HUMANITIES ART DESCRIPTION and APPRECIATION

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HUMANITIESART DESCRIPTION and APPRECIATION
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• It is an 3-unit course where a student will learn
  how to value self-expression through art. This
  course will also guide the learners in the world
  of painting, music, theater, dance, literature,
  architecture, and interior design. This course
  will enlighten the students that art is not only
  for the chosen few but also for every individual,
  who wants to be well-rounded, matured and
  refined.

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HUMANITIES

• A versatile subject which consists of the seven
  arts painting, sculpture, architecture, music
  and dance, literature, theater and cinema. These
  seven arts are the branches of learning that will
  help you understand the study of humanities.
• It comes from the word humanus meaning humane,
  cultured and refined. To be human is to posses
  the qualities and attributes of man and have the
  feelings and dispositions proper to man. It is
  also a study of the different cultural aspects
  analyzes mans frailties in life and how this can
  be improved.
• Culture basically includes speech, knowledge,
  beliefs, arts, technologies, ideals and rules. To
  be cultured means to be refined and well-versed
  in the arts, philosophy and languages. It is also
  a means of misunderstanding man and his affairs.

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ARTS

• Art is very vital in our daily existence. The
  arts the concrete evidences in the study of
  humanities. The body of arts consists of ideas,
  beliefs and values of the past, present and even
  of the future. It comes from the Aryan root word,
  AR which means to join or to put together. The
  Latin terms ARS means everything that is
  artificially made or composed by man. According
  to Leo Tolstoy, art is a means of union among
  all men, a means of communication. To Aristotle,
  art has no other end but itself. All arts are
  patterned on nature. It is also the right reason
  for making things.

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Scope of Humanities

• The humanities is a many-faceted subject. It
  consists of the visual arts, literature, drama
  and theater, music and dance.

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1. The visual arts are those we perceive with our
eyes. They may be classified into two groups

• Graphic arts-two-dimensional surface.
• This term covers any form of visual artistic
  representation especially painting, drawing,
  photography, etc.
• Plastic arts-three-dimensional surface.
• This group includes all fields of visual arts in
  which materials are organized into
  three-dimensional forms like architecture,
  landscape architecture, interior design,
  sculpture crafts, industrial design, dress and
  costume design, theater design, etc

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2. Literature is the art of combining spoken or
written words and their meanings into forms which
have artistic and emotional appeal.

• Drama - a story re-created by actors on stage in
  front of an audience.
• Prose Fiction includes narratives created by an
  author as distinguished from true accounts.
• the use of geometrical shapes and forms.
• Ex. Pablo Picasso The Three Musicians
• Nude in a Rocking Chair
• George Brake Violet and Palette

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• Essay a non-fiction expository writing ranging
  from informal, personal topics to closely
  critical treatments of important subjects.
• Poetry highly expressive nature using special
  forms and choice of words and emotional images.
  Narratives includes epics, romance and ballads
  and lyric forms includes the sonnets, ode, elegy
  and song.
• Miscellaneous are history, biography, letters,
  journals, diaries, and other works not formally
  classed as literature.

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3. Music an art of arranging sounds in rhythmic
succession generally in combination. Melody
results in this sequence and harmony from the
combinations. It is a creative and performing
art.
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• Groups
• Vocal Music composed primarily to be sung.
• Instrumental Music is written for instruments
  of four general types
• Keyboard (piano, keyboard, and organ)
• Stringed (violin, cello, guitar, ukulele, banjo)
• Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe, piccolo, English
  horn, bassoon)
• Brass winds (saxophone, trumpet, French horn,
  trombone)

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Music combined with other arts

• Opera - drama set to music. It is mostly or
  entirely sung with an orchestral accompaniment.
• Operetta and Musical Comedy a drama set to
  music but is light popular romantic often
  humorous or comic. It uses spoken dialogues.
• Oratorio and Cantata sacred musical drama in
  concert form based from biblical accounts and
  made of recited parts with orchestral
  accompaniment.

