DEVIANCE AND CRIME

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DEVIANCE AND CRIME
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DEVIANCE AND CRIME

• DEVIANCE BEHAVIOR, BELIEFS OR CONDITIONS THAT
  VIOLATE CULTURAL NORMS
• NO ACT OR BELIEF IS INHERENTLY DEVIANT
• RELATIVE TO TIME AND CULTURE
• SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED

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FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE

• DURKHEIM
• DEVIANCE OCCURS IN ALL SOCIETIES
• DEVIANCE CLARIFIES RULES
• DEVIANCE UNITES A GROUP
• DEVIANCE PROMOTES SOCIAL CHANGE

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MERTONS STRAIN THEORY OF DEVIANCE

• FIVE MODES OF ADAPTATION
• CONFORMITY
• INNOVATION
• RITUALISM
• RETREATISM
• REBELLION

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Typology of Individual Modes of Adaptation
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Strain Theory Anomie
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OPPORTUNITY THEORY OF DEVIANCE

• CLOWARD AND OHLIN THEORY
• ILLEGITIMATE OPPORTUNITIES EXIST IN SOME
  SUBCULTURES
• WHEN LEGITIMATE MEANS ARE NOT AVAILABLE TO
  ACQUIRE SOCIETIES GOALS

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Cultural Deviance TheoryCloward and Ohlins
Theory of Opportunity
MAJOR PREMISE Blockage of conventional
opportunities causes lower-class youths to join
criminal, conflict, or retreatist gangs.
STRENGTHS Shows that even illegal opportunities
are structured in society. Indicates why people
become involved in a particular type of criminal
activity. Presents a way of preventing crime.
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INTERACTIONIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE

• DEVIANCE IS LEARNED THROUGH SOCIAL INTERACTION
• THEORIES
• DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION (EDWIN SUTHERLAND)
• LABELING THEORY

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DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION

• DEVIANCE IS LEANED THROUGH ASSOCIATION WITH THOSE
  MORE FAVORABLE TO DEVIANCE
• LEARNING INCLUDES TECHNIQUES, MOTIVES, ATTITUDES
  AND RATIONALIZATION
• THE ASSOCIATION MUST BE FREQUENT, INTENSE, AND
  LONG LASTING

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Social Learning TheoryDifferential Association
Major Premise People learn to commit crime from
exposure to antisocial definitions.
STRENGTHS Explains onset of criminality. Explains
the presence of crime in all elements of social
structure. Explains why some people in
high-crime areas refrain from criminality. Can
apply to adults and juveniles.
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LABELING THEORY

• FOCUSES ON THE PROCESS NOT THE BEHAVIOR
• DEVIANTS ARE THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY
  LABELED AS DEVIANT
• LABELING DONE BY THOSE IN AUTHORITY
• PRIMARY DEVIANCE
• SECONDARY DEVIANCE

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Primary and Secondary Deviance
THE LABELING PROCESS
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CONFLICT VIEW OF DEVIANCE

• THE POWERFUL USE LAW TO PROTECT THEIR INTERESTS
• LAW IS USED TO CONTROL LOWER CLASSES
• AFFLUENT NOT PROSECUTED AS ARE POOR
• THE POOR AND UNEDUCATED MORE LIKELY TO BE
  ARRESTED AND PROSECUTED

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Conflict Theory
STRENGTHS Accounts for class differentials in the
crime rate. Shows how class conflict influences
behavior.
MAJOR PREMISE Crime is a function of class
conflict. The definition of the law is controlled
by people who hold social and political power.
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CRIME

• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND DEVIANCE
• SOCIOLOGIST CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME
• STREET CRIME PROPERTY AND PERSONS
• OCCUPATIONAL/WHITE COLLAR CRIME
• CORPORATE CRIME
• ORGANIZED CRIME
• POLITICAL CRIME

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Classification of Crime
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The General Theory of Crime
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PURPOSES OF PUNISHMENT

• RETRIBUTION VENGEANCE
• SOCIAL PROTECTION INCAPACITATE
• REHABILITATION REFORM
• DETERRENCE FEAR OF PUNISHMENT

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BENTHAMS PANOPTICAN
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EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY
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EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY, PENN
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ALCATRAZ
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SAN QUENTIN