BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

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BLOODBORNEPATHOGENS

• Oklahoma City Community College
• Annual Update Training Course

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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSOSHA Standard (29 CFR
1910.1030)

• Provides Requirements Of Employers.
• Requires Identifying At-Risk Employees.
• Requires Training For At-Risk Employees.
• Requires Retraining Within 365 Days.
• Requires HBV Vaccination Opportunity.
• Requires A Written Exposure Control Plan.

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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

• What Are They?
• What Do They Mean To You?

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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

• Bloodborne Carried By And Lives In Human Blood
  (Or Other Body Fluids Or Substances).
• Pathogen A Micro-Organism (Virus, Fungus, Or
  Bacteria) That Can Cause A Disease.

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TYPES OF PATHOGENS

• Virus A Parasitic Microscopic Protein Material
  (DNA Or RNA) Covered By An Envelope Of
  Lipoprotein. Nonliving.
  
• Bacteria One-Celled Living Organism.
• Fungi Single And Multi-Celled Plants.
• Yeast One Celled , Oval Shaped Fungus.
  
• Mold A Growth Of Fungi.

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ILLNESSES CAUSED

• Virus Measles, Colds, Mumps, Influenza, Polio,
  Hepatitis A, B, C, HIV, Meningitis, Herpes, And
  Others.
• Bacteria Hepatitis, Whooping Cough, Malaria,
  Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Etc.
• Yeasts Molds Meningitis Others

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HOW PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY

• Through Alimentary Canal.
• Through Parenteral Openings.
• Through Mucous Membranes.
• In Mouth, Nose, And Eyes.
• By Sexual Contact.

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SYMPTOMS OF HEPATITIS

• Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused
  by certain viruses and other factors.
• Flu-like, fatigue, appetite loss
• Colon ulcers and inflammation
• Lung disease, anemia
• Jaundice and/or liver problems
• Fever, acne, and joint pain.

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Hepatitis A Virus

• Cannot be identified from other hepatitis forms
  without testing.
• Acquired primarily through the fecal-oral route.
• Can be spread up to 2 weeks before symptoms
  appear.
• Can be stable for up to 18 months.
• Heating foods above 180º F. for 1 minute will
  kill.
• A 110 solution of household bleach is a good
  and inexpensive disinfectant.
• Practice good hand washing procedures.

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Hepatitis B Virus

• Acute phase occurs shortly after exposure to the
  virus.
• Chronic phase is an infection that lasts longer
  than 6 months.
• About 90-95 of infected people are able to fight
  off the virus so it never becomes chronic.
• Most common serious liver infection in the world
• Mainly a disease that affects young adults.
• Is a preventable disease.

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Hepatitis C Virus

• Infects approximately 36,0000 persons each year
  in the U.S.
• Spread primarily by exposure to human blood
  (sharing needles, blood transfusion, etc.).
• 70 of HCV carriers will develop chronic liver
  disease, regardless of whether they have
  symptoms.
• No vaccine yet exist for HCV.

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Tuberculosis

• Bacterial infection of respiratory system.
• Transmitted by airborne mist droplets or
  particles.
• Some develop into multi-drug resistant forms.
• Healthcare workers persons working with large
  numbers of people are most susceptible.

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Tuberculosis Symptoms

• Persistent productive or non-productive cough.
• Loss of appetite.
• Fatigue, listlessness, malaise.
• Fever and night sweats.
• Weight loss.

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TuberculosisTreatment

• Suspected victims should be tested.
• Caregivers must wear PPE.
• Many drugs for treatment.
• Very important to follow prescribed treatment to
  completion!

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HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

• Spread by exchange of human blood or human blood
  products.
• Attacks bodys immune system.
• May take years before symptoms appear.
• Usually develops into AIDS.
• Less contagious than HBV.

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SYMPTOMS OF HIV

• Rapid weight loss.
• Dry cough.
• Fever and night sweats.
• Fatigue.
• Swollen lymph glands.
• Diarrhea that last for more than a week.
• Memory loss, depression and other neurological
  disorders.

