What do you say? You want to tell someone that you know how

1
What do you say?

• You want to tell someone that you know how to
  swim.
• I can swim.

2
What do you say?

• Reserve a room in a hotel.
• Ex Could I reserve a room for October 25th? Can
  I get a non-smoking room with a king size bed.

3
What do you say?

• You want someone to open the door for you because
  your hands are full.
• Could you open the door, please?

4
What do you say?

• You want to buy some aspirin because you have a
  headache.
• Can I get some aspirin, please.

5
What do you say?

• My tooth really hurts. Give me some advice.
• You should go to the dentist.

6
What do you say?

• Your friend asks you if its OK to drink and
  drive.
• You must not do that! Its illegal and dangerous.

7
What is he saying?
I ________________ buy my wife flowers, but she
likes it when I do.
I ____________ work, or I wont be able to live.
dont have to
have to/ must
8
What do you say?

• Its really cloudy and dark outside.
• It might rain.

9
What do you say?

• Tell your friend your plans for this weekend.
• I might go to the movies. I may study for
  grammar. Maybe I will get some rest.

10
Modal Verbs Review

• ESOL Writing Intermediate
• Shoup

11
Extra Resources for this Unit

• Class Notes to complete at home. (due tomorrow)
• Extra practice workbook handouts to complete at
  home. (due next Monday before the quiz)
• Grammar Sense in the Language Lab
• Class Website online practice

12
Weekly Objectives

• Review and use different modals for different
  purposes
• MODALS can, could, may, might, would, will,
  should, ought to, had better, have to , have got
  to, must
• PURPOSES ability, possibility, permission,
  requests, advice, necessity, prohibition

13
To to or not to to? That is the question.
Ø

• A Should I ______ tell the boss about the
  accounting error?
• B Of course! You have ________ tell her.

to
Only some modal verbs use to. Do you know which
ones?
14
Exercise 1, page 189

• Complete the sentences with to if possible.
• If not, write Ø.
• Do you understand the meaning of each of the
  modal verbs?

15
Lets Check
The only modal verbs that use to ought
to have to have got to

• Ø
• to
• Ø
• Ø
• Ø
• Ø
• Ø
• to
• Ø
• Ø

16
Modal Verb Form Review

• What kind of verb comes after a modal verb?
• Do you conjugate modal verbs?
• Do you use to with modal verbs?

the base verb
Olga can speak English. Olga can speaking
English. XXX Olga can speaks English. XXX
He should be on time. He shoulds be on time.
XXX She has to be on time. (Not a real modal
just acts like one.)
Not real modals!
only 3!
You ought to do your homework. You have to do
your laundry. You have got to clean your room.
17
Dont go to crazy!!!
might to
may to
would to
could to
should to
can to
had better to
must to
will to
18
to or Ø ?
to

• I have ________ go downtown tomorrow.
• Tom must ______ see his dentist.

Ø
19
Exercise 2, page 190

• to or Ø
• Use the chart if youre not sure.

20
Lets Check

• Ø
• Ø
• Ø
• to
• Ø
• to
• Ø
• to
• Ø

21
Whats wrong?

• Can you to help me, please?

Remember Only 3 modals use to ought
to have to have got to
22
Whats wrong?

• I must studying for an exam tomorrow.

Remember modal verbs are followed by the base
form of the verb
23
Whats wrong?

• We couldnt went to the party last night.

go
Remember modal verbs are followed by the base
form of the verb
24
Whats wrong?

• I am have to improve my English as soon as
  possible.

Remember modal verbs are auxiliaries they
dont need any help (be, do, etc)
25
Whats wrong?

• You shouldnt to spend all your free time at the
  computer.

Remember Only 3 modals use to ought
to have to have got to
26
Whats wrong?

• My mother cant speaking English, but she cans
  speak several other languages.

Remember modal verbs are followed by the base
form of the verb we dont conjugate real modals
27
Ask your partner

• Can you speak more than two languages?
• Can you play chess?
• Can you take classes in the summer?
• Could you drive a car when you were 15 years old?
• Could you swim when you were 6 years old?

Were talking about present , future, and past
abilities.
28
can or cant ?
can

• A cat _________________ climb trees, but it
  ___________________ fly.

cant
29
Exercise 4, p. 191

• Complete the sentences with
• can
• cant

30
Lets Check

• cantcan
• cancant
• cancant
• cancant
• cantcan

31
could or couldnt?
could

• When I was a baby I _____________ sleep 16 hours
  a day, but now I cant.
• When I was a baby I _______________ drive, but
  now I can.

couldnt
32
Ask your partner

• What are you going to do tomorrow night?
• Whats the weather going to be like tomorrow?

