on the Debt, MAJOR ISSUE
• Military Costs We are the Worlds largest Debtor
  Nation, if we give up the worlds largest military
  then they would probably Foreclose, will no
  longer be a Safe Haven
• Medical Costs/ Aging Population
• Social Security/ Aging Population
• Employment changes due to Robotics
• Changing to Renewable Energy, climate change

26
Econometrics Ways Forward

• Exploit Shift from Industrial Age wealth creation
  via Natural Resource Exploitation to IT Age
  wealth creation via Inventing Things
• Fix STEM Ed via very inexpensive/superb, highly
  motivational virtual Ed
• Fix Health Care via Prevention, Tele-Med
• Using Advanced Techs create solution spaces for
  Frontier Issues Energy, materials, Bio and
  PROTECT/Exploit the technology

27
The Ecosystem appears to be Crashing

• Fresh Water Shortages
• Species Extinctions, Emergence of Fragile
  Mono-culture Biomes
• CO2 etc. induced Climate Change
• Pollution of all manner
• Deforestation
• Losses of Topsoil Wildlife Habitat
• - Overall, Humans Practicing Anti-Terraforming

28
Prevention of collapse of the Ecosystem has now
become the overwhelming issue
European Commission on Key Technologies for
Europe,2005
29
Water/Food

• Current food production based on Fresh Water
  Plants
• We are running out of Fresh Water
• The Ecosystem is Crashing, the code word is
  Sustainability
• Engendered by Population Growth, 30 too many
  of us for the Ecosystem to support NOW, if/as ROW
  attains U.S. Consumption rate will need 3 more
  planets
• Resulting in PEAK EVERYTHING
• A Solution is to switch to Halophytes Salt
  Plants, produce food on wastelands using
  saline/salt water, 22 nations working this,
  Solves Land, water, food, energy, minerals and
  climate change.

30
Just a goodly portion of the Sahara capable of
providing using halophytes, seawater Irrig.
sufficient Biomass to replace ALL of the Fossil
Carbon, provide petrochemical feedstock and all
the requisite food whilst returning some of the
68 of the fresh water now used for Conventional
Agric. to direct human use.Overall Solves
land, water, food, energy warming
31
Entering The Age of the Small,The Fast,The Smart
and the Many.
And the Inexpensive and Ubiquitous
32
THE KEY TECHNOLOGIES(highly
synergistic / at the frontiers of the small / in
a feeding frenzy off each other)

• IT (comms/computing/sensors/electronics/machine
  intelligence)
• Bio (genomics/molecular biology/designer life
  forms)
• Nano (coatings/barriers/computers/sensors/material
  s/assemblers)
• Energetics (HEDM (various)/revol.
  solar/biomass/explosives/propellants/storage)
• Quantum crypto/computing/sensors/optics/Electroni
  cs
• Societal Technological Systems (motivational
  asynchronous distance learning,
  immersive/virtual presence, tele-everything,
  robotic everything,

33
Worldwide IT Revolution

• Comms/Computing/Sensors/Electronics
• Factor of E07 since 59 Moores Law
• Factor of E08 to E12 further improvement
  Silicon,Molecular/CNT, Quantum, Bio, Optical
• Beyond Human Machine Intelligence?
• Automatics/Robotics in the large
• Immersive multi-sensory VR/Holodecks
• Ubiquitous multi physics/hyperspectral sensors
  land/sea/air/space

34
Electron Threats

• EMP - Non-Nuc,most unprotected, increasingly
  ubiquitous, decreasing feature size enhances
  effectiveness, HEDM drivers, Gamma/Xrays right
  through Cages
• IO/IW - some 75 of IT now offshore COTS
  hardware, software, cannot trust back doors
  and all that
• IO/IW - Some 45 errors per 1000 lines of code,
  opportunities for interference/takedown
• IO/IW - Trusted Insiders
• Jammers
• Physical Damage, Esp. Space

35
IMPACTS OF ONGOING ITREVOLUTION UPON SOCIETY

• Work (at home telecommuting, reduced
  local/corporal travel)
• Shopping (at home web based, (robotic?) delivery)
• Entertainment/leisure (at home immersive 3-D
  interactive/multi-sensory via VR/holographic
  projection)
• Travel (3-D/interactive/multi-sensory
  tele-travel)
• Education (at home low cost asynchronous, web
  based on-demand, highly motivational, life-long
  distance learning, .edu)
• Health (at home interactive tele-medicine)
• Politics (increased real-time virtual involvement
  of the body politic)
• Commerce (tele-commerce already ubiquitous)
• Tele-Socialization, Tele -onsite Manufacturing