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PREVENTION TECHNIQUES

• HBV Vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin shot
• Engineering controls.
• Work practice controls.
• Personal protective equipment.
• Universal precautions or body substance isolation.

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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS

• TREAT ALL HUMAN BLOOD AND OTHER POTENTIALLY
  INFECTIOUS MATERIALS (OPIM) AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE
  OF CONTAMINATION AND INFECTION.

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Universal Precautions Body Fluids

• Human blood or products made from human blood.
• Saliva in dental procedures.
• Semen/vaginal secretions.
• Fluids surrounding body organs.
• Any fluid containing human blood.
• Any unidentifiable body fluid.

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Body Substance Isolation Fluids

• Nasal Secretions.
• Sputum.
• Sweat Or Tears.
• Vomitus.
• Feces.
• Urine.

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HBV VACCINE

• Employer must provide at-risk employees
  opportunity to take vaccine.
• Employee must take shots OR sign a Declination
  Form.
• Three shots over six months.
• 95 effective few after-effects.
• HBIG Shot after exposure.

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ENGINEERING CONTROLS

• Any physical device or equipment used or
  installed to prevent occupational hazard
  exposure, illness, or injury.
• Examples Gloves, Eye Wash Stations, Sharps
  Containers, Broom And Dust Pan.

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WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS

• The process and procedures used to assure work is
  conducted in a safe and healthy manner
• Washing hands after wearing gloves, never reuse
  or recap needles, always wear eye protection.
• Never clean up broken glass with hands.
• Minimize splashing, spraying of droplets
  (coughing/sneezing).
• No eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics,
  or handling contact lenses where there is risk of
  contamination.
• Wash hands often and in the prescribed manner.
• Proper decontamination and sterilization

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• LATEX GLOVES
• GOWNS
• APRONS
• FACE SHIELDS
• MASKS
• GOGGLES
• HARD HATS

• STEEL TOED BOOTS
• RUBBER COATS
• RUBBER BOOTS
• CPR MICROSHIELD
• RESPIRATORS
• SCBA GEAR

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HOUSEKEEPING

• Keep work area clean, dry, and uncluttered.
• Routinely inspect equipment.
• Follow Exposure Control Plan to clean spills or
  releases.
• Keep storage areas free from hazards.
• Properly label and handle hazardous materials and
  hazardous waste.

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BIOHAZARD WASTE DISPOSAL

• Sharps put nothing but needles, broken glass,
  knives, scissors, etc in a sharps container.
• Sharps container must be leak proof, labeled or
  color coded, and never fill more than 2/3 full.
• Biohazard bags must be florescent red, or if
  another color, labeled with black symbol on red
  background.
• Treat laundry as waste until washed.

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POST-EXPOSURE PROCESS

• Call emergency response. Report exposure or
  suspected exposure to Supervisor.
• Minimize exposure of others by isolating affected
  area.
• Wear appropriate PPE if providing assistance.
• Disinfect yourself immediately.
• Clean and disinfect accident area.
• Dispose of regulated waste in prescribed manner.

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REPORT INCIDENT IMMEDIATELY

• Fill out the Confidential Needlestick/Sharps
  Injury or Exposure to Body Fluid Report Form
  Determine and include the source of blood.
• Describe events in as much detail as possible.
• Submit report to the Office of Risk Management.

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POST-EXPOSURE TESTINGOF VICTIM

• Requires victims approval.
• May keep drawn blood for 90 days.
• Test results available to employer.
• All test records are protected and confidential.
• Release requires victims written approval.

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POST-EXPOSUREMEDICAL CARE

• If work related must be provided by employer.
• Only the victims medical records pertaining to
  the incident may be viewed as part of the
  follow-up.
• Written report due to employer from health
  professional within 15 Days.

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CAUTIONS AND REMINDERS

• Always wear gloves!
• Never touch others blood or OPIM unless
  absolutely necessary!
• Do not attempt to help beyond skill or expertise.
• Comfort victim and keep still as possible.
• If bleeding victim is conscious, let victim
  control blood flow.

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QUESTIONS???

• Contact Risk Management/Environmental Health and
  Safety at 405-682-7857 or email Coordinator at
  lvaughan_at_occc.edu.