Were talking about future possibilities.
33
4 ways to express possibility
How do you make these negative?
Which words are modal verbs?
What is maybe?

• I may go shopping this weekend.
• I might go to the movies tomorrow night.
• Maybe I will rent a movie tonight.
• We could go to that new restaurant.

an adverb
dont use this one in negative form
34
Practice twice.

• A What are you going to do tomorrow night?
• B I may _________________. What about you?
• A I might ______________.

35
Practice twice.

• A What are you going to do on Saturday?
• B I could _____. Or, I might ________. What
  about you?
• A Maybe I will _____.

36
Practice twice.

• A What are your plans for after class?
• B Maybe Ill ____. Or, I might ____. And, you?
• A I may ___. Or, I could ___.

37
Giving Permission

• You may have cookies, but only after dinner.
• You can have some cake, but only after you eat
  your vegetables.

38
can, may, or might?(different meanings)

• I ___________ play only one instrument the
  piano. I ________________ play a guitar.

can
cant
ability
39
can, may, or might?(different meanings)

• Tommy , you ______________ stay up until eight
  tonight, but you _________________ stay up past
  that time.

may/can
may not/cannot
giving permission
40
can, may, or might?(different meanings)

• A What are you going to do this evening?
• B I dont know. I _________________ stay home,
  or I __________________ go over to Anitas house.

may/might
may/might
possibility
41
Exercise 8, page 194

• Complete the sentences
• can
• may
• might
• Identify Meanings
• ability
• possibility
• permission

you may need the negative form
choose the correct modal
choose the correct meaning
42
Lets Check

• may / might possibility
• cant ability
• may / can permission
• cant ability Can ability may/might
  possibility
• may not / cannot permission may/can
  permission
• might / may possibility

43
Review What are the different meanings of could?

• I could be home late tonight. Dont wait for me
  for dinner.
• Thirty years ago, when I was a child, I could
  speak Arabic fluently. Now, Ive forgotten a lot.

future possibility
past ability
44
Exercise 9, page 195

• Time
• past
• present
• future
• Meaning
• ability
• possibility

choose the correct time
choose the correct meaning
45
Lets Check

• present possibility
• past ability
• present possibility
• future possibility
• past ability

46
Expressing Possibility with will

• Maybe I will go to the park this afternoon.
• maybe subject will
• I will probably go home after class this
  afternoon.
• subject will probably
• Note will by itself 100

50 chance
70-90 chance
47
Practice twice

• A Tonight I could ___. Or, I might ____. What
  about you?
• B I may _____, but Ill probably _____.

48
Practice twice

• A In the future, I might ____. But, Ill
  probably ___.
• B Yeah, maybe Ill _____. Or, I could ____.

49
Whats missing?
Practice.
May I

• _______________ please borrow your pen?
• _______________ use your dictionary please?
• _______________ please see your notes?

Could I
Can I
This is how you ask permission.

• Possible Answers
• Sure.
• Certainly.
• Of course.
• Yes.
• Im sorry, but

50
Exercise 13, pages 197 - 198

• Use
• can I
• could I
• may I
• Use
• help
• leave
• speak
• take

51
Lets Check

• May/Could/Can I speak
• May/Could/Can I speak
• May/Could/Can I speak
• May/Could/Can I help
• May/Could/Can I speakMay/Could/Can I take
• May/Could/Can I speakMay/Could/Can I leave
• May/Could/Can I speak

Now practice each conversation twice with your
partner.
52
He needs help. What should he say?
53
What should he say?
54
What is she saying to her daughter?
55
How do we make requests?

• Would you please open the door?
• Could you carry this please?
• Will you please take me home?
• Can you answer the phone please?

• Possible Answers
• Sure.
• Certainly.
• Yes.
• Of course.
• Im sorry, but

56
Make requests.

• Use
• Could you
• Would you
• Will you
• Can you
• Use
• Sure.
• Certainly.
• Of course.

57

• A The phone is ringing and my hands are full.
  _________________?
• B _________.

58

• A Im trying to study, but the radio is too
  loud. ______________________?
• B _______________.

59

• A Im trying to listen to the news on
  television, but I cant hear it. __________?
• B ___________.

