Arsenic toxicology

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Arsenic toxicology
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The King of Poisons
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The Poison of Kings
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Arsenic History
Discovery credited to Albertus Magnus 1250
Dartmouth Center for Environmental HealthSciences
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The Poison of Kings
Cesare Borgia Italy Middle Ages
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Arsenic Facts
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Arsenic Facts
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Arsenic Facts
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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity
• Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity
• Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As3) As2O3
• arsenate (As5) As2O5

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity
• Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
  toxic
• arsenate (As5) As2O5

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity
• Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
  toxic
• arsenate (As5) As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity
• Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
  toxic
• arsenate (As5) As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
• Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
  generally less toxic

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity
• Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
  toxic
• arsenate (As5) As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
• Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
  generally less toxic
• Human exposure

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Arsenic Facts

• Naturally occurring in earths crust gt 200
  mineral species
• soil 3-4 ppm
• water 1 ppb (gt 1000 ppb)
• Atmospheric 1/3 from volcanism 2/3 human
  activity
• Inorganic most prevalent in human toxicity
• arsenite (As3) As2O3 greater absorption, most
  toxic
• arsenate (As5) As2O5
• As0, Ca3(AsO4)2, GaAs, Na2HAsO4, NaAsO2
• Organic soil, pesticides, marine organisms
  generally less toxic
• Human exposure
• Diet -- 80 (poultry, fish, meat, mushrooms),
• air (mining, smelting, fossil fuels),
  groundwater,
• timber treatment, pesticides, semi-conductors
  (GaAs)

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Arsenic Toxicology

• Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
  problems

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Arsenic Toxicology

• Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
  problems
• Proven human carcinogen

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Arsenic Toxicology

• Blisters, skin lesions, gastrointestinal
  problems
• Proven human carcinogen
• skin, bladder, kidney, lung, liver

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Arsenic Exposure Standards

• EPA 10 ppb in drinking water

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Arsenic Exposure Standards

• EPA 10 ppb in drinking water (replaced old
  standard 50 ppb)

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Arsenic Exposure Standards

• EPA 10 ppb in drinking water
• RfD 3 x 10-4 mg/kg/day
• NOAEL 0.009 mg/L
• LOAEL 0.17 mg/L

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Arsenic toxicology case studies
Outside Magazine
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Cancer cluster Churchill Country Nevada
Outside Magazine
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Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000
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Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia
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Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia Expected 2
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Population Churchill County 20,000 Fallon
8,000 Acute leukemia Expected 2 Observed 16
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Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer
underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
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Municipal water supply from basalt aquifer
underneath Rattlesnake Hill, near Fallon
gt 100 ppb As
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Cancer cluster Churchill Country Nevada
Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
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Nevada Cancer cluster other possible etiologies

• Benzene from jet fuel spills
• tungsten, cobalt, EMF from long-range
  transmitter

Moore et al, Archives Pub. Health 2002
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Arsenic Compliance

• 19 million Treatment plant constructed

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Arsenic Compliance

• 19 million Treatment plant constructed
• enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration system

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Arsenic Compliance

• 19 million Treatment plant constructed
• enhanced iron-based coagulation/filtration
  system
• As3 and As5 strongly adsorb to iron oxides

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Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
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Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
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Arsenic in groundwater Bangladesh
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BBC
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UNESCO
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UNESCO
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UNESCO
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UNESCO/BBC
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Small-scale water treatment

• Sono filter composite iron matrix filter

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Questions?