RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A SECURITY TACTIC: AN EMERGENCY MANAGERS PERSPECTIVE

1
RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A SECURITY TACTICAN
EMERGENCY MANAGERS PERSPECTIVE

• WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
  WORKSHOP
• JUNE 22, 2005

2
IT IS NOT THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW, BUT . . . . .
.

• 60 billion in damage from climate-related
  disasters
• Europes summer heat wave cost 10 billion
• Flooding in China, 8 billion
• Tornadoes in the Midwest US, 3 billion
• Losing about 100,000 lives per year and about
  100 billion a year from disasters

3
WEATHER IN 2004

• Record 10 typhoons in Japan
• First hurricane ever in South America
• Insurance costs topped 40 billion
• Fourth warmest year since worldwide records began
• First time for four hurricanes hitting one state

4
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REPORT

• "An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its
  Implications for United States National
  Security," by Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall
• Global warming could lead to slowing of the
  ocean's thermohaline conveyor, leading to
• Harsher winter weather conditions
• Reduced soil moisture
• More intense winds
• Diminished world food production

5
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS A MUST

• With inadequate preparation, the result could be
  a significant drop in the human carrying capacity
  of the Earth's environment, according to the DOD
  Report.
• By 2007 violent storms could make large parts of
  the Netherlands uninhabitable and lead to a
  breach in the aqueduct system in California
• Europe and the US could become virtual fortresses
  with millions of migrants from rising sea levels
  or drought 
• Catastrophic shortages of potable water and
  energy could lead to widespread war by 2020.

6
PREDICTIONS SHOWDISASTER MITIGATION A MUST

• More droughts
• More floods
• Ice cap in the Arctic melted 4,800 cubic miles of
  water, 1965-1995 (Lakes Superior, Erie, Ontario,
  and Huron)
• Going to extremes paradoxes
• Rising ocean and atmospheric temperatures
• Retreating ice caps and glaciers
• Disappearing lakes in Siberia
• Rising sea levels
• Changing ecosystems
• Sustainable development

7
CLIMATE CHANGE, CLEAN ENERGY, AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT

• Rising temperatures
• Carbon dioxide emissions
• Heat trapping gas emissions
• Need for environmental standards
• World Bank funded power projects
• G8 Meeting in Scotland in July, 2005
• UK Prime Minister Tony Blair Chairs and Supports

8
G8 MEMBERS

• US
• UK
• FRANCE
• GERMANY
• ITALY
• JAPAN
• RUSSIA
• CANADA

9
HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS

• IMF estimates the economic costs of WTC attack
  reduced US GDP by 0.75 percent or 75 billion in
  2002
• Insurance losses for that event range from
  30-60 billion
• Even Ford Motor Company lost 30 million
  through supply chain disruptions when the border
  was closed

10
PRIVATE SECTOR/ECONOMIC IMPACT

• 80 of nations assets owned by private sector
• 43 of businesses suffering disaster never reopen
• Of those that do reopen, only 29 are still
  operating in two years
• 93 of companies that lose IT for more than nine
  days - file for bankruptcy in one year 50
  percent, immediately
• 69 of businesses hit by terrorist attacks never
  reopen

11
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

• Recent hazardous material accidents raise
  concerns
• Approximately 800,000 shipments of such
  substances travel daily throughout the United
  States by
• ground
• rail
• air
• water
• pipeline

12
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC,
January 28, 2005.

• "Although nearly all of these materials safely
  reach their destinations, many are explosive,
  flammable, toxic, and corrosive and can be
  extremely dangerous when improperly released."
• Move "over, through, and under areas that are
  densely populated or populated by schools,
  hospitals, or nursing homes, where the
  consequences of a release could cause severe
  injury, death, environmental damage, and economic
  loss."