60

• A Im out of shampoo. When you go to the store,
  _____________?
• B _________.

61
Ask your partner

• I want to do something fun this weekend. What
  should I do?
• I want to watch a funny movie. What should I
  watch?
• I want to eat something delicious for dinner.
  Where should I go?

62
Video

• What advice does he give students to improve
  their English?
• Have you done all 5 before?

63
Giving Advice
should

• You ______________ get some rest.
• You ______________ ask your teacher.
• You ______________ pay your bill!

ought to
had better
64
Correct or Incorrect?

• You shouldnt go to that restaurant.
• You ought not go to that restaurant.
• You had better not go to that restaurant.
• Should I go to Tokyo on vacation?
• Ought I to go to Tokyo on vacation?
• Had I better go to Tokyo on vacation?
• You should maybe go home.

65
Exercise 20, page 204

• Correct the errors
• should
• ought to
• had better

66
Lets check

• wears ? wear
• should to ? should
• ought paying ? ought to pay
• Youd had better to ? Youd better
• dont should? shouldnt
• Youd to better not leaving ? Youd better not
  leave
• ought found ? ought to find

67
Practice twice.

• A I dont feel good. I think Im getting a cold.
• B Thats too bad. Youd better___.
• A Thats probably a good idea.
• B You should also___.
• A Okay. I will. And, I suppose Id better not
  ____.
• B No, youd better not do that if youre getting
  a cold.

68
Practice twice.

• A My English isnt progressing as fast as Id
  like. What should I do?
• B You should ___. Thats really important when
  youre learning a second language.
• A Do you have any other suggestions?
• B Yes, you ought to____. And, you shouldnt
  _____.

69
Practice twice.

• A My roommate snores really loudly. Im losing
  sleep. I dont know what to do.
• B Maybe you should ___.
• A I already tried that and it didnt work.
• B Well, youd better ____.
• A Maybe. I guess I really ought to _____.

70
Practice twice.

• A I forgot my dads birthday yesterday. I feel
  terrible about it. What should I do?
• B Well, youd better _____. And, you should
  probably _______.
• A Thats a good idea. I guess I ought to ____.

71
Write down

• 3 things you have to do today
• 3 things you have to do this weekend

72
Expressing Necessity
have to

• I ______________ go to a meeting now.
• We _______________ buy some more soap. Were out.
• You _____________ not drink and drive. Its
  against the law.

have got to
must
Dont forget have to / has to have got to / has
got to
73
Narrative Second Draft

• Attach
• Prewriting
• 1st draft
• Changes I made
• 2nd draft
• (put your name on all pieces)
• Read your 2nd draft to a partner.

74
Lets Read About The Hill Family

• Exercise 25, page 207
• Read the passage.

HW Thur.
75
This family needs a lot of advice. Discuss what
changes they should make.

• What should Mr. and Mrs. Hill do?
• What shouldnt they do?
• What about Kathy?
• What does Mark have to do to change his life for
  the better?

should shouldnt ought to have got to has got
to have to has to had better must
76
Not Necessary or Prohibited?
must not

• You ______________ drink alcohol when you drive.
• You ______________ do your homework, but you
  probably should.
• You ______________ own a cell phone, but most
  people do.

dont have to
dont have to
77
Exercise 26, page 208

• do not have to / does not have to
• or
• must not

78
Lets Check

• doesnt have to
• must not
• doesnt have to
• must not
• must not
• dont have to
• dont have to
• must not
• dont have to
• must notdont have tomust not

79
Read 1 on page 209
Advice, Possibility, and Necessity should,
shouldnt, ought to, had better, had better not,
could, have to, not have to, have got to, not
have to, must, must not

• Discuss it with your partner using the modals
  above.

80
Read 2 on page 209
Advice, Possibility, and Necessity should,
shouldnt, ought to, had better, had better not,
could, have to, not have to, have got to, not
have to, must, must not

• Discuss it with your partner using the modals
  above.

81
Read 3 on page 209
Advice, Possibility, and Necessity should,
shouldnt, ought to, had better, had better not,
could, have to, not have to, have got to, not
have to, must, must not

• Discuss it with your partner using the modals
  above.

