BUILDING AUTOMATION

1
A PRESENTATION ON
BUILDING AUTOMATION
2
BUILDING AUTOMATION
Title
AGENDA

1. INTRODUCTION
2. NETWORKS
3. CONTROLLERS
4. AIR HANDLERS
5. CENTRE PLANT
6. ALARMA SECURITY
7. ROOM AUTOMATION
8. BUILDING BLOCKS
9. CONCLUSION

3
WHAT IS BUILDING AUTOMATION??

• Building automation describes the advanced
  functionality provided by the control system of a
  building.
• BAS core are-
• 1) occupancy schedule
• 2)monitors system performance device failures
• 3)provides email and/or text notifications .
• BAS is often referred to as an intelligent
  building system or a Smart home.

4
BUILDING AUTOMATION ARCHITECTURE
5
NETWORKS

• 1) PRIMARY SECONDARY BUS
• Examples--BACnet, optical fiber, ethernet,
  ARCNET, RS-232,RS-485 or a wireless network
• 2)PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
• ExamplesZigBee
• 3)INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES USER CONTROLLERS
• Examples--analog or digital humidity and
  pressure sensortherlatinum resistance thermometer

6
CONTROLLERS

• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
• PLC's provide the most responsiveness and
  processing power
• System/Network controllers
• System/Network controllers may be applied to
  control one or more mechanical systems such as an
  Air Handler Unit (AHU), boiler, chiller, etc.
• Terminal Unit controllers.
• Terminal Unit controllers usually are suited for
  control of lighting and/or simpler devices such
  as a package rooftop unit, heat pump, VAV box.

7
BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM RISER DIAGRAM
8
AIR HANDLERS

• Most air handlers mix return and outside air so
  less temperature change is needed.
• Analog or digital temperature sensors may be
  placed in the space or room, the return and
  supply air ducts, and sometimes the external air.
  
• Actuators are placed on the hot and chilled water
  valves, the outside air and return air dampers.
• The supply fan (and return if applicable) is
  started and stopped based on either time of day,
  temperatures, building pressures or a
  combination.

9
AIR HANDLERS ACHITECTURER
10
CONSTANT VOLUME AIR-HANDLING UNITS

• The less efficient type of air-handler is a
  "constant volume air handling unit," or CAV.
• CAVs open and close dampers .
• They heat or cool the spaces by opening or
  closing chilled or hot water valves that feed
  their internal heat exchangers.
• Generally one CAV serves several spaces.
• VARIABLE VOLUME AIR HANDLING UNITS
• A more efficient unit is a "variable air volume
  (VAV) air-handling unit," or VAV.
• A VAV air handler can change the pressure to the
  VAV boxes by changing the speed of a fan or
  blower with a variable frequency drive
• Each VAV box supply air to a small space, like an
  office. Each box has a damper that is opened or
  closed based on how much heating or cooling is
  required in its space.

11
VAV HYBRID SYSTEM
Another variation is a hybrid between VAV and CAV
systems.1) INTERIOR ZONES operate as in a VAV
system.2) OUTER ZONES differ in that the
heating is supplied by a heating fan in a central
location usually with a heating coil fed by the
building boiler.
12
CENTRAL PLANT

• A central plant is needed to supply the
  air-handling units with water.
• chilled water system
• hot water system
• condenser water system

13
CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

• Chilled water is often used to cool a building's
  air and equipment. The chilled water system will
  have chiller(s) and pumps

14
HOT WATER SYSTEM

• The hot water system supplies heat to the
  building's air-handling unit or VAV box heating
  coils, along with the domestic hot water heating
  coils (Calorifie) The hot water system will have
  a boiler(s) and pumps.

15
CONDENSER WATER SYSTEM
Cooling tower(s)and pumps are used to supply cool
condenser water to the chillers.
16
ALARMS SECURITY

• Many building automation systems have alarm
  capabilities. Notification can be through a
  computer, pager, cellular phone, or audible
  alarm.
• Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors can be
  used to alarm if levels are too high.
• Refrigerant sensors can be used to indicate a
  possible refrigerant leak.
• Security systems can be interlocked to a building
  automation system. If occupancy sensors are
  present, they can also be used as burglar alarms.
• Fire and smoke alarm systems can be hard-wired to
  override building automation.

17
ROOM AUTOMATION

• Room automation is a subset of building
  automation ,more systems under centralised
  control, though in this case in one room.
• Room automation is corporate boardroom,
  presentation suites, and lecture halls, where
  videoconferencing equipment, video projector,
  lighting control systems,public address

18
ROOM AUTOMATION ARCHITECTURE
19
PROCESSING SYSTEM

• The use of Microprocessors (calculator chips
  Mini computers)
• Architecture
• --Input, Memory, Output, Micrpchip
• --Address bus, Data bus, control bus
• 8 , 16, 32, 64 bits
• Microprocessors microcontrollers

20
ANALOG DIGITAL I/O MODULES
Analog inputs
Control outputs
Display outputs
Digital inputs
Interrupt inputs
Timer / counter inputs
21
I/O M O DU L E

• Interrupt input
• Draw attention of real time system towards
  abnormal situations
• Attends to interrupt and resumes normal work
• Timer / Counter
• Clock input or Gate input to enable/ disable
  timer/counters
• Output of timer/counter can be used as interrupts

22
DISPLAY CONTROL MODULE

• Manual entry sub module
• CRT controller sub module
• LED / LCD control sub module
• Alarm annunciator sub module
• Printer controller sub module

23
BLOCK DIAGRAM
24
SCADA

• Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Systems
• Channel scanning
• Conversion into engineering units
• Data processing

25
S C A D A ARCHITECTURE
26
Title
P L C
27
CONCLUSION

• Opportunities arrive daily to intelligently use
  building automation as more than just a connector
  of brute force comfort generation systems.

• Growing greener application for building
  automation, making all large buildings part of
  the electrical grid.

28
Thank You For
Your
Time
29
Q U E S T
I O N
S??