Basic photography - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Basic photography

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Basic photography Art, composition, and computer principles AEE 211 February 24, 2003 Overview Basic composition Mood and atmosphere Qualities of a good photo ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Basic photography


1
Basic photographyArt, composition, and computer
principles
  • AEE 211
  • February 24, 2003

2
What makes these images effective?
3
Overview
  • Basic composition
  • Mood and atmosphere
  • Qualities of a good photo
  • Basic composition
  • Improving composition
  • Working with the computer
  • Files
  • Scanning
  • Printing

4
Creating mood
  • Overall feel of a picture
  • Created by
  • Perspective
  • Color
  • Focus (isolation and distance)
  • Weather and light
  • Sunrise/sunset
  • Misty, rainy days
  • Sun vs. overcast

5
Characteristics of a good photo
  • Shape
  • Line
  • Pattern
  • Texture
  • Size and space

6
Shape
  • Tends to be noticed first, before texture and
    pattern
  • Easiest and most recognizable composition tool
  • Shape helps create a mood/character for the
    picture
  • Search for the unconventional or surprise shape
    in objects

7
Creating shape
  • Common
  • use backlighting to create a silhouette
  • Uncommon
  • side lighting with simple background
  • underexpose to focus on shape vs. color or texture

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Line
  • Lines create
  • Shape
  • Pattern
  • Depth
  • Perspective
  • Line leads the eye
  • Focal point/subject
  • Diagonals
  • S-curves

10
Line creates perspective
  • Lines into the horizon show depth and perspective
    for the viewer
  • Vanishing point
  • Point at which lines converge and vanish in to
    the horizon
  • Place off-center
  • Close-ups decrease perspective while wide-angles
    can exaggerate it

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Pattern
  • Orderly combination of shape, line, or color
  • Pattern can help echo the character of a photo
  • Catching attention
  • Random patterns
  • Slight variation in a pattern
  • Pattern in common places

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Texture
  • Adds realism (sense of touch) to a photo
  • Sharp (hard) light highlights texture
  • Especially important for close-up and b/w shots
  • Side lighting highlights texture
  • Most portraits use front lighting to decrease
    texture on skin

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Using light for depth
  • Sometimes hard light is inappropriate for
    illustrating shape and depth
  • Soft side lighting can give a sense of shape and
    depth without high contrast
  • Portraits
  • Still life
  • When shape/depth is more important that texture

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Size and space
  • 2D pictures distort depth, relative size, and
    distances
  • Include reference item
  • Include parts of the fore- or background
  • Use a frame
  • Be creativemaybe you want to distort

25
Giving perspective
  • LinearLines which converge into the distance
  • Diminishing sizeobjects further away are smaller
  • Aerial perspectiveatmosphere creates haze, which
    lightens objects farther away

26
Depth and perspective
  • Overlapping formsoverlapping objects in a
    picture create depth and distance
  • Selective focusingfocusing on the foreground and
    blurring the background

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Improving composition
  • Rule of thirds
  • Simplicity
  • Angle and perspective
  • Framing

31
Have a strong center of interest
  • Take pictures at different angles with different
    compositions
  • Work around the rule of thirds

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Simplicity
  • One strong center of interest
  • Foreground or background should be simple or
    complimentary to center of interest
  • Include foreground or background for sense of
    isolation, distance, depth, etc.
  • Avoid mergers

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Cut offs
  • Avoiding cutting out parts or wholes of people or
    main subjects
  • Avoiding cutting out the path of a moving object

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Give the object somewhere to go
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Working with angles
  • Low angles
  • Clear sky backdrop
  • Accentuate movement or action
  • High angle
  • Eliminate cloudy sky
  • 45 degree angles will cut glare
  • Avoid centered horizons

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Framing
  • Adds depth
  • Should fit theme
  • Helps subject fill the frame
  • Can block unwanted subjects from view
  • Watch focus on foreground
  • Focus on foreground in landscape
  • Focus on subject in portraits
  • Auto-focus should be centered on main topic
  • OverallDEPENDS ON CAMERA

