AYSO Basic Referee Course Day 2

1
AYSO Basic Referee CourseDay 2

• Region xxx
• Your City, Your State

2
Overall Course PlanDay 2

• Fouls and Misconduct Module 10
• Offside (Basic) Module 11
• Referee and Assistant Referee Mechanics 12
• Post Game Module 7
• Understanding the AYSO Game 13

3
Fouls (Law 12)

• Serious (penal) fouls
• E.G., Tripping, holding, or pushing an opponent .
• Result in a direct free kick or penalty kick
• Minor or Technical (non-penal) fouls
• E.G., Dangerous play, impeding an opponent, .
• Result in an indirect free kick
• Misconduct (very rare in U10, U11, rare in U12)
• E.G., Violence, offensive or insulting language,.
• Result in cautions and dismissals

4
MAJOR (PENAL) FOULS

• A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing
  team if a player commits any of the following six
  offenses in a manner considered by the referee to
  be careless, reckless or using excessive force
• Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
• Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
• Jumps at an opponent
• Charges an opponent
• Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
• Pushes an opponent

5
Major (Penal) Fouls

• Holding, spitting, or tackling and contacting the
  opponent before contacting the ball
• Deliberately handling the ball, except
  goal-keeper in own penalty area
• Particularly serious fouls are misconduct
• These are guaranteed to be on exam!

6
Charges, Tackles and Challenges

• To challenge someone is to try to take the ball
  away
• Challenges are OK
• To tackle is to block the ball, not the
  opponent
• Tackles are OK
• To charge is to bump someone
• Charging is OK only when its
• Done by players who are playing the ball
• Limited in duration (no bull dozing)
• Shoulder to shoulder (not in back!)
• Not at all violent

7
Tripping

• Causing an opponent to fall by use of legs
• Action must be careless, reckless, or involving
  excessive force
• The ball cant trip. There must be contact
  between opposing players.
• Sometimes two players will simultaneously play
  ball in opposite directions, causing one (or
  both!) to fall down. This is perfectly legal as
  long as there is no contact between players
• Usually, tripper initiates contact
• Playing the ball first usually gives a player the
  right of way

8
Legal Tackles
Tackler makes contact with ball first, player
trips over ball or legs near ground. Note
position of both feet and cleats.
Not a Foul!
Very Rare in U10/U11/U12
9
Tripping an Opponent
Tripping or attempting to trip an opponent
Rare in U10/U11
10
Kicking an Opponent
Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent
Foul tackle from behind - may be kicking or
tripping
11
Kicking an Opponent
Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent
Over the ball tackle - may be kicking and
serious foul play
12
Charging an Opponent
(Carelessly, recklessly or using excessive force)
13
Charging an Opponent
Carelessly, recklessly or using excessive force
14
Jumping at an Opponent
Extremely Rare in U10/U12
15
Strikes or Attempts to Strike
Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
16
Handling the Ball

• Hand includes arm to the shoulder
• Handballs must be deliberate Incidental
  hand/ball contact is not a foul
• Player places hand (or arm) so that it touches
  the ball
• Reflexive self-defense is OK -- if it is just
  that
• Is there evidence of control in the bounce?
• Did the ball play the hand (OK) ordid the hand
  play the ball?

17
Deliberate Handling
Handles the ball deliberately
18
Unintentional Hand Contact
Unintentional contact not a foul Did ball hit
arm? Or Did arm hit ball?
19
INTENT

• However...
• Ball strikes player on arm - and - ball falls to
  players feet and he/she gains control
• No Foul!
• Reasoning
• Player did not initiate the action

20
Holding and Pushing

• Unfairly impeding an opponent by use of hands
  (typically) or body
• Must involve contact
• Watch for extended arms across the chest, raised
  elbows
• Watch for Hip check

21
Holds an Opponent
Rare in U10/U11
22
Minor (Non-penal) Fouls

• Dangerous play
• Impeding the progress of an opponent
  (non-contact) when not playing the ball
• Interfering with the goal keeper in penalty area
• Goalkeeper limits