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4. Drama and Theatre A drama or play is a story
re-created by actors on a stage in front of an
audience.
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• Types of Drama
• Tragedy serious in nature in which the central
  character comes to some sad and disastrous ending
  and also portray.
• Melodrama the emphasis is on the action rather
  on the character. Action is a happy ending.
• Types of Melodrama
• Romantic Comedy light amusing tales of lovers
  in some dilemma which is finally solved happily.
• Farce light humorous play whose emphasis is on
  the jokes, humorous physical actions, ludicrous
  situations and impossible characters.
• Comedy of Manners drawing room comedy is
  sophisticated and sometimes satirical. It uses
  witty dialogues and characters are usually high
  society types and situations are unreal.

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5. Dance involves the movement of the body and
the feet in rhythm.
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• Types of Dances
• Ethnologic include folk dancing associated with
  national and cultural groups.
• Social or Ballroom Dances popular type of
  dancing generally performed by pairs.
• Ballet a formalized type of dance which
  originated in the royal courts of the middle
  Ages. They may be either solo or concerted dances
  and generally built around a theme or story.
• Modern are sometimes called contemporary
  interpretative dances and represents rebellion
  against the classical formalism of ballet. It is
  a personal communication of moods and themes.
• Musical dances dances performed by soloists,
  groups, choruses in theatres, nightclubs, motion
  pictures, and television. It combines various
  forms of ballet, modern, tap, and acrobatics.

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Methods in Presenting Art Subject

• 1. Realism presentation of subjects as it is.
  It is also the portrayal of objective reality.
• Ex. Audrey Flack Queen
• Gustace Courbet The Stone-Breaker
• 2. Abstraction it means to move away or to
  separate. The artist is more concerned about the
  presentation of a part or a portion of a subject.

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Types of Abstraction

• Elongation subjects are lengthened or stretched
  out.
• Ex. El Greco the Resurrection
• St Martin and the Beggar
• Distortion subjects are in a mishappen
  condition
• Ex. Henry Moore Recumbent Figure
• Cubism the use of geometrical shapes and forms.
• Ex. Pablo Picasso The Three Musicians
• Nude in a Rocking Chair
• George Brake Violet and Palette

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3. Fauvism emphasis on pleasure the artists are
non-conformists. Colors are not realistic and are
mostly bright.

• Ex. Henry Matisse The Joy of Life
• The Dance

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4. Dadaism from the French word DADA which
means hobby-horse and a movement meant to shock
the public.

• Ex. Marcel Duchamp Fountain
• Idealistic and subscribed to the ideas of
  liberty, freedom, justice, and equality.
• Ex. Juan Luna Spollarium

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5. Romanticism rich and filled with emotion.

• Ex. Eugene Delacroix Liberty Leading the
  People

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6. Impressionism is concentrated on the artists
impression of the moment.

• Ex. Claude Monet Sunrise
• Eduord Manet The Beat Waitress

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7. Espressionism based on non-rational and
emotional concepts

• Harsh, morbid, brutal, introspective
• Free distortion of form color through which the
  painter gives visual form to inner sensations or
  emotion.

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8. Surrealism based from the Freudian Theory
Psychoanalysis aimed to bring the elements of
subconscious to the surface.

• Ex. Salvador Dali Persistence of Memory

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Kinds of Subjects

• Landscapes, seascapes, cityscapes these are
  artworks that show the physical environment.
• Still Life groups of inanimate objects arranged
  in an indoor setting such as objects as dishes of
  food on a dining table, pots and pans on a
  kitchen table, etc...
• Animals the earliest known paintings are
  representations of animals.
• Portrait is a realistic likeness of a person in
  sculpture, painting, drawing, or print.
• Figures is the traditional chief subject of
  artists showing the human body, nude or clothed.
• Everyday Life this is the artists observation of
  people going about their usual ways, performing
  their usual tasks.
• History and Legend shows a significant scene in
  the past legend pictures the mysteries behind
  the folk stories.
• Religion and Mythology arts are used to instruct,
  to inspire feelings of devotion and to convert
  non-believers many artists have been inspired by
  the beauty and magic of mythological characters.
• Dreams and Fantasies a dream may be of lifelike
  situation it may be realistically represented,
  but if the figure suggests the strange, and the
  absurd, we would right away classify it a dream
  picture.