82
Review Exercise 43, pages 220 - 222

• Dont do 1, 2, 4, 8, 13, 17
• Do 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18,
  19, 20, 21

83
Lets Check

• 3 - a
• 5 - c
• 6 - b
• 7 - c
• 9 - c
• 10 - b
• 11 - b
• 12 - a

• 14 - a
• 15 - b
• 16 - b
• 18 - c
• 19 - a
• 20 - c
• 21 - a

84
Practice twice.
Whats the meaning?
future possibility

• A What are you going to do tomorrow night?
• B I may _________________. What about you?
• A I might ______________.

85
can, may, or might?(different meanings)
Whats the meaning?

• I ___________ play only one instrument the
  piano. I ________________ play a guitar.

can
cant
ability
86
Practice twice
Whats the meaning?
future possibility

• A In the future, I might ____. But, Ill
  probably ___.
• B Yeah, maybe Ill _____. Or, I could ____.

87
Whats the meaning?
request

• A Im trying to listen to the news on
  television, but I cant hear it. __________?
• B ___________.

88
can, may, or might?(different meanings)
Whats the meaning?

• Tommy , you ______________ stay up until eight
  tonight, but you _________________ stay up past
  that time.

may/can
may not/cannot
giving permission
89
Practice twice.
Whats the meaning?
advice

• A I forgot my dads birthday yesterday. I feel
  terrible about it. What should I do?
• B Well, youd better _____. And, you should
  probably _______.
• A Thats a good idea. I guess I ought to ____.

90
Practice twice
Whats the meaning?
future possibility

• A Tonight I could ___. Or, I might ____. What
  about you?
• B I may _____, but Ill probably _____.

91
Practice twice.
Whats the meaning?
advice

• A I dont feel good. I think Im getting a cold.
• B Thats too bad. Youd better___.
• A Thats probably a good idea.
• B You should also___.
• A Okay. I will. And, I suppose Id better not
  ____.
• B No, youd better not do that if youre getting
  a cold.

92
Whats the meaning?
request

• A The phone is ringing and my hands are full.
  _________________?
• B _________.

93
Practice twice.
Whats the meaning?
advice

• A My English isnt progressing as fast as Id
  like. What should I do?
• B You should ___. Thats really important when
  youre learning a second language.
• A Do you have any other suggestions?
• B Yes, you ought to____. And, you shouldnt
  _____.

94
Ask your partner
Whats the meaning?

• Can you fold a piece of paper in half more than
  six times?
• 8-14
• P. 192

past, present, and future ability
95
Whats the meaning?
request

• A Im trying to study, but the radio is too
  loud. ______________________?
• B _______________.

96
Practice twice.
Whats the meaning?
future possibility

• A What are your plans for after class?
• B Maybe Ill ____. Or, I might ____. And, you?
• A I may ___. Or, I could ___.

97
Practice twice.
Whats the meaning?
advice

• A My roommate snores really loudly. Im losing
  sleep. I dont know what to do.
• B Maybe you should ___.
• A I already tried that and it didnt work.
• B Well, youd better ____.
• A Maybe. I guess I really ought to _____.

98
Practice twice.
Whats the meaning?
future possibility

• A What are you going to do on Saturday?
• B I could _____. Or, I might ________. What
  about you?
• A Maybe I will _____.

99
can, may, or might?(different meanings)
Whats the meaning?

• A What are you going to do this evening?
• B I dont know. I _________________ stay home,
  or I __________________ go over to Anitas house.

may/might
may/might
possibility
100
Whats the meaning?
request

• A Im out of shampoo. When you go to the store,
  _____________?
• B _________.

101
What do you say?

• You want to tell someone that you know how to
  swim.
• I can swim.

102
What do you say?

• Tell your friend your possible plans for this
  weekend.
• I might go to the movies. I may study for
  grammar. Maybe I will get some rest.

103
What do you say?

• Reserve a room in a hotel.
• Ex Could I reserve a room for October 25th? Can
  I get a non-smoking room with a king size bed.

104
What do you say?

• You want someone to open the door for you because
  your hands are full.
• Could you open the door, please?

105
What do you say?

• You want to buy some aspirin because you have a
  headache.
• Can I get some aspirin, please.

106
What do you say?

• My tooth really hurts. Give me some advice.
• You should go to the dentist.

107
What do you say?

• Your friend asks you if its OK to drink and
  drive.
• You must not do that! Its illegal and dangerous.

108
What is he saying?
I ________________ buy my wife flowers, but she
likes it when I do.
I ____________ work, or I wont be able to live.
dont have to
have to/ must
109
What do you say?

• Its really cloudy and dark outside.
• It might rain.