23
Dangerous Play
Called for being too risky, not for doing damage
The gasp test if YOU gasp, its a foul!
High kicking
Above the knee Out of control Near other
players showing cleats
Playing on the ground
Player plays the ball while lying on ground near
other players Reason They must stop, so player
on ground must stop
Sliding tackles (in U10/U11)
Player slides feet first to ball being played by
an opponent Very dangerous if done from behind
Is it under control? Where are the feet?
24
Playing in a Dangerous Manner
(against an opponent)
Teammate doesnt count!
25
Impeding
Impeding the progress of an opponent
26
Interfering with the Goalkeeper
Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball
from his/her hands
27
Goalkeeper Limitations

• Goalkeepers may not be harassed or interfered
  with while attempting to put the ball in play.
  It is the duty of referees to protect the
  goalkeeper against dangerous play.
• BUT the goalkeeper is limited in this advantage.
• They cant just hold the ball or walk around with
  it
• 6 second limit (wasting time).
• They cant pick up the ball if
• They get it by a pass from a teammates foot
  (back pass rule), or if they receive a throw-in
  from a teammate, or if they have just put it down
  (it must first be played by an opponent).
• Coach, dont just penalize, young goalkeepers
  in these situations.

28
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS

• While playing as keeper in own penalty area
• Touches ball with hands
• after it has been deliberately
• kicked to him/her by
• a teammate

Warn keeper in U10/U11/U12
29
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS

• While playing as keeper in own penalty area
• Touches ball with hands if received directly from
  throw-in by teammate

30
MINOR (NON-PENAL) FOULS

• While playing as keeper in own penalty area
• Takes more than 6 seconds while controlling the
  ball with his hands before releasing it from his
  possession

31
Most Common Fouls in U10/U11

• Most common Major (Penal) Fouls in U10/U11
• Tripping
• Pushing
• Deliberate Handling
• Holding an opponent
• Most common Minor Foul in U10/U11
• Dangerous Play

Need to know these for exam!
32
Misconduct

• Things that destroy the game
• Violence
• Foul language or gestures
• Persistent fouling
• Dissent
• Serious Foul Play
• Rarely a problem in young divisions

33
Misconduct

• Laws also include cynical procedural fouls
• Encroachment, substitution procedures, etc
• These should never produce cautions in young
  divisions
• Teach them the rules!
• Use verbal warnings with troublesome players
• Involve coach if necessary
• Dont use cards except under the most extreme
  circumstances
• Report serious incidents to RRA or the referee
  coordinator

34
Offside (Law 11)

• What is the intent of this law?
• A player who is behind the defense and receives
  the ball from a teammate has not earned his
  advantage. A player should beat the last
  defender to earn a shot on goal.
• The offside law penalizes tactically unfair play.
• Offside is a technical infraction Award an IFK.

35
Offside (Law 11)

• Offside is position moment participation
• To be offside, a player has to be
• In the wrong place
• Too far forward in the attacking half
• At the wrong time
• When the ball is played by a teammate
• Doing the wrong thing
• Being part of a play he shouldnt be in

36
Offside Position

• It is not an offence to be in an offside position
• A player is in an offside position if
• he is nearer to his opponents goal line than
  both the ball and the second last opponent
• A player is not in an offside position if
• he is in his own half of the field, or
• he is level with the second last opponent, or
• he is level with the last two opponents

37
Basic Offside
A2 is in front of the second to last defender
at the time the ball is played to him.
38
Offside - Continued

• Moment of judgment is
• When ball is played or touched by a teammate
• Its OK to go into an offside position after the
  ball has been played.
• Participation is, in the opinion of the referee
• Being part of or interfering with play, or
• Gaining an advantage from being in that offside
  position
• Its OK to be in an offside position if you
  dont try to use it.
• Unless
• Player receives the ball direct from a goal-kick,
  corner-kick, or throw-in

39
Offside 2 Questions

• At the MOMENT a teammate played the ball, was the
  player in an off-side POSITION?
• If NO no off-side infraction
• If YESdid the player PARTICIPATE in the play?
• If NO no off-side infraction
• The answer to BOTH QUESTIONS must be YES for an
  off-side infraction!