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Painting

• The art of applying color or other organic or
  synthetic substances to various surfaces to
  create a representational, imaginative or
  abstract picture or design.
• The earliest known paintings were executed on the
  walls of caves and rock shelters some 30,000
  years ago during Paleolithic period. Some may be
  seen in Western Europe, Southern and Saharan
  Africa and Australia.

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Elements of Painting

• Line it is a mans own invention extension of
  a point.
• Vertical lines power, stability, strength
• Horizontal lines relaxation, calmness, at
  peace, laziness
• Diagonal lines movement
• Curve lines graceful movements, fluidity,
  flexibility
• Shape it is an area of flat surface enclosed by
  a line.
• Texture it refers to the feel or tactile
  quality of a surface of an object the roughness
  or smoothness of an object.
• Size it is smallness or largeness of an object.
• Color it a series of wave lengths which strike
  our retina. Spectrum consists of different
  colors red, orange, blue, indigo and violet.

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Physical Property of Colors

• Hue is a quality which gives color its name. the
  color of the spectrum are therefore called hues.
• Value is the lightness or darkness of color.
• Intensity is the strength of the colors hue.
  Brightness or dullness of color.

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Classification of Colors

• The Primary Colors are the original colors which
  cannot be derived from any color combination.
  They are red, blue and yellow.
• The Secondary Colors are the combination of two
  primary colors. They are green, orange, and
  violet.
• The Tertiary Colors are the combination of both
  the primary and secondary colors. They are yellow
  green, yellow orange, blue green, blue violet,
  red orange, and red violet.
• The Complementary Color scheme is composed of one
  of the primary colors and the combination of two
  others. For example, the complementary color of
  red is green, made by mixing yellow and blue.
• Analogous colors are three neighboring colors in
  the color wheel one distinct color among them.

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Color interpretation

• Cold colors winter, spring, not aggressive in
  hue
• Warm colors summer. Fall, friendly in character
• Red excitement, danger, war, heat, anger,
  aggressive
• Orange autumn, warmth, movement, can be
  disagreeably hot in effect
• Green spring, summer foliage, safety, coolness,
  restful and pleasant
• Yellow sun, warmth without heat
• Blue coolness, happiness, pleasure, popular
  with men
• Purple coolness, royalty
• Cool colors dignity, formality
• Warm colors informality, excitement
• Pink femininity
• Black mourning, sorrow, death
• White purity, innocence
• Brown humbleness, nobility

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Mediums of Painting

• Pigment is that part of the paint which
  supplies the color, is fine powder ground from
  some clay, stone, or mineral extracted from
  vegetable matter.
• Encaustic a medium that combines dry pigments
  with the heat-softened wax and in modern times.
  Resin
• Tempera earth or mineral pigments mixed with
  egg yolk and egg white. Since the paint dries
  quickly, corrections are difficult to make.
• Fresco is the application of earth pigments
  with water on a plaster wall while the plaster is
  still damp. Color then sinks into the surface and
  becomes an integral part of the wall.
• Watercolor is tempered paint made of pure
  ground pigment bound with gum Arabic. It gives a
  delicate luminous texture to the painting.
• Oil the pigment is mixed with linseed oil
  applied to primed canvas. It is flexible. Oil
  paints are slow to dry and the painting can be
  changed and worked over a long period of time.
• Acrylic synthetic paint using acrylic polymer
  emulsions as binder are the newest mediums and
  the ones that are widely used by todays
  painters. They dry quickly like the watercolor
  and also flexible like the oil. They do not tend
  to crack, turn yellow or darken with age.