13
RECOMMENDATIONS

• Route away from densely populated areas
• Use HazMat Emergency Events Surveillance data
  and other databases to determine where most
  releases occur
• Revise emergency response plans to include a
  community-based public education campaign
  detailing
• proper evacuation
• shelter-in-place
• decontamination procedures
• Employ public warning systems, public shelters,
  and practice drills.

14
RECOMMENDATIONS CONTINUED

• Ensure HazMat handlers receive continuous job
  safety training and have appropriate personal
  protective equipment
• Ensure emergency medical service and hospital
  emergency department personnel have the guidance
  to plan for and respond to HazMat incidents
  involving human exposure.
• Emphasize the importance of preventive
  maintenance for equipment and vehicles used in
  HazMat transport

15
HAZ MAT GOOD NEWS

• Implementation of these recommendations
• to reduce morbidity and mortality from
  transit-associated HazMat releases can be
  accomplished by
• Government
• Private organizations
• First responders

16
BLACKOUTS

• Almost two years after a blackout darkened the
  northeastern United States
• Created an international disaster
• The country's power grid is still as susceptible
  to outages
• The industry managed to get back online rapidly

17
RESULTS

• 12 billion plus economic cost
• Air conditioning went out
• People were trapped in subways and elevators
• Planes were grounded and traffic lights went dark
• Cell phones didn't recharge
• New York, Cleveland, Toronto and Detroit lost
  most of their power
• 50 million people
• 18.9 million lost work hours in Canada alone

18
VULNERABILITY RECOGNIZED

• The power grid is everywhere
• Vulnerable to attacks, leaving millions without
  power
• Every power line, every transformer, every
  transfer station cannot be defended
• The grid is so large
• Attacks that would disrupt power, leaving it off
  for more than a few days, are difficult to
  envision

19
PROBLEM

• Employee mistakes
• Age of the country's grid
• Weak maintenance
• Faulty monitoring equipment
• Breakdown in communications
• "(The country has) been spending less and less
  money on our energy infrastructure every year
  since 1990."
• Stephen Hein, vice president of corporate
  communications for Trion Energy Systems

20
CONTINUING CONCERNS

• Unprotected transmission lines
• Knot holes" - areas where large amounts of
  power move through small systems
• Public rotates between near panic, high concern,
  and then comfortable complacency
• 440 Civil Nuclear Reactors in 30 countries, cover
  66 of worlds population, produce 16 of world
  electricity
• Extreme temperatures bring requirements for more
  electricity and power
• Cyber attacks and vulnerabilities

21
RECOMMENDATIONS

• The North American Electric Regulatory Council
  (NERC)
• Self-regulatory organization monitoring utility
  industry
• System-wide audits after blackout
• 17 recommendations
• NERC Rules are voluntary
• Major conclusion cause was preventable

22
QUOTES

• "It shows us we have tied together so many
  systems to build a high quality life, and that
  creates its own vulnerabilities."
• James Gilmore, the former Virginia governor,
  chairman of a terrorism panel formed by Congress.

23
ANOTHER QUOTE

• New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson, former
  energy secretary
• "In my view we're the world's greatest superpower
  but we have a Third World electricity grid."
• "We have antiquated transmission lines. We have
  an overloaded system that has not had any new
  investments and we don't have mandatory
  reliability standards on utilities, which caused
  this problem."
• National standards are needed to prevent
  utilities from having more power than they can
  absorb. It's as simple as that."

24
TRENDS

• WE ARE USING TWICE AS MUCH ENERGY AS 20 YEARS AGO
• POLLUTION IS A GROWING CONCERN
• BUSINESS COMMUNITY HAS TO LEAD
• SOME STATES PROVIDE INCENTIVES
• FEMA RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM
  (REP)
• TECHNOLOGY IS AVAILABLE AND READY
• RENEWABLE ENERGY

25
FUTURE ISSUES

• Standards enforceable by the Federal Energy
  Regulatory Commission
• Intertwined security vulnerabilities of Canada
  and US
• US and Canada have working
• 1. secure the common 5,500-mile border
• 2. protect vital power, a pipelines, railways,
  roads and bridges
• 3. defense is incomplete
• China is expected to increase its nuclear power
  production by 450 in next 15 years