40
Offside examples

• Key to diagrams

Attackers
Defenders
Direction of ball movement
Direction of player movement
41
Offside Diagram 2
X
B
Z
Y
A
Pass to a Team Mate
A plays the ball forward to B who is level with
the second last defender.
42
Offside Diagram 3
X
C
B
Z
Y
A
Pass to a Team Mate
A plays the ball forward to B who is level with
the second last defender. Note position of C.
43
Offside Diagram 4
X
Z
B
Y
A
Pass to a Team Mate
A plays the ball forward to B who is level with
the last two defenders.
44
Offside Diagram 5
X
B1
Z
B2
Y
A
Pass to a Team Mate
A crosses the ball forward from outside the
penalty area. B runs from Position 1 and collects
the ball as it lands at position 2.
45
Offside Diagram 6
X
B2
Z
B1
Y
A
Pass to a Team Mate
A passes the ball to B who runs from Position 1
to position 2 to play it.
46
Offside Diagram 7
X
A2
Y
A1
Z
B
Inter-passing with a Team Mate
A plays the ball to B from Position 1 and runs
forward to receive the return pass. B plays the
ball to A who is now in Position 2.
47
Offside Diagram 8
X
B
Z
Y
A
Shot on Goal
A shoots for goal and the ball enters the net. B
is standing in front of the goalkeeper.
48
Offside Diagram 9
X
B
Z
Y
A
Shot on Goal
A shoots for goal and the ball enters the net. B
is standing in front of the goalkeeper.
49
Offside Diagram 10
X
B
Y
Z
A
Ball Rebounding from Goal Posts or Crossbar
A shoots for goal and the ball rebounds from the
post to B who kicks the ball into the goal.
50
Offside Diagram 11
X
B
Y
Z
A
Ball Rebounding from Goalkeeper
A shoots for goal and the ball rebounds from the
goalkeeper to B who kicks the ball into the goal.
51
Offside Diagram 12
A
X
C
Y
Z
B
Corner Kick
A takes a corner kick and the ball goes to B. B
shoots for goal and the ball is touched by C and
enters the goal.
52
Offside Diagram 13
A
X
B
Y
Z
Corner Kick
A takes a corner kick and the ball goes to B. B
kicks the ball and it enters the goal.
53
Offside Diagram 14
X
B
Z
Y
A
Throw-in
A throws the ball to B. B kicks the ball and it
enters the goal.
54
Offside Diagram 15
Y
A2
A1
X
B
Z
Pass to a Teammate
B plays the ball ahead of A who is in his own
half. A receives the ball at position 2.
55
Offside - the Spirit

• Law books are full of examples and subtleties
• Dont get all technical
• Remember the principle
• No unearned breakaways on goal
• If in doubt, dont call it

56
Offside Restart

• To indicate position of restart by Assistant
  Referees

Far side
Center
Near side
57
CLASS BREAK TIME!!!
Please be back in 10 minutes
58
Free Kick (Law 13)

• Indirect free kick (IFK)
• Goal can not be scored until another player
  touches the ball(like all FK in U7/U8/U9)
• Referee must signal by raising one arm
• Keep up until ball is kicked and touches another
  player
• Direct free kick (DFK)
• Goal can be scored without another player
  touching the ball first
• Never given in opponents penalty area (penalty
  kick instead)
• For both cases, the ball is in play when it is
  kicked and moves

59
Free Kick (Law 13)

• When referee has stopped play for an infringement
• Any member of the team awarded the kick places
  the ball and kicks it
• Ball is placed where infringement occurred except
  in penalty area
• Penalty against defenders
• if it is direct, its a penalty kick!
• If indirect and inside of goal area, move to edge
  of goal area
• Penalty against offense
• if in goal area, treat it as a goal kick
• ball must clear penalty area before next touch
• Opponents all stay 10 yards away (U10 U11 8
  yards)
• Next played by another player. (If same player,
  IFK.)

