What is Artificial Intelligence? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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What is Artificial Intelligence?

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What is Artificial Intelligence? Depends on your perspective... Philosophical: a method for modeling intelligence Psychological: a method for studying human cognition – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: What is Artificial Intelligence?


1
  • What is Artificial Intelligence?
  • Depends on your perspective...
  • Philosophical a method for modeling intelligence
  • Psychological a method for studying human
    cognition
  • Engineering a set of methodologies for building
    complex programs

2
  • Philosophical Perspective a method for modeling
    intelligence
  • How do you define intelligence?
  • ideal syllogisms...laws of thought...logic
  • need for embodiment? mind-body duality
    (Descartes)
  • physical brain required? Chinese Room experiment
  • Symbol Systems Hypothesis (Simon and Newell)
  • grounding, mechanization, novelty, adaptiveness,
  • free will? soul? animal intelligence?
  • operational definition acting intelligent
  • Turing test what is the correct measuring stick?
  • no contact, response characteristics, news,
    humor, gender...
  • Eliza, chatter bots, Loebner prize, Deep Blue

3
  • Psychological Perspective a method for studying
    human cognition
  • strengths
  • perception, ambiguity, interpretation
  • ill-formed problems weighing multiple criteria
  • judgement, common-sense, expertise
  • insight, analogy, Eureka effect
  • weaknesses
  • calculations
  • limited, selective, and maleable memory
  • confirmation bias role of emotions?
  • behaviorism vs. info-processing metaphor (I/O,
    internal rep)
  • connection to language
  • Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (verbal representations)
  • concepts, intension/meaning, maps, skills,
    automation

4
  • Engineering Perspective a method for building
    complex programs
  • need more than just C or java (or OOP)
  • search algorithms, inference techniques, methods
    for dealing with uncertainty...
  • knowledge-based programming
  • Feigenbaum In the knowledge is the power
  • high-level programming languages, expressiveness
  • expert systems, logic, McCarthy
  • real-world knowledge bases, ontologies, Cyc
  • intelligent agents decision-making
  • control theory, cybernetics, Kalman filters
  • decision theory Bayes, Markov

5
  • Relationships of AI to other fields
  • Economics
  • rational decision-making satisficing (Simon)
  • Mathematics
  • computability Godels Incompleteness Theorem
    logic and number theory Leibnitz
  • Neuroscience
  • neural networks, Minsky
  • connectionism, distributed representations,
    grounding
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