36
It will be routine to meet in full-immersion
virtual reality for business meetings and casual
conversations in 5 to 7 years
Ray Kurzweil,Author,Age of Spiritual Machines
and The Singularity is Near
37
Tele-Everything

• Beyond the current IT age is the Virtual Age
• Tele Everything Work, shopping, travel,
  medicine, politics, socialization, education,
  commerce, manufacturing, ..
• Rise of the individual Prosumer, Electronic,
  off-all-the-grids energy, food, water, sewage
  cottages
• 5 senses virtual reality commercially
  demonstrated in the U.K., holographic projection
• Virtual Worlds, 2nd Life and all that, Many
  millions are spending more time in virtual worlds
  than in the real world, this before widespread
  superb 5 senses virtual reality, which will make
  such better than real, and not limited to
  reality

38
In 30 Years,The Universities of America,as we
have Traditionally known them,will be Barren
Wastelands
Peter Drucker
39
(A) FUTURE VISION(the rudicio-ad-absurdium)

• Electronic cottages widely dispersed, 30 acres
  on a mountaintop)
• Physical access via (robotic) STOL air delivery
  and transportation vehicles
• Off-the- Energy, waste, food,water Grid Homes
  available NOW
• (Primarily) virtual/electronic (3-D, immersive,
  multisensory)
• Tele-commuting
• Tele-shopping
• Tele-commerce
• Tele-entertainment
• Tele-travel
• Tele-medicine
• Tele-education
• Tele-socialization
• Tele-politics
• Tele - onsite Manufacturing

40
Human- RelatedBio Revolution Products

• Human Adaptation
• Direct Photosynthesis
• Micro g/Radiation Hardening (for Space)
• Water-Breathing, digestion of cellulose via
  symbiotic microorgsms.
• Human Amplification/Cosmetics
• Dogs Nose, Cats ear , Strength Enhancement
• Brain Augmentation
• Tailorable features/colors,Tails?
• Human Maintenance/SERIOUS Life Extension
• Disease Prevention
• Parts Replacement
• Currently,.1.3 year/year heading to 1 year/year
• Designer Humans

41
Summary - Bio Futures

• Serious Human Life Extension and human
  amplification
• Pharm animals
• Borged up Humans
• Designer Life Forms
• Bio-Mimetics, Bio-Production and
  Bio-Functionalism
• Bio energy sources

42
Rapid Tech Changes Destabilizing the Populations

• Rapid uptic in Psychosomatic illness rates
• Some 20,000 people a year killed due to Road Rage
• Some 15 of the population is Clinically
  Depressed, people Dropping out
• People are becoming Technology Luddites, Grasping
  at Teddy Bears , Huge uptic in Religiosity
  world wide, Al Quieda is a Luddite Organization
• Increasing numbers of Sociopaths and Psychopaths
  increasingly technically Empowered to create
  Destruction

43
Sample Individual Destructive Capabilities

• Bio , including against Human regulatory/immune
  system, via Nano vectors
• Information Operations/ IT
• EMP
• Fab Lab produced Weapons writ large
• Robotic Delivery
• Vulnerabilities determinations
• PPB/PPT Chemical Endocrine Disruption

44
Rise of the Machines

• Machine Intelligence approaching Human via
  Biomimetics and perhaps emergence
• Autonomous Robotics
• Creating increasing unemployment manufacturing
  , now service, soon Intellectual
• Humans becoming Cyborgs Retinas, hearts, limbs,
  brain chips, .
• Emergence of a Global Sensor Grid and a Global
  Mind Web 3.0

45
Sample Data Sources - Emerging Global Sensor
Grid Everything becoming a net-worked sensor

• Safety/Security Sensor Nets
• Smart buildings roads,other smart
  Infrastructures
• Overheads/Sats
• Cell-phone sensors
• Mini-Cams
• Smart Appliances, clothes,other smart Products
  e.g. Shoes
• Military sensor nets