60
Penalty Kick (Law 14)

• For a penal foul by defenders in their own
  penalty area
• Ball is placed on penalty mark
• Until ball is kicked
• Only kicker and goalkeeper are inside
  penalty-area
• All others must be outside penalty-area, at least
  10 yards (U10 U11 8 yards) from penalty mark
  (i.e. Outside the penalty arc), and behind the
  penalty mark (i.e., At least 12 yards (U10
  U11 10 yards) from the goal-line)
• Goalkeeper remains on goal line, facing kicker,
  and between goal posts. (May move laterally or
  jump up and down)
• After signal, kicker must kick the ball forward

61
Positions for Penalty Kick
62
Penalty-kick Mechanics

• When calling foul, point to penalty spot
• Clear penalty area (including arc) of players
• Instruct players to wait for ball to be kicked,
  NOT for whistle to blow
• Position and brief goalkeeper
• Identify player taking the kick, place ball,
  instruct to wait for whistle
• Take up your positions, whistle and watch

63
Penalty-kick (Law 14)

• Encroachment or forward movement by goalkeeper
• Let kick proceed, then stop play!
• Encroach result is
• Is by the goal no goal
• Attackers re-kick IFK or GK
• Defenders goal re-kick
• Both re-kick re-kick

64
The Nuts and Bolts of Refereeing

• Phases
• Before the game
• At the start of the game
• During the game
• During the half-time
• At the end

65
The Referee (Law 5)

• Decisions are final
• May choose to ignore trifling misdemeanors, or
  those that give advantage to the other team
• Keeps time
• Makes a record of the game
• Signals for restarts
• Disciplines players and team officials for
  misconduct, before, during, and after the game

66
Referee Equipment
Watch (2) Whistle (2) Coin Yellow Card Red
Card Pencil/Pen (2) Paper/Game card
67
Referee Equipment

• Referee Equipment
• AYSO supplies flags, whistle, socks, shirts,
  shorts, cards, roster cards, hats
• You supply shoes, and a bag to hold it all
• See website for Referee Equipment Room nights

68
During the Game

• Concentration
• Signaling
• Substitutions
• Positioning
• Mistakes

69
Concentration

• Focus! Dont let your mind wander
• Dont talk to spectators
• Refereeing is not the same as "spectating"
• Watch the players, not the ball

70
Signaling

• Whistle (to stop), arms (for restart), voice (to
  explain)
• Minimal and understated
• For players, not for sidelines
• Arm point to goalkeeper of offending team
• Learn and give the official signals (handbook,
  law book) but use voice often in younger divisions

71
Positioning

• Most calls are very easy if youre in the right
  place
• How do you decide where to be on the field?
• Chasing the ball won't work - it's too fast
• Better to decide where to be and move there early

72
What Are We Looking for?

• Injuries
• Fouls
• Goal
• Offside
• Ball out of play - goal line
• Ball out of play - touch line

73
Where Do We Have to Be

• To call you must be
• Injuries near ball
• Fouls near ball
• Goal on goal line
• Offside 2nd last defender
• Ball out of play - goal line on goal line
• Ball out of play - touch line on touch line
• Not the same place!

74
Viewpoints of Play
Offside
Direction of play
Fouls
Goal Line
Injuries
Touch line
75
Three Referee (Diagonal) System

• One center referee Two assistant referees
• Each assistant covers one touch and goal line
• Assistants move along touch line to call offside
• (Often referred to as running the line)
• Thus, assistants cover two of the four corners
• Referee covers center and other two corners
• This produces a tilted or diagonal path
• Referee trails play and focuses on fouls
• Referee and assistant box play between them

76
The Assistant Referee (Law 6)

• Assists (not insists) the center referee
• May or may not be neutral (i.E., Trained
  referees)
• Trained assistants signal
• Throw-in (direction)
• Goals
• Goal-kick and corner-kick
• Offside
• Fouls and other infractions, subject to referee
  instructions
• In a pre-game discussion review signals, what
  assistant should watch, and who is backup timer