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Balance
  • Balance color and weight in a picture
  • Formal and informal
  • Symmetrical and asymmetrical

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Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
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Fill the frame
  • Would this picture look better if I was closer?
  • Focus on subject
  • Detail
  • Start far and move closer
  • Fill the frame with objects that fit
  • Long range shots provide depth and perspective

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Digital issues
  • File formats
  • Scanning
  • Printing

62
Native file formats
  • Format used by computer program
  • Retains ability to edit within native program
  • Unreadable on WWW or graphics programs
  • Product families (Adobe, Microsoft, etc.)
  • Examples
  • .ppt, .doc, .mix

63
Nonnative file formats
  • General formats that multiple programs can open
  • .gif, .jpg, .tif, .bmp
  • Formatting cannot be undone within a program
    picture must be reedited
  • Save pictures in both native and nonnative file
    formats

64
Resolution
  • Quality of the pictures on a screen, print, or
    file
  • DPI dots per inch (printer)
  • PPI pixels per inch (screen)
  • More resolution means higher file size
  • Different file types contain more or less
    information (resolution)

65
Resolution and bits
66
Tagged Image File Format
  • Very flexible and can be opened by most programs
  • Saves as pixels
  • Scan as a .tiff or as a native file format if
    possible

67
EPS files (vector)
  • Only some programs use FreeHand, Illustrator,
    CorelDraw
  • Saved as separate images not as pixels no
    resolution lost with resizing
  • Use the Options button under PRINT in PageMaker
    to save as EPS

68
Graphical Interchange Format
  • Great for the WWW
  • 8-bit 256 colors (indexed color)
  • Usually set at 72 pixels for the WWW
  • Allows for transparency
  • NOT used in printing

69
Portable Network Graphic
  • 24-bit (millions of colors)
  • Transparency with jagged edges
  • Alternative to the .gif
  • Newer computer programs only

70
Joint Photographic Experts Group
  • 24-bit color
  • Lossy compression
  • You can usually set your compression here
  • Best for WWW pictures

71
Portable Document Format
  • Embeds all data into a single file
  • Fonts
  • Format
  • Pictures
  • Text
  • Works on any computer with reader
  • Standardizes your document
  • Work on WWW and as attachments

72
Postscript files
  • Will print on any postscript printer
  • Do not need program to output data
  • Print to file
  • Make sure you know what kind of printer you are
    dealing with

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PNG GIF JPG - TIF
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General rules
  • Scan a photo as a .tiff file
  • For web pictures, use .jpg
  • For print pictures, use .tiff or vector format at
    a minimum of 300 dpi
  • When possible, scan/save the picture at the size
    to be used 300 dpi will look poor if enlarged

79
RGB Color
  • Red-green-blue
  • Monitors and scanners determine level of the
    three to put on a pixel
  • Light directly into the eye cannot look the
    exact on paper
  • Out of gamut (cannot be printed in CMYK format)

80
CMYK Mode
  • Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Key (black)
  • Commercially output documents or special printers
  • Four-color printing
  • Process colors
  • Color bounces off object and onto your eye
  • Get a process book or color guide to select
    (Pantone, Tru-Match, Agfa)

81
Comparing the two
  • RGB have smaller file sizes
  • RGB has some features that the other does not
  • Convert between the modes at the end or you will
    lose information

82
Understanding resolution
  • Resolved to our eyes realism and accuracy
  • Printer DPI
  • Monitor bit depth (colors displayable)
  • 72 ppi is good enough for electronic photos

83
Understanding pixels
  • Picture elements (dots) per inch
  • Standard monitor displays 640 by 480 pixels
  • 640 by 480
  • 1024 by 768
  • More pixels requires more RAM, which may mean
    lower bit depth

84
Enlarging with pixels
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