• RFID/Nano Tags
• Near Space 75K-350K ft sensors
• Sensors on transportation devices
• Bio sensors including in situ/in vivo/toilets
• Scientific sensor nets
• Populace observations contributions
  communicated via internet

46
AI (AND BEYOND) COMPUTING
Human Brain Characteristics/Capabilities

• 100 billion neurons
• 100 trillion connections
• 200 calculations/second, (slow) speed of neural
  circuitry
• 20 million billion calculations/second
• Excellent at (parallel-computing) pattern
  recognition, poor at sequential thinking
• Operates via random tries
• Currently, 2 million billion calculations/second
• By 2012, 20 million billion is available (by
  2025, on a PC)

Machine Capabilities
47
Machine Intelligence

• Approaches
• Experiential - Behavior Based/learning (neural
  nets/other Soft Computing - genetic algorithms,
  fuzzy logic,etc..)
• Nano-section/replicate brain in Silicon
• Emergence
• Should produce Artificial/Cyber life which will
  possibly-to-probably be sentient but will not be
  anthropomorphic

48
IBM Blue Brain Project

• 10 year project started 5 years ago to
  nano-section the neo-cortex and replicate it in
  Silicon.
• Now , 5 years into it, director projects a human
  level machine intelligence in 10 years, Many
  project such for 20 plus years out.
• In the Runup, Machine Intelligence is becoming
  VERY GOOD, e.g. enables Avatars for on-line
  instruction in lieu of Teachers.

49
Human Vs. General Intelligence

• Human Intelligence - A result of evolution, each
  constitutive element capable of/adopted
  forsolution of an Immediate Problem in the
  Hunter-Gatherer Context.No overall/High Level
  Plan, Constrained by available 200 Hz
  biological Neurons.Higher Level Intelligence
  wholly Emergent.Humans are a non-central and
  non-optimal special case of Intelligence
  Yudkowsky
• General High Level Intelligence - Not
  constrained by/restricted to bit-by-bit immediate
  / evolutionary problem solution accretion. Higher
  Level/General Intelligence Designed in,
  Ab-initio .Overall - an opportunity to Do it
  right.

50
UnEmployment

• We are in a Jobless Economic recovery,Large
  numbers of jobs missing
• Some 1/3rd of the missing jobs went out of the
  country Globalization/outsourcing of WHITE
  COLLAR/Service jobs
• Rest of the jobs Disappeared due to
  ever-improving Automation/Robotics/IT.Then year
  very few-to-no jobs the machines cannot do.
• The machines create wealth,cost of goods on a
  rapid downward spiral
• The OUTLOOK -Continuing rapid erosion of high
  level employment,No Human Unique jobs in the
  offing,What the people will do all day a
  serious issue.

51
Productivity Improvements, Impacts of
Automation, Robotization and Machine Intelligence
upon Human Employment

• Already largely Automated - Manufacturing, Bank
  Tellers, Gas Station Attendants, Telephone
  Operators, Software, Billing Clerks
• Next-in-line - Check Out Clerks, Pilots Air
  Controllers, Health Workers, Teachers, Soldiers,
  Attorneys, Accountants, Engineers
• Beyond/Emerging - Invention/Creative Activities

52
Example - Automated Invention

• Steve Thalers Creativity Machine AKA Imagination
  Engine
• A trained neural net is deprived of all rational
  input
• Dreams, apparently as people dream, producing
  multitudinous new combinations/ideas
• A critic neural net evaluates these ideas for
  various problems/metrics
• Quite successful, good Track Record, many other
  suchNOW

53
When Industrialization first occurred there were
fears of massive unemployment which never
happened, Why will the integration of robots into
the workforce be any different?
We didnt create a second intelligent species
150 years ago, now we are doing that with
intelligence that will get better and
better Marshall Brain, Author Robotic Nation
54
In Thirty Years it is likely that virtually all
of the intellectual work that is now done by
trained human beings such as Doctors, Lawyers,
Scientists, or programmers can be done by
computers for pennies an hour. Artificial General
Intelligence is likely to eliminate almost all of
todays decently paying jobs. AGI-09,
Washington D.C., 09
55
With ever more efficient technologies for
communicating and processing information, the
boundary between brain and external aids for
thinking will practically disappear, so that
computers and communication interfaces will feel
as if they are an integral part of our
personality. In the longer term, the effacing of
borders between brain and computer will likely
lead to an effacing of the border between
individual, computer-supported brains, leading to
the emergence of a collective mind or global
brain, an integrated thinking, conscious being
with an overall world view and sense of
purpose. Millennium 3000 Study - United Nations
Univ., 2001
56
Humans Becoming Cyborgs

