Major World Religions

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Major World Religions

• SOL WHII.15

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Warm-upHow have the five world religions had a
profound impact on culture and civilization?

• What are some characteristics of the five major
  world religions?

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Monotheism

• Belief in only one God
• Three monotheistic religions
• Judaism
• Christianity
• Islam

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JUDAISM

• Semitic Religion
• Based on the history of Hebrews (who were an
  ethnic group from the Fertile Crescent)
• Hebrew GodYaweh
• Holy TextTorah

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JUDAISM HISTORY

• Hebrews originated in Mesopotamia around the
  Fertile Crescent
• Abrahamcovenant with God
• From there they went to Canaan or Palestine
• Forced to Egyptenslaved
• Moses leads from slavery
• Return to Palestine (present day Israel)believe
  God promised land to them
• David was king who united Hebrew tribes

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JUDAISM-BELIEFS

• Hebrew beliefsreligion of Judaism
• Monotheistic
• Basislaws that governed daily life
• Ten Commandments
• Rabbis
• Diaspora

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JEWISH INFORMATION

• Belief in the messiah
• Mitzvoth
• Branches of Judaism
• Orthodox
• Conservative

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JEWISH RITUALS

• Circumcision
• Bar/Bat mitzvah
• Deathusually no cremation or embalming
• Funeral w/in 1-2 days in wooden casket
• Kippah or Yamekah

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JEWISH HOLIDAYS

• Chanukah
• Rosh Hashanah
• Yom Kippur
• Passover

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Where in the world can we find Judaism?

• Concentrated in Israel, Europe, North America and
  the Middle East

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CHRISTIANITY HISTORY

• Emerged from the Roman Empire
• Emerged as a result of Jesus (Son of God)
• Life of JesusGospels (1st 4 books of New
  Testament)
• Christianity began as a sect of Judaism

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CHRISTIANITY--Jesus

• Jesus-the messiah
• Disciples
• Moved to Jerusalem

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Similarities/Differences in Jesus teaching and
Judaism

• SIMILARITIES
• Monotheistic
• Ten Commandments
• Laws of Moses

• DIFFERENCES
• Jesus is the Son of God
• Jesus is the Messiah
• Jesus could provide salvation and eternal life
  for believers
• Preached forgiveness
• Christians belief in Trinity

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JESUS LIFE

• Feared by Jewish priests
• Feared by Roman leaders
• Betrayed by a disciple
• Arrested by Romans
• Tried by Pontius Pilate
• Condemned and Executed by Crucifixion
• Paulspread Christianity

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Where in the world can we find Christianity?

• Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East

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Warm-up

• Why are the cities of Mecca and Medina important
  to Muslims?

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ISLAM

• Arabian Peninsula-major trade route
• Meccamarket and location of the Kaaba
• Monotheistic Religion
• Medina

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Muhammads Life

• Successful merchant
• Married Kadejah/raised by an uncle
• At 40-met angel Gabriel in a cave while
  meditating
• Was told to spread the word of God or Allah
• Islamsubmission
• Muhammad and followers were forced to leave Mecca

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Muhammads Life (cont.)

• In 622, journey to Medinahijra
• 1st year of Muslim calendar
• In 630,returned to Meccadestroyed statues in
  kaaba
• Spread by caliphs

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Religious Principles

• Monotheistic religion
• God is called Allah
• Holy BookKoran (Quran)
• Judgment Day
• Five Pillars
• Jihad
• Harsh penalties for crimes
• No pork or alcohol

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Five Pillars

• 1. Declaration of Faith
• 2. Daily Prayer
• 3. Alms
• 4. Fasting
• 5. Hajj

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DIFFERENT SECTS

• Sunni Muslims
• Largest group
• Traditional path
• Islamic leader DOES NOT need to be a direct
  descendant of Muhammad
• Elect caliphs based on ability
• Entire Islamic community to be judged on the Day
  of Judgment

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DIFFERENT SECTS

• Shiite Muslims
• Believe that only descendants of Ali should lead
  Islam
• Believe that the Imam is the only person that can
  guide a Muslim to salvation

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RITUALS AND RITES OF PASSAGE

• Celebration of birth
• Men and women usually do not mingle together
• Polygamyup to 4 wives
• Death is marked by simplicity

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Where in the world can we find Islam?

• Located in parts of Asia, Africa, and southern
  Europe

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What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
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Monotheistic Religions
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Monotheistic Religions
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HINDUISM

• No single founder
• No single text
• Religion based on compilation of many beliefs and
  many people
• Hundreds of gods and goddessesMany forms of one
  deity (God)
• Numerous ways to worship

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BASIC BELIEFS

• Polytheistic (some consider it monotheistic?)
• Important gods Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
• Gods can be in human or animal form
• Believe in atman
• Ultimate goal is to reach moksha
• Reincarnation
• Dharmaduties KarmaKnowledge that all thoughts
  and actions result in future consequences
• All life is ranked

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CASTE SYSTEM

• 1. Brahmans
• 2. Kastriyas
• 3. Vaisyas
• 4. Sudras
• 5. Untouchables

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Principles of Hinduism

• Vedas and Upanishads
• Nonviolent
• Cleanliness/ritual bathing (Ganges River)
• Pilgrimage
• Name ceremony for new baby
• Ear piercing ceremony
• Hair cut
• Rite of passage ceremony
• Marriages are arranged
• Cremation at death

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Where in the world can we find Hinduism?

• Located in India and part of Southeast Asia

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Buddhism

• Grew out of Hinduismspread of Buddhism from
  India to China as a result of Asokas
  missionaries and their writings
• Founder Siddartha Gautama
• Gautama was a Prince
• Sheltered in a castlein luxury
• He left the castle and saw suffering
• Meditated beneath a fig tree (48 days)
• Realized causes of sufferingbecame known as
  Buddha-Enlightened One

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Buddhism

• 4 Noble Truths
• Eightfold Path
• Nirvana
• Reincarnation

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Similarities and Differences of Buddhism to
Hinduism

• Similarities
• Honesty
• Charity
• Kindness
• Nonviolence

• Differences
• No formal rituals
• No polytheism
• No god
• Just a spirit of the universe

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Buddhism

• Followers established monasteries/convents
• Birth ceremony
• Dalai Lamamost sacred religious leader within
  Buddhism

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Where in the world can we find Buddhism?

• Located in East and Southeast Asia (China)

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Hinduism/Buddhism
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Create a Map

• Using the map provided please identify the world
  religions
• Color code your map using colored pencils

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Location of the Worlds Major Religions