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Art Related to Painting

• Mosaic it is related to painting only because
  it creates pictures on flat surfaces. They are
  wall or floor decorations made of small cubes of
  irregularly cut pieces of colored stones or glass
  called tesserae.
• Stained Glass a translucent glass colored by
  mixing metallic oxides into the molten glass or
  by fixing them onto the surface of the clear
  glass. The glass is then cut into shapes and
  assembled into the desired image and held
  together by strips of lead.
• Tapestry are fabrics into which colored designs
  have been woven.

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Paintings in Lascaux Cave
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Hieroglyphics idea of Frontalism
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SCULPTURE

• it is a three-dimensional artwork, an art of
  producing objects in relief or in the round out
  of hard materials by means of chisel, carved
  work, art of molding In clay or other paste
  materials, figures or objects to be later cast in
  bronze or other metals or plaster of Paris.
• Sculpture (Latin sculpere, to curve),
  three-dimensional art concerned with the
  organization of masses and volumes. The art or
  practice of shaping figures or designs in the
  round or relief

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Mediums of Sculpture

• Clay a very fine-grained soil that is plastic
  when moist but hard when fired.
• Ice is the name given to one of the 14 known
  solid phases of water. It is a crystalline solid
  which can appear transparent or opaque bluish
  white color.
• Marble a metamorphic rock resulting from
  regional or rarely contact metamorphism of
  sedimentary carbonate rocks, either limestone or
  dolostone.
• Ivory is ideal for decorative art because it is
  hard, close grained, and takes carving and dyes
  well. its durable, many specimen survive and
  provides clues into the art.
• Wood can make many forms, from a tree to a
  house, from a piece of furniture to a door, from
  something functional to something sculptural.

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ICE
CLAY
MARBLE
IVORY
WOOD
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Kinds of Sculpture

• Relief these are the sculptures which are
  identifies as embossed sculptures in which images
  are set against a flat background.
• Alto relievo (Italian for high relief) the
  figures are sculptured partly or wholly in the
  round, that is, they project entirely, or almost
  entirely, from the surfacr of the block in which
  they are cut.
• Basso-relievo(Italian for low-relief French,
  bas-relief) is a form of surface-ornamentation in
  which the projection is very slight.
• Free-Standing this is the kind of sculpture in
  the round such as statues and monuments which are
  either scaled or done in life size.
• Kinetic or Mobile Sculptures these are
  identified as moving sculptures which in some
  cases are suspended in air to move.
• Processes in Sculpture
• Molding this is the additive wherein the
  building up of form is done to complete the
  artwork.
• Carving this is the subtracting method wherein
  the removal of the unnecessary portions of the
  material used is done.
• Fabrication this is the putting-together-process
  wherein welding is an example.
• Casting this is setting up the negative mold in
  order to produce the positive mold.

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Historical Background of Sculpture

• Pre-Historic Sculpture
• the primitive people produced the so called
  fertility statues. It has been described as
  giving emphasis on the female sexual attributes.
  It emphasizes the womens wide hips and opulent
  breasts. Primitive men made this for fear of
  extinction and it will remind them to go on and
  on to produce more offspring.

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• Egyptian Sculpture
• the sphinx is the most popular piece in Egypt.
  It is a huge sculpture which is described as the
  human head with a body of a croaching lion. The
  head of the Sphinx is symbolic of the pharaoh,
  the mighty reler of Egypt, and the body of the
  croaching lion is symbolic of the mighty country
  Egypt. Therefore it symbolizes the mighty
  strengths and protective power of Egypt.

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• Greek Sculpture
• the Golden Age of Athens was the complete
  fulfillment of the term classic for it was the
  culmination of the ideals of the time and of the
  ancient world as well. It falls into four
  classes
• Sculptures created without regard to their
  ultimate location or method of display. Free
  standing.
• Statues identified as kore otherwise known as
  female standing sculpture.
• Statues identified as kouros otherwise known a
  male standing sculpture.
• Sculptures designed as ornaments for specific
  positions.