• Cochlear Implants
• Artificial Retinas
• Artificial Hearts
• Direct brain-to-prosthetic limb communication
• Brain Chips To fix defective Brains now, brain
  augmentation being worked, then year probably
  cannot compete without the latest Brain Chip
  Installed

57
Interesting Times.Projected Within Some 25
years-

• Increases in human life span of 1 year/year
• Machine Intelligence approaching-to-beyond human,
  Networked Global Sensor Grid/Global Mind
• Individual Bio, IO, Nano capability to take
  down the species, Warming CO2, Methane,
  Albedo, land use
• Machines/Robotics take-over Employment, produce
  wealth for EVERYONE,Molecular Manufacturing
• Humans become Cyborgs far more than today Brain
  and Body
• Revolutionary Energy Sources/Storage
• Nearly everything goes VIRTUAL

58
Positive Societal Effects of Emerging Techs

• Increased Life Span
• Solutions to climate, water, food, land, energy
• Continued decreases in Cost of goods
  Robotics/ Molecular Manufacturing, solutions to
  wealth disparities
• Massive on and off-board brain augmentation, a
  Global Mind, Gods Eye View/Knowledge
• Prosumer/ Individual Independence Electronic
  off-grid homes, tele-everything

59
Worrisome-to-Existential Impacts of Emerging Techs

• Increasing vulnerability of Brains and Electrons
  in general
• Loss of Meaningful Employment
• Reducing standards of living
• Destabilization of population due to rapid tech
  changes, ludditism
• Massive INDIVIDUAL Destructive Power IO/IW,
  Bio,Nano,.

60
An Observation.

• Nearly all of the Existential issues discussed
  are Longer Term, Strategic vice tactical.
• Governments and society in general are
  essentially Terminally Tactical, only respond
  to issues when there is a serious smoking gun,
  not before. Much of this is the Boiling Frog
  Syndrome, Not at all clear these issues will be
  worked in time.

61
Human Evolution?

• BODY
• Wet Electrochemistry
• Plus
• Repair/Replacement
• Augmentation
• Other than Wet E/C

• MIND
• Wet Electrochemistry
• Plus
• Off Board Adjuncts
• On Board Adjuncts
• On/Off Board Computer

62
Who says our descendants have to be made out of
meat?
Marvin Minsky,AI Lab,MIT
63
Over the Million plus years of Human Evolution as
the Dominant Animal on the Planet we have had to
work to feed ourselves.It now appears that we
will create/develop machines that will be MUCH
more productive than us and create Massive
Wealth, relieving us of the need to work- this
will be a MASSIVE Sea Change in the Human
Existence Theorem
64
Where it is all going Results of
Human-Engendered Evolution

• Much longer lives
• Merging with the machines, physically mentally
• Via machine productivity, end of have/have nots
• Redefinition of Human Existence Theorem away from
  work toward ?
• God-like Intelligence via global brain sensor
  grid
• Serious Threats Empowered Individuals, climate/
  environment, electron/bio vulnerabilities,
• Off-Grid/ tele- everything living , Prosumers
• Needs for Cities go away

65
Some Post REAL Work possibilities

• Make Work Pay folks to do things Already
  ongoing
• Perpetual vacation Wherever you want to go
  via 5 senses VR, not limited to reality
• Personal quests for whatever interests you
• Hanging out/ lurking in the Global Brain,
  Gods-Eye view of anything/ everything
• The Arts..

66
Then Year - not an issue of us vs. them the
machines, we are rapidly merging THE MAJOR
ISSUE, Possibility of Better than human machine
intelligence, will result in better than
historical humans OR ,taken another way,
human contaminated machines
67
Then Again In the late 1800s there was great
consternation that Manhattan Island would in
15-20 years disappear under some 20 feet of Horse
Manure Saved by the Internal Combustion
Engine As the Russians say We will live and
we will see