26
OIL AND GAS

• National Contingency Plan names EPA the lead
  federal response agency for oil spills in inland
  waters
• U.S. Coast Guard is the lead response agency for
  spills in coastal waters and deepwater ports
• Oil spills peril is not such an imminent threat
  for the public, but the affects on the
  environment are enormous which impacts the public
  over time

27
US COAST GUARD ROLE

• Responsible for implementing the Oil Pollution
  Act
• Responsible for vessels, deepwater ports, and
  the marine transfer components of
  transportation-related onshore facilities which
  include some inland areas
• Provides on-scene coordinator
• Designates zones manages the National Response
  Center
• Maintains the National Strike Force, used for
  major marine pollution incidents
• Acts as the fund manager for the Oil Pollution
  Liability Trust Fund

28
I HATE TO MENTION IT, BUT

• OVERPOPULATION
• ANOTHER 58 MILLION IN US BY 2025
• WORLDWIDE, WE GROW ANOTHER NYC EVERY 6 WEEKS
• 1 BILLION EVERY 12 YEARS WORLDWIDE, UP TO 9
  BILLION BY 2050
• 30,000 CHILDREN DIE EVERY DAY IN DEVELOPING WORLD
• UNIMAGINABLE PRESSURES ON ENERGY SYSTEMS

29
THE WAY FORWARD

• Need redundancy
• Back up
• Replicable
• Need vital appropriations for renewable energy
  programs -- we have lots of work to do because
  reductions of 24 million proposed
• ENERGY PLANNING ON A GLOBAL BASIS
• My Personal Favorite is Solar Energy!!!

30
NEW TECHNOLOGIES

• WTC attacks showed that only a few cell phone
  services provided the only form of communications
• Safety all plants linked worldwide
• Arms Proliferation security of environment and
  protection from terrorism compatible
• Cost cutting
• Waste monitoring

31
RENEWABLE ENERGY TO THE RESCUE

• Biomass -- ethanol, bio-diesel, biomass power,
  industrial process energy
• Geothermal -- use the heat of the earth for
  direct-use applications, heat pumps, and
  electrical power production
• Hydrogen -- produced from hydrocarbons, water
  and, when burned as a fuel, or converted to
  electricity, it joins with oxygen to again form
  water
• Hydropower -- hydroelectric power facilities can
  generate enough power to supply 28 million
  households with electricity
• Ocean -- energy of ocean waves, tides, as well as
  thermal energy
• Solar -- use the sun's energy and light to
  provide heat, light, hot water, electricity,
  cooling, for homes, businesses, and industry.
• Wind -- uses energy in wind for generating
  electricity, charging batteries, pumping water,
  grinding grain

32
ENERGY EFFICIENCY

• Buildings -- solar energy and geothermal heat
  pumps
• Industry -- uses more than one-third of all the
  energy used in US
• Power -- Technologies maximize efficient
  generation, transmission, and storage of energy
• Transportation -- 65 of U.S. oil consumption and
  predominant source of air pollution

33
WINSTON CHURCHILL SAID IT BEST

• THIS IS NOT THE END.
• THIS IS NOT EVEN THE BEGINNING OF THE END.
• THIS IS SIMPLY THE END OF THE BEGINNING.

34
IN CLOSING

• WE CAN DO BETTER
• WE MUST DO BETTER
• EVERYBODY HAS TO ACT
• THANKS TO COG FOR LEADING THE WAY!

35
KAY C. GOSS, CEM

• VICE PRESIDENT FOR HOMELAND SECURITY
• ELECTRONIC DATA SYSTEMS CORPORATION (EDS)
• FORMER ASSOCIATE FEMA DIRECTOR
• KAY.GOSS_at_EDS.COM
• 703-736-4052