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• Roman Sculpture
• Given the Etruscan descendant of naturalism,
  Roman portraiture set an early standard of
  excellence that became the model for the whole
  Western tradition. It falls into two classes
  portraits and historical relief. Both reflect the
  highly developed Roman taste of realism.

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• Baroque Sculpture
• A restless, dynamic style with its diagonals and
  floating curved lines, its striking chiaroscuro,
  and its sensuous textural effects. Gian Lorenzo
  Bernini was the Baroque artist par excellence.
  His known sculpture is the Ecstasy of St.
  Therese.

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Ecstasy of St. Therese
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• Byzantine Sculpture
• Sculptured relief during the Byzantine was used
  to adorn magnificent palaces and churches. It is
  the richest expression of Christian dogma.

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• Renaissance Sculpture
• It showed some traces of classical influence in
  the pulpits of the Cathedrals of Pisa and Sienna.
  The great master of this period is Michaelangelo.
  His masterpiece was the Pieta today a treasure
  of St. Peters in Rome.

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Pieta
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ARCHITECTURE The art and science of building and
erecting buildings.

• History of Architecture
• When did man start building houses?
• From caves, to branches, to wigwarms, huts,
  concrete houses, etc.

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The Stonehenge

• Stonehenge, a circular arrangement of large
  stones located near Salisbury, England, was a
  ritual monument for prehistoric peoples. It was
  built between 3000 and 1000 BC. Little is known
  about Stonehenges function, but many scholars
  believe that its structure allowed its builders
  to predict solstices, equinoxes, eclipses, and
  other events of the solar calendar.

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The Roman Colosseum

• Colosseum, largest and most famous ancient Roman
  amphitheater. The structure was originally called
  Flavian Amphitheater. Modifications and
  restorations necessitated by fires and
  earthquakes were made to the Colosseum until the
  early 6th century. In succeeding centuries the
  Colosseum suffered from neglect, earthquakes, and
  damage done by builders. Still, slightly more
  than one-third of the outer arcades, comprising a
  number of the arches on the north side, remain
  standing. The seating capacity of the Colosseum
  is believed by modern scholars to have been about
  50,000.

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The Pyramids of Giza

• The ancient Egyptians built more than 90 royal
  pyramids, from about 2630BC until about 1530 BC.
  During that time, the pyramid form evolved from a
  series of stepped terraces that resembled the
  layers of a wedding cake to the better known,
  sloped pyramidal shaped. The first pyramid, the
  Step Pyramid at Saqqarah, was constructed during
  the reign of King Djoser (2630 BC-2611 BC). The
  largest pyramid is the one built for King Khufu,
  at the site of modern Giza. Khufus pyramid,
  known as the Great Pyramid, is the only one of
  the Seven Wonders of the World that still
  survives.
• Egyptian pyramids served as tombs for king and
  queens, but they were also places of ongoing
  religious activity. After a ruler died, his or
  her body was carefully treated and wrapped to
  preserve it as a mummy. According to ancient
  Egyptian belief, the pyramid, where the mummy was
  placed, provided a place for the monarch to pass
  into the afterlife. Encarta

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The Parthenon

• Stands at the very heart of the Acropolis of
  Athens, Greece. It was built in honor of the
  Goddess of Wisdom, Athena.

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The Greek Architecture

• The Greek Orders

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The Doric order

• The Doric order originated on the mainland and
  western Greece. It is the simplest of the orders,
  characterized by short, faceted, heavy columns
  with plain, round capitals (tops) and no base.
  With only four to eight diameters in height, the
  columns are the most squat of all orders. The
  shaft of the Doric order is channeled with 20
  flutes. The Ionic order came from eastern Greece,
  where its origins are entwined with the similar
  but little known Aeolic order. It is
  distinguished by slender, fluted pillars with a
  large base and two opposed volutes (also called
  scrolls) in the echinus of the capital. The
  echinus itself is decorated with an egg-and-dart
  motif. The Ionic shaft comes with four more
  flutes than the Doric counterpart (totaling 24).
  The Ionic base has two convex moldings called
  tori which are separated by a scotia.

