MODERN/INTERNATIONAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE

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MODERN/INTERNATIONAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE

• Mirrors early 20th century development visual
  arts
• Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau, de Stijl, Bauhaus
• Merging of Aesthetics with functionality
• Louis Sullivan, Walter Gropius
• Mass produced materials, economical, functional,
  efficient society, urban center
• International Style
• Volume
• Regularity
• Avoid Decoration

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Gropius, Bauhaus Headquarters, Dessau, Germany,
1919-25

• Est. 1919-33 Weimar
• Walter Gropius
• Hannes Meyer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Lazlo
  Moholy-Nagy
• Functional, cheap, mass produced
• Utopia

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Fank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), Guggenheim Museum,
New York, NY, 1959

• Early Work
• Prairie Style, Organic architecture, Revival of
  past,
• Year of death
• Spiral (100)
• Unified
• Purity
• Movement
• Competes with/ enhances artwork
• Sculpture

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Wright, Guggenheim Museum Interior

• Resemblance to forms in nature
• Organic Experience
• Defies/Mimics regularity of Intl style

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Le Corbusier (1887-1965), Notre Dame du Haut,
Ronchamps, France, 1950-55

• Charles-Edouard Jeanneret
• Bauhaus inspired
• Sculptural Style
• Hadrians Villa
• Emphasis on Design
• Steel beams mesh
• Destination for Pilgrims
• Praying hands (32 peak)
• Dove
• Outdoor altar

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Interior
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Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy, France,
1928-30

• Steel beams mesh
• Horizontal Vertical
• Five Points of a New Architecture
• Freestanding pilotis
• Open plan
• Horizontal window
• Free façade
• Roof garden

Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1931
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Villa Savoye details
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Mies van der Roe (1886-1969) Phillip Johnson
(1906-2005), Seagram Building, New York, 1958

• German
• Less is More
• New York Buildings
• Lake Shore Drive Apts.
• United Nations Bldg.
• Successful relationship of parts of each and the
  whole
• Skeletal, bronze and Amber windows, set away from
  street, on stilts, weightless/sturdy

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Jorn Utzon, Sydney Opera House, Sydney Australia,
1972

• Reinforced concrete
• Free form system
• Shells, Orange peels
• 222 ft (peak)
• F.L. Wright
• Sculpture
• Rhythm

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Moshe Safdie (1938-), Habitat, Montreal, 1967

• Pre-Postmodern
• Cliffs, Legos, Building Blocks
• Open-air living
• 158 apartments
• Cantilever

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Safdie, Habitat, view from below
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Safdie, Habitat, 67
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Richard Meier (1934-), Douglas House, Harbor
Springs, MI, 1971-3

• New York School (5)
• Eisenman, Hejduk, Graves, Gwathmey
• Wealthy clients
• Neo-Corbusian
• Purist, De Stijl
• Highlights Contrasts with environment
• Has its own presence

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Meier, Douglas House, 1971-3

• Dynamic interplay of lines
• Purified open space

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Meier, Jubilee Church, Rome, Italy, 1998-2003
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Late 19th Early 20th c. Women in Architecture

• Obstacles
• Social standards
• Emphasis on engineering and math
• Julia Morgan
• Hearst Castle, 1922-1939
• Eileen Gray
• E1027, 1924