77
Boxing Play
Offside
Direction of play
R
Fouls
Goal Line
Injuries
Touch line
AR
78
Three Referee (Diagonal) System
AR1
R
AR2
79
Set Play Goal Kick
R
A
A
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
AR
A
D
D
AR
D
D
Referee points toward goal arm below
horizontal.
80
Set Play Free Kick
A
D
D
AR
A
A
A
D
A
D
D
A
A
A
D
D
AR
R
D
A
D
Referee should be ready to run for counterattack.
81
Set Play Penalty Kick
AR
R
AR
Remember ball is in play!
82
Set Play Corner Kick (near)
AR
A
D
D
A
A
D
A
D
A
D
D
D
A
R
A
A
D
A
D
AR
Referee points toward corner, arm 45o above
horizontal.
83
Set Play Corner Kick (far)
AR
A
D
D
A
A
D
A
D
A
A
D
D
D
A
A
D
D
AR
A
R
Referee points toward corner, arm 45o above
horizontal.
84
The One Referee System

• What you do when your assistants dont show up
• Whats important
• Injuries, fouls
• Act as a center referee, trail the play
• Stay towards the center
• To minimize running while staying close
• Recruit parent volunteers to run line
• Teach them about ball out of play
• Dont ask them to do anything else

85
The One Referee System
Direction of play
R
Fouls
Goal Line
Injuries
Touch line volunteer
86
Mistakes

• We all make them (even the world cup refs!)
• Make the best decision you can on what you see
• Involve your assistants, if you are uncertain
• Admit and correct, if possible
• You can change a call (until restart), but
• You cannot un-blow a whistle
• Dont try to compensate
• Dont argue or be argued at about it
• Dont brood on it

87
After the Game

• Return ball to correct team
• Observe post-game ceremony
• Thank assistant referees and ask for feedback
• Complete roster/game card reports.(File the
  cards in case they are needed.)
• Maintain control of the field until teams have
  left the area

88
Summary

• Learn the laws
• Think about and practice mechanics
• Don't worry too much about offside
• Be gentle on penalty kicks
• It will be more physically demanding than U8/U9,
  so get into shape and hydrate
• And don't forget to keep having fun

89
How to (Teach Yourself To)Become a Better Referee

• Watch AYSO, college and professional soccer
• Read Laws of the Game The Referees
  Handbook Text books (e.g., Fair and Foul )
• Talk With colleagues, and coaches and others
• Attend Classes and clinics for ideas
  and discussion
• Certify To check your comprehension To
  validate it for others

90
U10 Referees

• Each U10 team is required to provide a certified
  regional referee for each game for which they are
  the home team (listed first in the schedule). If
  they do not, they will be considered to have
  forfeited the game.
• Make sure we have your name, phone numbers,
  preferences on days to referee and email address
  by using WebAYSO.

91
Conclusion

• This concludes the Child Specific portion of your
  Referee Certification training.
• The sport specific (Officiating Soccer) training
  is an ongoing process from Assistant Referee and
  Referee through National Referee Training.
  Information on this part of your training can be
  obtained from your Regional Referee Administrator
  ( Name of Person ) or your Regional
  Director of Referee Instruction ( Name of
  Person ) . See the AYSO web site for email
  and other contact info (www.xxxxxx.org).

92
THANK YOU !!!!

• Have a Safe, Fair, Fun Year

93
CREDITS

• The original course was actually constructed
  by... Beau Sheil and Roy Levin.
• AYSO Region 26
• The original authors were... Hugh Van Der Plas
  and Roy Levin.
• Roy Levin is the current AYSO Section 2 SDI
• Editor... Maurice Bizzarri Regional Director of
  Referee Instruction
• "Errors, suggestions, and improvements to
  maurice_at_bizzarri.org"
• AYSO Region 26, Palo Alto, CA
• Area Director of Referee Assessment Area 2A,
  Northern Santa Clara County, CA
• "Thanks to USSF for all the great graphics"