Emerging Clean Coal Technologies: Limiting the Environmental Impact of Coal Power Generation

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Emerging Clean Coal Technologies Limiting the
Environmental Impact of Coal Power Generation
Michael SlandersOffice of Clean Energy
Systems, US Department of Energy
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Presentation Overview

• US/World Electricity Outlook
• Clean Coal Technologies as a Solution
• Meeting RD Challenges 1. Gasification 2.
  Advanced Combustion 3. Carbon Capture and
  Storage
• Demonstrating Clean Coals Potential 1.
  FutureGen 2. Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI)

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U.S. WorldElectricity Outlook
U.S.
World

• 41 increase from 2005-2030

• 85 increase/yr. from 2004-2030

Challenge Meet the increasing national/worldwide
demand while addressing global climate change
Sources International Energy Outlook, 2007 Fig.
60 Annual Energy Outlook, 2007 Fig. 53
2006 Table 8
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Clean Coal Technologiesas a Solution

• Near-Zero Emissions - Remove all environmental
  concerns over the use of coal with regard to
  criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas
  emissions (CO2)
• Emerging Clean Coal Technologies (CCT) -
  Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
  (IGCC) - Ultra-Supercritical Combustion -
  Oxy-fuel Combustion
• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) - Stabilize
  greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through
  safe and permanent sequestration

RD Challenges 1. Limit Environmental
Impact 2. Improve Cost, Efficiency,
Reliability
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Clean Coals Path to Near-Zero Emissions
Carbon Capture and Storage
Capture
Storage
AdvancedCombustion
FutureGen
CCPI
Large-Scale Field Tests
Core RD Program
Advanced Turbines
Fuel Cells
Fuels
IGCC
Carbon Sequestration
Advanced Research
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Overview ofAdvanced Gasification

• Partial oxidation rather than complete combustion
• Formation of a combustible syngas that can be
  cleaned of potential pollutants
• Combined Cycle power generation (combustion
  steam)
• Hydrogen production
• Marketable byproducts

Advanced Gasification Features
IGCC Flow Diagram, Source Colorado School of
Mines
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Meeting Gasification RD Challenges
Emerging Technologies IGCCLimiting
Environmental Impact 1. Develop high-temperature
syngas shift technologies for hydrogen
combustion Improving Cost, Efficiency,
Reliability 1. Lower technology capital
costs - Gasification - Air Separation
Units - Hydrogen Turbines - Fuel Cells
IGCC Power Plant, Polk County. TECO Energy
2. Develop membrane technologies for H2/CO2
separation 3. Demonstrate near-zero IGCC
feasibility at large-scale 4. Reduce
maintenance/operation costs
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Overview ofAdvanced Combustion
Advanced Combustion Features

• Capable of enhancing existing power generation
  facilities
• Reliable processes and generation methods
• Higher efficiencies
• Lower specific emissions

Oxy-Fuel Flow Diagram, Source www.ccsd.biz
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Meeting Advanced CombustionRD Challenges
Emerging Technologies Ultra-supercritical Ox
y-fuelLimiting Environmental Impact 1. Enhance
current flue gas cleanup - Flue Gas
Desulfurization (SOx) - Selective Catalytic
Reduction (NOx) - Electrostatic Precipitation
(PM) 2. Develop advanced low NOx
burners Improving Cost, Efficiency,
Reliability 1. Reduce the costs of -
High-temperature and high-strength materials
- Large-volume CO2 capture 2. Enhance
low-cost membrane technologies for Air Separation
Units 3. Demonstrate at large-scale
Emissions from Coal Power Plants
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Meeting Carbon Capture and StorageRD Challenges
Emerging Technologies Capture- Advanced Selexol,
Membranes, Advanced CO2 Compression Sto
rage- Geologic Formations, Enhanced Oil
Recovery Limiting Environmental Impact 1.
Monitor sites to insure permanent storage 2.
Develop sequestration options most suited for
particular regions - Regional
Partnerships - Carbon Sequestration
Leadership Forum (CSLF) Improving Cost,
Efficiency, Reliability 1. Improve capture
methods 2. Demonstrate at large-scale
Geologic Sequestration Paths
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Demonstrating Clean Coals Potential FutureGen

• Objectives of the FutureGen Project
• Integrate IGCC, CCS, and hydrogen production
  technologies to gain acceptance of the near-zero
  emissions coal concept
• Prove the effectiveness, safety, and permanence
  of large-scale CO2 sequestration
• Validate the engineering, economic, and
  environmental viability of coal-based near- zero
  emission technologies for commercial readiness
  by 2020.

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Demonstrating Clean Coals Potential CCPI
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Summary Remarks

• Coal will continue to play a large role in
  domestic/worldwide power generation
• Clean Coal Technologies offer the potential for
  coal power production with near-zero emissions
  and limited environmental impact
• While ultra-low emission technologies have been,
  and will continue to be, demonstrated, RD
  currently focuses on improving performance
  efficiencies and reducing costs through
  technology advances
• Further large-scale projects such as FutureGen
  and those demonstrated in CCPI are needed to
  gain acceptance of clean coal technologies
  ability to achieve near-zero emissions.

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Technology Improvements to Meet Challenges
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Polk Emissions Improvements
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Wabash Emissions Improvements
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National SO2 Emissions
1989-91 2004-06
Source http//www.epa.gov/castnet
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DOE Budget by Organization