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The Corinthian order

• Is the most ornate of the Greek orders,
  characterized by a slender fluted column having
  an ornate capital decorated with acanthus leaves.
  It is commonly regarded as the most elegant of
  the five orders. The most distinct
  characteristics is the striking capital. The
  capital of the Corinthian order is carved with
  two rows of leaves and four scrolls.

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The Composite order

• Is a mixed order, combining the volutes of the
  Ionic order with the leaves of the Corinthian
  order.

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The Architecture Design

• Byzantine
• The Golden Age of Byzantine Architecture was
  under the rule of Justian in 527-565. It was
  during the period that the most famous examples
  of all Byzantine Architecture was built, the
  Hagia Sophia. The Hagia Sophia was rebuilt from
  532 to 537 after the previous church was
  destroyed by riots. This church has some unique
  features which became the patterns for Byzantine
  Architecture for years after.
• The style of the Hagia Sophia or Church of Divine
  Wisdom was to have a large dome in the middle of
  the structure. The dome has a unique form in that
  it rest on 4 massive pillars which are arranged
  in a square. The dome remained the main focus of
  the Byzantine.

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• The Romanesque
• Romanesque Art and Architecture, arts and
  architecture of western Europe from about AD 1000
  to the rise of the Gothic style, in most regions
  by the latter half of the 12th century, in
  certain regions somewhat later.

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• Gothic
• Gothic Architecture is a style of architecture,
  particularly associated with cathedrals and other
  churches, which flourished in Europe during the
  high and late medieval period. Beginning in
  twelfth century France, it was known as the
  French Style (Opus Francigenum) during the
  period, with the term Gothic first appearing in
  the Reformation era as a stylistic insult.
• The Gothic style emphasizes verticality and
  features almost skeletal stone structures with
  great expanses of glass, ribbed vaults, clustered
  columns, sharply pointed spires, flying
  buttresses. In Gothic Architecture the pointed
  arch is utilized in every location where a
  vaulted shape is called for, both structural and
  decorative. Gothic openings such as doorways,
  windows, arcades and galleries have pointed
  arches.
• Another distinctive feature of Gothic
  Architecture especially in churches and
  cathedrals is the Rose Window (Notre dame). The
  North Rose Window of the Notre Dame Cathedral in
  Paris (1240-1250) was built by Jean de Chelles.
  It is designed in the Rayonnant style, named for
  the radiating spokes in this type of window. The
  center circle depicts the Virgin and Child,
  surrounded by the figures of prophets. The second
  circle shows 32 Old Testament kings, and the
  outer circle depicts 32 high priests and
  patriarchs.

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• Baroque
• Baroque churches were larger in scale that their
  predecessors and their interiors more richly
  decorated with sculpture and paintings.
• Long narrow naves are replaced by broader,
  occasionally circular forms. Dramatic use of
  light, either strong light-and-shade contrasts,
  chiaroscuro effects or uniform lighting by means
  of several windows.
• Opulent use of ornaments (puttos made of wood
  (often glided), plaster or stucco, marble of faux
  finishing).
• Large-scale ceiling frescoes the interior is
  often no more than a shell for painting and
  sculpture (especially in the late baroque).

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• Rococo Style
• Rococo Style, style of 18th-century painting and
  decoration characterized by lightness, delicacy,
  and elaborate ornamentation.
• The word rococo is derived from rocaille,
  meaning rock work or shell work, a favorite
  motif of the time. It stresses purely ornamental,
  light, casual, irregular design.
• The Rococo style is characterized by pastel
  colors, gracefully delicate curving forms,
  fanciful figures, and a lighthearted mood
  (visually and physically). The essence of Rococo
  art is light. Extreme highlights are placed on
  the subject matter and the overall work is light
  in color, effect, and emotion. Artists paid
  special attention to fine detail. Form is
  characterized by delicacy of color, dynamic
  compositions, and atmospheric effects.
•