Pregnancy and Childbirth

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Pregnancy and Childbirth
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Objectives Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Describe the physical and emotional changes a
  woman typically goes through
• Identify the importance of good prenatal care and
  the important elements
• Identify the contributors to infertility
• Describe the process of labor and delivery
• Describe ways of preparing for a healthy
  postpartum period
• Define key terms

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Deciding to Become a Parent

• Physical health and age
• Financial circumstances
• Relationship with your partner
• Education, career and child care plans
• Emotional readiness
• Social support
• Personal qualities
• Philosophical or religious beliefs

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Preconception CareMale and Female

• Pre-existing medical conditions
• Prescription drug/OTC drug use
• Prior pregnancy or delivery problems.
• Age
• Smoking, alcohol or other drug usage
• Diet/ Folic Acid
• Family history of genetic disorders

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Conception/Fertility

• Conception is the fertilization of a womens egg
  by a mans sperm
• Fertilized egg is called a zygote
• Egg not fertilized disintegrates within 24 hrs
• Millions of sperm in ejaculate (Between 120 and
  600 million sperm with each ejaculation)
• Sperm release an enzyme to soften outer layer of
  egg
• Egg and sperm each carry 23 chromosomes

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HS 200 Continue with calendar entries

• Thurs, Oct. 26- Wellness Worksheet S7
• Tues, Nov. 7- Last day to turn in 12-Step Review
  (may complete 12-step review OR community
  activity/meeting)
• Thurs, Nov. 9- Last day to accept service
  learning projects (REQUIRED FOR ALL STUDENTS)
• Are you paying attention to your mind chatter?

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Pregnancy and Childbirth
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Infertility Affects about 10 of U.S. Couples

• Men
• Low sperm count
• Poor motility
• Blocked passageways
• Toxic substances
• Smoking
• Drugs
• Testicular injury
• Infections
• Birth defects
• High Temperatures

• Women
• Blocked fallopian tubes
• Pelvic Inflamm. Disease
• Endometriosis
• Hormonal imbalance
• Uterine Growths
• Allergic responses to sperm
• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Toxic chemicals or radiation

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Not just viewed as the womans problem
anymore..

• 35 of cases attributed to the male
• Most common reason is inability to produce
  adequate numbers of healthy sperm
• Chronic alcohol abuse reduces
• the ability of the male to produce
• normally formed sperm cells.

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The Wives of Henry VIII
(
1491-1547
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• Catherine of Aragon 1485-1536

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Anne Boleyn 1505-1536
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Jane Seymour 1509- 1537
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The 6 Wives of Henry the VIII

• Divorced Beheaded Died Divorced Beheaded
  Survived

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Protect Your Fertility!
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Infertility Treatment

• Surgery
• Fertility drugs
• Sperm donor
• Assisted Reproduction
• Surrogate Motherhood

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Pregnancy

• 13 week trimesters
• Tests
• Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Early signs and symptoms
• Missed menstrual period
• Softening of the uterus

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Changes in the Womens Body

• First 3 months
• ? Uterus enlarges
• ? By Fourth Month Abdomen protrudes
• ? Breast changes
• By 8th week enlarged and sensitive
• After 10th week
• Colostrum
• ? Muscles and Ligaments loosen
• ? Circulatory System becomes more efficient
• ? Increased heart rate/ Increased lung
  capacity
• ? Weight Gain

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Key Terms

• Embryo Weeks 2-8
• Fetus Week 9 - Birth
• Placenta Organ through which fetus receives
  nourishment
• Umbilical cord Cord connecting placenta and
  fetus
• Amniotic Sac Pouch enclosing and protecting fetus

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Changes During the Later Stages of Pregnancy

• By end of 6th month
• Increased needs placed on the mother.
• Braxton hicks contractions.
• Lightening- Baby settles into pelvic bones
• Increased urination
• Emotional responses to Pregnancy.

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Diagnosing Fetal Abnormalities

• Ultrasound
• Amniocentesis
• Chorionic Villus sampling (CVS)
• Triple marker screen (TMS)

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Basics of Prenatal Care

• Regular medical checkups
• Blood tests
• Nutritious diet /Prenatal Vitamins (folic acid)
• Avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, other drugs, and
  any infections that may harm the fetus
• Reasonable exercise
• Preparation for childbirth
• Physically / Emotionally

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Complications

• Ectopic pregnancy
• Spontaneous Abortion, or miscarriage
• Preeclampsia/eclampsia
• Low-birth Weight (LBW)
• Infant Mortality
• SIDS

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Choices in Childbirth

• Who is going to assist with delivery?
• Discuss Birth Plan in advance
• Where is the baby going to
• be delivered?
• Who will be present at the birth?

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Labor and Delivery

• 3 Stages of Labor
• Entire process 2-36 hours

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Stage 1
? Cervical Effacement and Dilation ?
Contractions- Every 15-20 minutes for 30 seconds
? Mucus plug is expelled and amniotic sac may
rupture. ? Last part of First Stage
TRANSITION
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Stage 2- Expulsion

• Baby slowly pushed into birth canal
• Baby squeezes through pelvis
• Head is usually delivered first
• Umbilical cord is cut

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Stage 3 Delivery of Placenta
5-20 minutes after birth Apgar Scale of the
Baby Cesarean deliveries
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Postpartum Period

• 3 months following childbirth.
• Critical family adjustment.
• Vaginal delivery leave hospital 1-3 days.
• Cesarean section 3-5 days.
• Breastfeeding.
• Postpartum depression.

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Postpartum Depression

• affects 10-15 of women any time from a month to
  a year after childbirth.

Less than 1 of new motherswomen develop
postpartum psychosis. Paranoia Irrational
Thoughts Hospitalization often
indicated National Institute of Mental Health

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Causes are thought to be The dramatic hormonal
shifts that occurduring pregnancy The Chemical
changes in the brain that result The dramatic
lifestyle changes and round-the clock- care
required after the birth of a baby. Guilt,
shame, isolation, and her depressed state often
keep her from getting the help needed.
Postpartum Depression is common and treatable
Call NIH at 1-866-615-6464 for assistance,
support, further info.
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What might have happened if Andrea Yates had
received the medical help and support needed?

• Noah- 7, John-5, Luke- 3, and Paul- 2, Mary- 6
  months

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Support the new moms you know!

• Offer to watch the baby or siblings
• Help with household chores, shopping,etc.
• Check in regularly

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Protect your Fertility!